Oriented projective geometry

Summary

Oriented projective geometry is an oriented version of real projective geometry.

Whereas the real projective plane describes the set of all unoriented lines through the origin in R3, the oriented projective plane describes lines with a given orientation. There are applications in computer graphics and computer vision where it is necessary to distinguish between rays light being emitted or absorbed by a point.

Elements in an oriented projective space are defined using signed homogeneous coordinates. Let be the set of elements of excluding the origin.

  1. Oriented projective line, : , with the equivalence relation for all .
  2. Oriented projective plane, : , with for all .

These spaces can be viewed as extensions of euclidean space. can be viewed as the union of two copies of , the sets (x,1) and (x,-1), plus two additional points at infinity, (1,0) and (-1,0). Likewise can be viewed as two copies of , (x,y,1) and (x,y,-1), plus one copy of (x,y,0).

An alternative way to view the spaces is as points on the circle or sphere, given by the points (x,y,w) with

x2+y2+w2=1.

Oriented real projective space

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Let n be a nonnegative integer. The (analytical model of, or canonical[1]) oriented (real) projective space or (canonical[2]) two-sided projective[3] space   is defined as

 [4]

Here, we use   to stand for two-sided.

Distance in oriented real projective space

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Distances between two points   and   in   can be defined as elements

 

in  .[5]

Oriented complex projective geometry

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Let n be a nonnegative integer. The oriented complex projective space   is defined as

 .[6] Here, we write   to stand for the 1-sphere.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Stolfi 1991, p. 2.
  2. ^ Stolfi 1991, p. 13.
  3. ^ Werner 2003.
  4. ^ Yamaguchi 2002, pp. 33–34, Definition 4.1.
  5. ^ Stolfi 1991, §17.4.
  6. ^ Below 2003.

References

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  • Stolfi, Jorge (1991). Oriented Projective Geometry. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-672025-9.
    From original Stanford Ph.D. dissertation, Primitives for Computational Geometry, available as [1].
  • Ghali, Sherif (2008). Introduction to Geometric Computing. Springer. ISBN 978-1-84800-114-5.
    Nice introduction to oriented projective geometry in chapters 14 and 15. More at author's website. Sherif Ghali.
  • Yamaguchi, Fujio (2002). Computer-aided Geometric Design: A Totally Four-dimensional Approach. Springer. ISBN 978-4-431-68007-9.
  • Below, Alexander; Krummeck, Vanessa; Richter-Gebert, Jurgen (2003). "Complex matroids: phirotopes and their realizations in rank 2". In Aronov, Boris; Basu, Saugata; Pach, Janos; Sharir, Micha (eds.). Discrete and Computational Geometry: The Goodman–Pollack Festschrift. Springer. pp. 203–233. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-55566-4. ISBN 978-3-642-62442-1.
  • A. G. Oliveira, P. J. de Rezende, F. P. SelmiDei An Extension of CGAL to the Oriented Projective Plane T2 and its Dynamic Visualization System, 21st Annual ACM Symp. on Computational Geometry, Pisa, Italy, 2005.
  • Werner, Tomas (2003). "Combinatorial constraints on multiple projections of set points". Proceedings Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. pp. 1011–1016. doi:10.1109/ICCV.2003.1238459. ISBN 0-7695-1950-4. S2CID 6816538. Retrieved 26 November 2022.