^"Constitution of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations". State of Rhode Island General Assembly. Archived from the original on 2008-09-19. Retrieved 2007-09-09.
^Barry Popik, Smoky City, barrypopik.com website, March 27, 2005
^"U.S. Census Bureau State & County QuickFacts Rhode Island". Archived from the original on 2012-08-09.