Paired related homeobox 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRRX1 gene.[5][6]
PRRX1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Aliases | PRRX1, AGOTC, PHOX1, PMX1, PRX-1, PRX1, paired related homeobox 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
External IDs | OMIM: 167420 MGI: 97712 HomoloGene: 7896 GeneCards: PRRX1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The DNA-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the paired family of homeobox proteins localized to the nucleus. The protein functions as a transcription coactivator, enhancing the DNA-binding activity of serum response factor, a protein required for the induction of genes by growth and differentiation factors. The protein regulates muscle creatine kinase, indicating a role in the establishment of diverse mesodermal muscle types. Alternative splicing yields two isoforms that differ in abundance and expression patterns.[6]
Prrx1 expression is restricted to the mesoderm during embryonic development, and both Prrx1 and Prrx2 are expressed in mesenchymal tissues in adult mice.[7][8][9][10][11] Mice that lack both Prrx1 and Prrx2 have profound defects in mesenchymal cell differentiation in the craniofacial region.[9][12] Several recent studies demonstrate that PRRX1 can regulate differentiation of mesenchymal precursors. For example, PRRX1 inhibits adipogenesis by activating transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling,[13] and also acts downstream of tumor necrosis factor-alpha to inhibit osteoblast differentiation.[14]
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.