Outline_of_computer_programming Knowpia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to computer programming:

Computer programming – process that leads from an original formulation of a computing problem to executable computer programs. Programming involves activities such as analysis, developing understanding, generating algorithms, verification of requirements of algorithms including their correctness and resources consumption, and implementation (commonly referred to as coding^[1]^[2]) of algorithms in a target programming language. Source code is written in one or more programming languages. The purpose of programming is to find a sequence of instructions that will automate performing a specific task or solving a given problem.

History edit

Platforms edit

Paradigms edit

Agent-oriented
Aspect-oriented
Automata-based
Class-based
Concatenative
Concept
Concurrent
Data-driven
Declarative (as opposed to imperative programming)
- Constraint
  - Constraint logic
    - Concurrent constraint logic
- Dataflow
  - Flow-based (FBP)
  - Reactive
- Functional
  - Functional logic
  - Purely functional
- Logic
Event-driven
- Time-driven
Expression-oriented
Feature-oriented
Function-level (as opposed to value-level programming)
Generic
Imperative (as opposed to declarative programming)
- Literate
- Procedural
Inductive programming
Language-oriented (LOP)
- Natural language programming
- Intentional
Non-structured (as opposed to Structured)
- Array
Nondeterministic
Probabilistic
Process-oriented
Role-oriented
Semantic-oriented (SOP)
Structured (as opposed to non-structured programming)
- Block-structured
- Modular
  - Concurrent computing
    - Relativistic programming
- Object-oriented (OOP)
Tacit
Value-level (as opposed to function-level programming)
Visual

Writing programs edit

Pseudocode

Methodology edit

Array programming
End-user development
Metaprogramming
- Automatic programming
- Reflection
  - Attribute-oriented programming (AOP)
- Homoiconicity
- Template metaprogramming
  - Policy-based design
- Service-oriented architecture
  - Service-oriented modeling
Recursion
Separation of concerns
Threaded coding

Algorithms edit

Programming languages edit

Programming language – formal constructed language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs to control the behavior of a machine or to express algorithms.

Attributes of programming languages edit

Popular languages edit

The top 20 most popular programming languages as of December 2022^[update]:^[3]

Anatomy of a programming language edit

Syntax
- Lexical grammar
- Semicolons
Values
Types
Operators
Program structures
- Variables
- Expressions
- Statements
- Keywords and reserved words
- Control structures
  - Subroutines (also known as functions)
    - Anonymous functions
  - Loops
    - For loops
    - While loops
  - Conditionals
Control flow
Data structures
- Objects
- Arrays
Regular expressions

Comparisons of programming languages edit

Programming language comparisons

Comparisons of individual languages edit

Compilation edit

Software edit

Computer program
- Hello world (a common form of example program for learning programmers)
Application software
- Software suite
- Database management system
Programming software
- Programming tool
System software

Components edit

Software development edit

Software development
- Software development process
  - Debugging
    - Human error
- Software development methodology
  - Agile software development
  - Extreme programming

Software engineering edit

Software engineering –

References edit

^ Shaun Bebbington (2014). "What is coding". Retrieved 2014-03-03.
^ Shaun Bebbington (2014). "What is programming". Retrieved 2014-03-03.
^ "index | TIOBE - The Software Quality Company". www.tiobe.com. Retrieved 2022-12-27.