Osoet Pegua was a member of the Mon people. She was a successful businesswoman with valuable contacts in the Thai royal court. During this period, South East Asia had a small merchant class, and trade was often left to women, as it was regarded as a part of domestic household duties. Most of the international trade in the region took place between foreign tradesmen and the local rulers, and the foreign tradesmen often conducted temporary marriages with local businesswomen, who acted as the agents between the foreign tradesmen and the ruler.

Osoet Pegua was one of the most famous of these women, and became well known in Thailand as an example of a female business agent, and as an independent woman. She conducted temporary marriages with several of the officials of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), and acted as the agent between King Prasat Thong and the Netherlands, effectively controlling the trade between the two nations. Between 1638 and 1642, she was briefly married to Jeremias van Vliet, the leading official of the Dutch East India Company's station in Thailand.

In 1642, Jeremias van Vliet left her to become governor of Dutch Malacca. This resulted in a conflict between him and Pegua which disturbed trade relations between Ayutthaya and the Netherlands.

• Sarah Shaver Hughes, Brady Hughes, Women in World History: v. 1: Readings from Prehistory to 1500
• Dhiravat na Pombejra (2000). "VOC Employees and their Relationships with Mon and Siamese Women: A Case Study of Osoet Pegua". In Barbara W. Andaya (ed.). Other Pasts: Women, Gender and History in Early Modern Southeast Asia. Center for Southeast Asian Studies, University of Hawaiʻi. pp. 195–214.

• The Life and Times of Osoet Pegua, HERstory Southeast Asia podcast hosted by Agas Ramirez, based on a lecture by Dhiravat na Pombejra, 28 May 2022