Paleobiota_of_the_Yixian_Formation Knowpia

The Yixian Formation (simplified Chinese: 义县组; traditional Chinese: 義縣組; pinyin: Yìxiàn zǔ) is a geological formation in Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, that spans about 1.6 million years during the early Cretaceous period (Barremian-Aptian stage). It is known for its fossils, listed below.

The Yixian Formation is divided into the following subunits: (ages from Zhong et al., 2021^[1] unless otherwise noted)

Upper Yixian (124.1 Ma) ("Jingangshan Bed") ("Dawangzhangzi Bed")
Upper Lava Unit
Jianshangou Unit (125.46 Ma)
Lower Lava Unit
Lujiatun Unit (125.76–125.68 Ma)

Sauropods edit

Genus	Species	County	Member	Material	Notes	Images
Dongbeititan	D. dongi	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	Partial postcrania^[2]	A basal titanosauriform	Euhelopus
cf. Euhelopus	cf. E. sp.		Lujiatun Bed	Isolated teeth^[3]	A basal titanosauriform
Liaoningotitan	L. sinensis			nearly complete skeleton^[4]	A basal titanosauriform
Ruixinia	R. zhangi	Beipiao		A partial articulated skeleton^[5]	A somphospondylan titanosauriform
Sauropoda spp.			Lujiatun & Jianshangou Beds	Isolated vertebrae and teeth^[6]	One or more species of sauropods, possibly titanosaurs, have been recovered from the Yixian Formation, though most remain undescribed^[3]

Ornithischians edit

The dinosaurs listed below were compiled in a survey by Xu and Norell in 2006, unless otherwise noted.^[6]

Genus	Species	County	Member	Material	Notes	Images
Bolong	B. yixianensis		Jianshangou Bed	A nearly complete skeleton.	An iguanodontian ornithopod	Bolong Jeholosaurus Liaoceratops Liaoningosaurus Psittacosaurus
Changmiania^[7]	C. liaoningensis		Lujiatun Bed	Two nearly complete skeletons	A basal ornithopod that may have dug burrows
Jeholosaurus	J. shangyuanensis	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	"Skull with associated vertebrae and hindlimb, skull with cervical vertebrae."^[8]	An ornithopod
Jinzhousaurus	J. yangi	Yixian	Dawangzhangzi Bed	"Nearly complete skull and skeleton."^[9]	An ornithopod
Liaoceratops	L. yanzigouensis	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	"[Two] nearly complete skulls, juvenile to adult."^[10]	A ceratopsian
Liaoningosaurus	L. paradoxus	Yixian	Dawangzhangzi Bed	"Partial skull [and] skeleton."^[11]	A small ankylosaur
Psittacosaurus	P. lujiatunensis	Beipiao	Lujiatun & Jianshangou Beds	Thousands of specimens in the Lujiatun Bed, somewhat less common in the Jianshangou Bed	A ceratopsian

Theropods edit

The dinosaurs listed below were compiled in a survey by Xu and Norell in 2006, unless otherwise noted.^[6]

Avialans edit

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Genus	Species	County	Member	Material	Notes	Images
Abitusavis^[12]	A. lii	Ningcheng		"Nearly complete skeleton."^[12]		Changchengornis Confuciusornis sanctus Eogranivora Hongshanornis Liaoningornis Liaoxiornis Shanweiniao Yixianosaurus
Archaeorhynchus	A. spathula		Dawangzhangzi Bed		An early, advanced short-tailed bird (ornithuran)^[13]
Changchengornis^[14]	C. hengdaoziensis^[14]		Jianshangou Bed	"Nearly complete skeleton."^[14]	A confuciusornithid
Confuciusornis	C. chuonzhous				Junior synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus^[15]
	C. dui^[16]		Jianshangou Bed	"[Two] skeletons."^[16]
	C. feducciai^[17]		Jianshangou Bed
	C. sanctus^[16]		Jianshangou and Dawangzhangzi Beds	"Hundreds of complete skeletons."^[16]	A primitive short-tailed bird (pygostylian), also present in the Jiufotang Formation
	C. suniae				Junior synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus^[15]
Dalingheornis	D. liweii		Dawangzhangzi Bed		An Enantiornithine^[18]
Eoenantiornis	E. buhleri		Jianshangou Bed	"Nearly complete skeleton."^[19]	An entantiornithine
Eogranivora	E. edentulata		Dawangzhangzi Bed	"nearly complete skeleton with skull"^[20]	An ornithuromorph
Iteravis	I. huchzermeyeri				An ornithuromorph
Jinzhouornis	J. yixianensis		Jianshangou Bed		A pygostylian, a junior synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus^[21]
Jinzhouornis	J. zhangjiyingia		Jianshangou Bed		Junior synonym of C. sanctus
Jixiangornis	J. orientalis		Jianshangou Bed		A basal avialan, also present in the Jiufotang Formation^[22]
Hongshanornis	H. longicresta		Jianshangou and Dawangzhangzi Beds^[23]	4 specimens^[23]	An ornithuromorph^[24]
Jibeinia	J. luahera				Previously regarded as Yixian, horizon reassigned to the Huajiying Formation by Jin et al., 2008.^[25]
Liaoningornis	L. longidigitris		Lujiatun Bed	"Partial skeleton."^[26]	An enantiornithine.^[27]
Liaoxiornis	L. delicatus		Dawangzhangzi Bed		Considered a nomen dubium because the name is based on remains of a hatchling entantiornithine and cannot be confidently matched with the adult form.^[28]
Lingyuanornis	L. parvus		Dawangzhangzi Bed		Junior objective synonym of Liaoxiornis delicatus, a nomen dubium.^[28]
Longicrusavis	L. houi		Dawangzhangzi Bed		An ornithuromorph^[24]
Longirostravis	L. hani		bed unknown		An enantiornithine
Protopteryx	P. fengningensis				Previously regarded as Yixian, horizon reassigned to the Huajiying Formation by Jin et al., 2008.^[25]
Mirusavis	M. parvus			Partial skeleton.^[29]	An immature female enantiornithine preserved with medullary bone tissue.^[29]
Shanweiniao	S. cooperorum		Dawangzhangzi Bed		An enantiornithine.^[30]
Vescornis	V. hebeiensis				Previously regarded as Yixian, horizon reassigned to the Huajiying Formation by Jin et al., 2008.^[25]
Yixianosaurus	Y. longimanus		Dawangzhangzi Bed		An anchiornithid
Zhongornis	Z. haoae		Dawangzhangzi Bed		A primitive avialan with a short but non-pygostylian tail^[31]

Compsognathids edit

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Genus	Species	County	Member	Material	Notes	Images
Huaxiagnathus	H. orientalis	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed		A compsognathid	Sinocalliopteryx Sinosauropteryx prima
Sinocalliopteryx	S. gigas	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed		A large compsognathid
Sinosauropteryx	S. prima	Beipiao & Lingyuan	Jianshangou & Dawangzhangzi Beds	Four nearly complete specimens^[32]^[33]	A compsognathid. The first non-avian dinosaur found with feather impressions.
Sinosauropteryx	S.? sp.	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	One specimen (GMV 2124) with partial skull, postcrania, and preserved feathers	An unnamed coelurosaur originally described as a specimen of Sinosauropteryx, later found to be a new genus and species.^[34]

Dromaeosaurs edit

Genus	Species	County	Member	Material	Notes	Images
Changyuraptor^[35]	C. yangi	Jianchang		A complete articulated specimen with extensive feathering.^[35]	A dromaeosaurid	Changyuraptor Graciliraptor Sinornithosaurus millenii Tianyuraptor Zhenyuanlong Zhongjianosaurus
Graciliraptor	G. lujiatunensis	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	An incomplete specimen.	A dromaeosaurid
Sinornithosaurus	S. haoiana	Yixian	Dawangzhangzi Bed		Might be a junior synonym of Sinornithosaurus millenii.
Sinornithosaurus	S. millenii	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	Three specimens with skulls and postcrania, two with preserved feathers.^[36] Feathered integument is also preserved.^[36]^[37]	A dromaeosaurid, the first ever found with feather impressions.
Tianyuraptor	T. ostromi	Lingyuan	Dawangzhangzi Bed		A dromaeosaurid
Zhenyuanlong^[38]	Z. suni	Jianchang		One nearly complete skeleton with preserved feathers, including long tail feathers and large wing feathers.	A dromaeosaurid
Zhongjianosaurus^[39]	Z. yangi	Lingyuan		A partial skeleton includes an arm, legs, vertebrae, ribs, and most of the tail.^[39]	A microraptorian dromaeosaurid with very long legs.^[39]
Unnamed dromaeosaurid	Specimen NGMC 91	Lingyuan	Dawangzhangzi Bed	Complete specimen with feather imprints	A juvenile dromaeosaurid that may be a specimen of Sinornithosaurus millenii.^[40]^[41] Informally nicknamed "Dave".

Ornithomimosaurs edit

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Genus	Species	County	Member	Material	Notes	Images
Hexing	H. qingyi	Beipiao	Lujiatun		A primitive ornithomimosaur^[42]	Shenzhousaurus
Shenzhousaurus	S. orientalis	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	"Articulated skull and incomplete skeleton."^[43]	A primitive ornithomimosaur

Oviraptorosaurs edit

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Genus	Species	County	Member	Material	Notes	Images
Caudipteryx	C. dongi	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	"[One] partial postcranium with feather imprints."^[44]	Oviraptorosaurs	Caudipteryx zoui Incisivosaurus Protarchaeopteryx
	C. zoui	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	Common, only over a small region
	C. sp.^[45]
Incisivosaurus	I. gauthieri	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	"[One] skull [and a] partial cervical."^[44]	An oviraptorosaur
Ningyuansaurus	N. wangi			Complete skeleton with feather impressions.^[46]	An oviraptorosaur
Protarchaeopteryx	P. robusta	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	"Nearly complete skull and skeleton, at least [two] individuals."^[47]	A possible relative of Incisivosaurus
Similicaudipteryx	S. yixianensis			Two specimens	An oviraptorosaur, also present in the Jiufotang Formation^[48]
Xingtianosaurus	X. ganqi	Liaoning	Dakangpu Bed	One nearly complete specimen (IVPP V13390), minus the head	An oviraptorosaur^[49]

Therizinosaurs edit

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Genus	Species	County	Member	Material	Notes	Images
Beipiaosaurus	B. inexpectus	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	"Incomplete skeleton with integument."^[50]	A therizinosaur	Beipiaosaurus Jianchangosaurus
Jianchangosaurus	J. yixianensis	Jianchang		A nearly complete juvenile specimen with feather impressions.^[51]	A therizinosaur

Troodontids edit

Genus	Species	County	Member	Material	Notes	Images
Daliansaurus	D. liaoningensis	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	A very complete specimen.^[52]	A troodontid	Daliansaurus Jianianhualong Liaoningvenator Mei Sinovenator Sinusonasus
Jianianhualong	J. tengi	Beipiao	Dawangzhangzi Bed	A very complete specimen with feather impressions.^[53]	A troodontid
Liaoningvenator	L. curriei	Beipiao		A very complete specimen.	A troodontid
Mei	M. long	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed		A small troodontid fossilized in a sleeping position
Sinovenator	S. changii	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	Three specimens with partial skulls and postcrania.^[54]^[55] Hundreds of additional specimens known but undescribed.	A troodontid
Sinusonasus	S. magnodens	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed		A troodontid
Undescribed deinonychosaur/possible troodontid			Dawangzhangzi Bed	One specimen with feather imprints	A possible troodontid.^[56]
Undescribed troodontid	Specimen CAGS-IG01-004		Lujiatun Bed	Skull and partial skeleton	A troodontid similar to Mei.^[57]

Tyrannosaurs and other theropods edit

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Genus	Species	County	Member	Material	Notes	Images
Dilong	D. paradoxus	Beipiao	Lujiatun & Jianshangou Bed	Rare	A tyrannosauroid	Dilong Yutyrannus
Grallator			lower Jianshangou Bed		Footprints belonging to the Grallator form taxon, belonging to a small theropod. Of known Yixian theropods, the footprints most closely match Caudipteryx.^[58]
Raptorex	R. kriegsteini				A tyrannosaurid, probably from higher Mongolian strata.
Scansoriopteryx	S. heilmanni				Initially reported from the Dawangzhangzi Bed, probably from the Daohugou Beds instead.^[59]
Yutyrannus	Y. huali		Unknown	Three nearly complete skeletons of various ages	A large tyrannosauroid^[60]
Unnamed theropod	Not yet described	Yixian	Lujiatun Bed	Partial post-cranial skeleton^[61]	A possible carnosaur^[62]

Pterosaurs edit

The pterosaurs listed below were compiled in a survey by Wang and Zhou in 2006, unless otherwise noted.^[63]

Genus	Species	County	Member	Material	Notes	Images
Beipiaopterus	B. chenianus		Jianshangou Bed		A ctenochasmatid	Feilongus Gladocephaloideus Haopterus Moganopterus Ningchengopterus
Boreopterus	B. cuiae		Jianshangou Bed		A boreopterid
Cathayopterus	C. grabaui		Dawangzhangzi Bed		A ctenochasmatid
Elanodactylus^[64]	E. prolatus		Jianshangou Bed^[65]		A ctenochasmatid
Eopteranodon	E. lii^[66]	Beipiao			A tapejarid
Eopteranodon	E. yixianensis^[67]	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed		A tapejarid
Eosipterus	E. yangi		Jianshangou Bed		A ctenochasmatid
Gegepterus^[68]	G. changae^[65]		Jianshangou Bed^[65]		A ctenochasmatid
Gladocephaloideus	G. jingangshanensis		Jianshangou Bed		A ctenochasmatid
Haopterus	H. gracilis		Jianshangou Bed		An ornithocheirid
Luchibang^[69]	L. xingzhe			One nearly complete articulated skeleton (ELDM 1000)	An istiodactylid, the most complete known
Moganopterus	M. zhuiana		Lujiatun bed?		A ctenochasmatid
Ningchengopterus	N. liuae		Jianshangou or Dawangzhangzi bed		A pterodactyloid^[70]
Nurhachius	N. sp.		Jingangshan Member^[71]	An incomplete specimen^[71]	An istiodactylid
Pterofiltrus	P. qiui		Jianshangou Bed		A ctenochasmatid^[65]
Zhenyuanopterus	Z. longirostris		Jianshangou Bed		A boreopterid.^[72] May be adult form of Boreopterus.^[73]

Misc. reptiles edit

Choristoderans edit

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Genus	Species	Member	Material	Notes	Images
Hyphalosaurus	H. lingyuanensis	Dawangzhangzi Bed			Hyphalosaurus baitaigouensis Monjurosuchus splendens
Hyphalosaurus	H. baitaigouensis	Jingangshan Bed	Thousands of specimens
Monjurosuchus	M. splendens	Dawangzhangzi Bed
Sinohydrosaurus	S. lingyuanensis	Dawangzhangzi Bed		Junior synonym of Hyphalosaurus lingyuanensis

Lizards edit

Genus	Species	Member	Notes	Images
Dalinghosaurus	D. longidigitus	Jianshangou Bed	A lizard related to shinisaurs	Dalinghosaurus Xianglong
Liushusaurus	L. acanthocaudata^[74]	Jianshangou or Dawangzhangzi bed	A lizard related to geckos and skinks
Xianglong	X. zhaoi	Jianshangou Bed	A gliding lizard related to chameleons and dragon lizards
Yabeinosaurus	Y. tenuis	Dawangzhangzi & Jingangshan Beds	A lizard related to geckos and skinks

Turtles edit

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Genus	Species	Member	Notes	Images
Manchurochelys	M. liaoxiensis^[75]	Jianshangou Bed	Reclassified as Ordosemys liaoxiensis^[76]	Ordosemys
Manchurochelys	M. manchoukuoensis^[15]	Jingangshan Bed
Ordosemys	O. liaoxiensis^[76]	Jianshangou Bed

Mammals edit

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

The mammals listed below were compiled in a survey by Meng and colleagues in 2006, unless otherwise noted.^[77]

Genus	Species	County	Member	Notes	Images
Acristatherium	A. yanensis^[78]	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	A eutherian	Eomaia Gobiconodon zofiae Jeholodens Repenomamus robustus Yanoconodon
Akidolestes	A. cifellii	Lingyuan	Dawangzhangzi Bed	A spalacotheriid "symmetrodont"
Ambolestes^[79]	A. zhoui	Nincheng	Jianshangou Bed	A eutherian
Chaoyangodens^[80]	C. lii	Lingyuan	Dawangzhangzi Bed	A eutriconodont
Eomaia	E. scansoria	Lingyuan	Dawangzhangzi Bed	A tribosphenidan, possibly a eutherian or stem-therian
Gobiconodon	G. zofiae	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	A gobiconodont
Gobiconodon	G. luoianus^[81]		Lujiatun Bed	A gobiconodont; junior synonym of G. zofiae
Jeholodens	J. jenkinsi	Chaoyang	Jianshangou Bed	A eutriconodont
Juchilestes^[82]	J. liaoningensis	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	An amphidontid
Jueconodon^[83]	J. cheni			A eutriconodont
Maotherium	M. sinensis	Chaoyang	Jianshangou Bed	A zhangeotheriid "symmetrodont"
Maotherium	M. asiaticus^[84]	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	A zhangeotheriid "symmetrodont"
Meemannodon	M. lujiatunensis	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	A gobiconodont
Origolestes	O. lii			A zhangeotheriid "symmetrodont"
Repenomamus	R. giganticus	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	A gobiconodont
Repenomamus	R. robustus	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	A large gobiconodont, which ate small dinosaurs
Sinobaatar	S. lingyuanensis	Lingyuan	Jianshangou and Dawangzhangzi Beds	A multituberculate
Sinodelphys	S. szalayi	Lingyuan	Dawangzhangzi Bed	A therian, initially interpreted as a metatherian and later reinterpreted as a eutherian
Yanoconodon^[85]	Y. allini^[85]	Fengning^[85]		A eutricondodont
Zhangheotherium	Z. quinquecuspidens	Chaoyang	Jianshangou Bed	A zhangeotheriid "symmetrodont"

Amphibians edit

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Genus	Species	County	Member	Notes	Images
Callobatrachus	C. sanyanensis	Sihetun	Jianshangou Bed	Junior synonym of Liaobatrachus	Liaobatrachus
Laccotriton	L. subsolanus	Paozhanggou	Fengshan Bed	A urodelan
Liaobatrachus	L. grabaui	Sihetun	Jianshangou Bed	A spadefoot toad
Liaobatrachus	L. zhaoi	Beipiao & Heitizigou	Lujiatun Bed & Jianshangou Bed	A spadefoot toad
Mesophryne	M. beipiaoensis	Beipiao & Heitizigou	Lujiatun Bed & Jianshangou Bed	Junior synonym of Liaobatrachus
Sinerpeton	S. fengshanensis	Paozhanggou	Fengshan Bed	A urodelan

Fish edit

Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Images
Hybodontoidea indet.	Family, genus and species indeterminate			An elasmobranch known from a single dorsal fin spine^[86]	Lycoptera Mesomyzon Protopsephurus Sinamia
Lycoptera	L. davidi	Jianshangou & Dawangzhangzi Beds	Also present in the Jiufotang Formation & Huajiying Formation	An osteoglossiform
	L. muroii	Jingangshan Bed
	L. sinensis	Jianshangou Bed
Mesomyzon	M. mengae			A lamprey
Peipiaosteus	P. pani	Jianshangou & Dawangzhangzi Bed	Also present in the Jiufotang Formation	A peipiaosteid fish related to sturgeons
Protopsephurus	P. liui	Dawangzhangzi Bed	Also present in the Jiufotang & Huajiying Formations	A paddlefish
Sinamia	S. liaoningensis	Jianshangou Bed		A bowfin
Yanosteus	Y. longidorsalis		Also present in the Huajiying Formation	A peipiaosteid

Invertebrate fauna of the Yixian Formation edit

The invertebrate species listed below follow a survey by Chen and colleagues published in 2005, unless otherwise noted.^[75]

Arachnids edit

The arachnid species listed below follow a catalogue compiled by Dunlop, Penney and Jekel in 2010, unless otherwise noted.^[87]

Genus	Species	Notes
?Araneus	A.? aethus	Orb-weaver spiders
	A.? beipiaoensis
	A.? liaoxiensis
	A.? reheensis
Cretaraneus	C. liaoningensis	A nephiline spider
?Gnaphosa	G.? liaoningensis	A ground spider
?Theridion	T.? atalus	A tangle web spider

Beetles (Coleoptera) edit

Genus	Species	County	Notes
Anoixis	A. complanus		A desmatin click beetle^[88]
Apoclion	A. antennatus		Desmatin click beetles^[88]
	A. clavatus
	A. dolini
Coptoclava	C. longipoda		A beetle^[89]
Desmatinus	D. cognatus		A desmatin click beetle^[88]
Fortiseode	F. pervalimand		An eodromeine trachypachid beetle^[90]
Glaresis	G. orthochilus		A laresid scarab beetle^[91]
Hydrophilopsia	H. gracilis		Hydrophiloid water scavenger beetles^[92]
	H. hydraenoides
	H. shatrovskiyi
Lasiosyne	L. integera	Huangbanjigou Village, Liaoning Province, northeastern China.^[93]	A lasiosynid beetle.^[93]
Lasiosyne	L. parva	Huangbanjigou Village, Liaoning Province, northeastern China.^[93]	A lasiosynid beetle.^[93]
Liaoximordella	L. hongi		A mordellid beetle^[94]
Mirimordella	M. gracilicruralis		A mordellid beetle^[95]
Oxyporus	O. yixianus		An oxyporine rove beetle^[96]
Paradesmatus	P. dilatatus		A desmati click beetle^[88]
Parageotrupes	P. incanus		A Geotrupine scarab beetle^[97]
Sinocupes	S. validus		A beetle^[89]
Sinosperchopsis	S. silinae		A hydrophiloid water scavenger beetle^[92]
Sinoxytelus	S. breviventer		Oxyteline rove beetles^[98]
	S. euglypheus
	S. longisetosus

Crustaceans edit

Genus	Species	County	Member	Notes
Chenops^[99]	C. oblongus			Notostracans
Chenops^[99]	C. yixianensis			Notostracans
Cricoidoscelosus	C. aethus			Junior synonym of Palaeocambarus^[100]
Cypridea	C. (Cypridea) liaoningensis		Jianshangou Bed	Ostracods
	C. (C.) sihetunensis		Jianshangou Bed
	C. (C.) veridica arguta		Jingangshan Bed
	C. (C.) sp.		Jianshangou Bed
	C. (Ulwellia) beipiaoensis	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed
Damonella	D. formosa		Jianshangou Bed	An ostracod
Darwinula	D. leguminella		Jianshangou Bed	An ostracod
Diestheria	D. jeholensis		Jianshangou Bed	Clam shrimps
	D. yixianensis		Dawangzhangzi Bed
	D.? sp.		Jianshangou Bed
Eosestheria	E. jingangshanensis		Jingangshan Bed	Clam shrimps
	E. lingyuanensis		Dawangzhangzi Bed
	E. aff. middendorfii		Jingangshan Bed
	E. ovata		Jianshangou Bed
	E. sihetunensis		Jianshangou Bed
Eosestheriopsis	E. gujialingensis		Jianshangou Bed	A clam shrimp
Jeholops^[99]	J. hongi			A notostracan
Liaoningogriphus	L. quadripartitus		Jianshangou and Dawangzhangzi beds	A shrimp
Lycopterocypris	L. infantilis		Jianshangou Bed	An ostracod
Mantelliana	M. sp.		Jianshangou Bed	An ostracod
"Mongolarachne"	"M." chaoyangensis		Dawangzhangzi Beds	Junior synonym of Palaeocambarus^[101]
Mongolianella	M. cf. palmosa		Jianshangou Bed	An ostracod
Palaeocambarus	P. licenti			A crayfish^[102]
Rhinocyrpis	R. jurassica		Jianshangou Bed	An ostracod
Timiriasevia	T. jianshangouensis		Jianshangou Bed	An ostracod
?Yanjiestheria	Y.? beipiaoensis	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	A clam shrimp
Yanshania	Y. dabeigouensis		Jianshangou Bed	An ostracod

Dragonflies (Odonata) edit

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

The dragonfly species listed below follow a review compiled by Zhang, Ren and Panf in 2008, unless otherwise noted.^[103]

Genus	Species	County	Member	Abundance	Notes	Images
Abrohemeroscopus	A. mengi				A dragonfly	Sinaeschnidia sp.
Aeschnidium	A. heishankowense				Reclassified as Sinaeschnidia heishankowense^[104]
Aeschnidium	A. sp.				Reclassified as Sinaeschnidia heishankowense^[104]
Archaeogomphus	A. labius			Nymphs^[104]	Reclassified as Yixiangomphus labius,^[105] which is a junior synonym of Sinaeschnidia cancellosa^[104]
Bellabrunetia	B. catherinae				A dragonfly
Chrysogomphus	C. beipiaoensis				A dragonfly
Dissurus	D. liaoyuanensis^[105]			Poorly preserved nymph^[104]	Reclassified as Sinaeschnidia cf. cancellosa^[104]
Dracontaeschnidium	D. orientale				A dragonfly
Hebeiaeschnidia	H. fengningensis				A dragonfly
Huaxiagomphus	H. taushanensis				A dragonfly^[105]
Liogomphus	L. yixianensis				A dragonfly
Mesocordulia	M. boreala				A corduliid dragonfly^[94]
Palaeogomphus	P. labius				A dragonfly, reclassified as of Yixiangomphus labius,^[105] which is a junior synonym of Sinaeschnidia cancellosa^[104]
Parapetala	P. liaoningensis				A dragonfly
Parapetala	P. yixianensis		Jianshangou Unit^[106]
Protoliupanshania	P. wangi		Jianshangou Unit^[106]		A liupanshaniid dragonfly
Pseudocymatophlebia	P. bisecta	Ningcheng County^[107]		A well-preserved specimen.^[107]	An aktassiid dragonfly
Pseudoliupanshania	P. magnanicellula		Jianshangou Unit^[106]
Pseudosamarura	P. largina^[89]			One specimen, nymph^[104]	Reclassified as Sinaeschnidia cf. cancellosa^[104]
Rudiaeschna	R. limnobia				An aeshnid dragonfly^[94]
Sinaeschnidia	S. heishankowense		Jianshangou & Dawangzhangzi Beds	Adults and nymphs^[104]
	S. cancellosa^[104]				Junior synonym of S. heishankowense^[108]
	S. sp.			Indeterminate nymph specimens^[104]	Some nymph specimens have been given their own genera and species though probably belong so S. heishankowense but too poorly preserved to be certain^[104]
Sinogomphus	S. taoshanensis				A dragonfly
Sinojagoria	S. imperfecta				A dragonfly
Sopholibellula	S. amoena				Dragonflies
Sopholibellula	S. eleganti				Dragonflies
Stylaeschnidium	S. rarum				A dragonfly
Telmaeshna	T. paradoxica	Beipiao			A dragonfly
Turanophlebia	T. liaoningensis	Beipiao^[109]	Jianshangou Unit^[109]		A tarsophlebiid dragonfly.
Yixiangomphus	Y. labius			Nymphs^[104]	Junior synonym of Sinaeschnidia cancellosa^[104]

Flies (Diptera) edit

Genus	Species	Member	Notes
Alleremonomus	A. xingi	Jianshangou Bed	A brachyceran fly
Atalosciophila	A. yanensis		A mycetophilid gnat^[110]
Chironomaptera	C. gregaria		A phantom midge
Gigantoberis	G. liaoningensis		A soldier fly^[111]
Lichnoplecia	L. kovalevi		A protopleciid fly^[112]
Palaepangonius	P. eupterus		A horse-fly^[94]
Protapiocera	P. megista		An asiloid fly^[94]
Protempis	P. minuta		A brachyceran fly^[94]
Protonemestrius	P. jurassicus		A tangle-veined fly^[94]

Wasps (Hymenoptera) edit

Genus	Species	County	Member	Notes
Abropelecinus	A. annulatus	Beipiao		An iscopinine pelecinid^[113]
Angaridyela	A. robusta		Jianshangou Bed	A sawfly
Azygopelecinus	A. clavatus	Beipiao		An iscopinine pelecinid^[113]
Chengdeserphus	C. petidatus			A proctotrupid wasp^[94]
Cretevania	C. exquisita	Beipiao		Hatchet wasps^[114]
	C. pristine		Jianshangou bed
	C. vesca
Hoplitolyda	H. duolunica			The largest known sawfly ever^[115]
Liaotoma	L. linearis			A xyelotomid woodwasp^[94]
Manlaya	M. flexuosus			An aulacid woodwasp^[94]
Procretevania	P. exquisita			Reclassified as Cretevania spp.^[116]
	P. pristine
	P. vesca
Rudisiricius	R. belli			Praesiricid sawflies^[117]
	R. celsus
	R. crassinodus
Scolichneumon	S. rectivenius			An ichneumonoid wasp^[94]
Sinopelecinus	S. viriosus			A pelecinid^[113]
Tanychora	T. exquisita		Jianshangou Bed	An ichneumon wasp

Other insects edit

Genus	Species	County	Member	Notes	Images
Abrigramma	A. calophleba			A kalligrammatid lacewing^[118]
Alloraphidia	A. bliquivenatica^[89]			Snakeflies
Alloraphidia	A. longistigmasa		Jianshangou Bed	Snakeflies
Archeraphidia	A. shangyuanensis			A snakefly^[89]
Baissopterus	B. liaoningensis			A snakefly^[89]
Caenoephemera	C. shangyuanensis		Jianshangou Bed	A mayfly^[89]
Caloraphidia	C. glossophylla			A snakefly^[94]
Choromyrmeleon	C. othneius			An antlion^[94]
Circulaboilus	C. aureus			A grig^[119]
Cretophasmomima	C. melanogramma			A stick insect^[120]	Cretophasmomima, a stick insect
?Ephemeropsis	?E. trisetalis		Jianshangou and Jingangshan beds	A mayfly. Chinese specimens probably represent species of Epicharmeropsis^[121]
Epicharmeropsis	E. hexavenulosus^[121]	Pingquan		Mayflies
Epicharmeropsis	E. quadrivenulosus^[121]	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	Mayflies
Hagiphasma	H. paradoxa		Jianshangou Bed	A stick insect
Ilerdocossus	I. beipiaoensis			Palaeontinid hemipterans^[122]^[123]
	I. exiguus
	I. exquisitus
	I. fengningensis
	I. hui
	I. pingquanensis
Ithigramma	I. multinervia			Kalligrammatid lacewings^[118]
Kalligramma	K. liaoningensis		Jianshangou Bed	Kalligrammatid lacewings^[118]
Karatavoblatta	K. formosa			A cockroach^[89]
Liaoaphidia	L. fornicata			A snakefly^[89]
Liaonemobius	L. tanae			A sword-tail cricket^[94]
Longicellochrysa	L. yixiana			A mesochrysopid lacewing^[124]
Mesascalaphus	M. yangi			An owlfly^[94]
Mesolygaeus	M. laiyangensis			A water bug^[89]
Metabittacus	M. colosseus		Jianshangou Bed	A scorpionfly^[125]
Miracossus	M. gongi			Palaeontinid hemipterans^[122]
Miracossus	M. ingentius			Palaeontinid hemipterans^[122]
Nipponoblatta	N. acerba		Jianshangou Bed	A cockroach
Oloberotha	O. sinica			A beaded lacewing^[94]
Oregramma	O. aureolosa			Kalligrammatid lacewings^[118]
Oregramma	O. illecebrosa			Kalligrammatid lacewings^[118]
Pseudopulex	P. magnus			Stem-fleas^[126]^[127]
Pseudopulex	P. tanlan			Stem-fleas^[126]^[127]
Renphasma	R. sinica			A stick insect^[128]
Saurophthirus	S. exquisitus			Stem-fleas^[129]
Saurophthirus	S. laevigatus			Stem-fleas^[129]
Sinochresmoda	S. magnicornia			A chresmodid water-skiing insect^[130]
Sinosharaperla	S. zhaoi	Beipiao		A stonefly^[131]
Sinoviparosiphum	S. lini			An aphid^[94]
Sophogramma	S. lii		Jianshangou Bed	Kalligrammatid lacewings^[132]^[118]
Sophogramma	S. pingquanica			Kalligrammatid lacewings^[132]^[118]
Tetraphelerus	T. laetus			A moth^[89]
Tyrannopsylla	T. beipiaoensis			A stem-flea^[133]
Varicapitatus	V. sinuolatus	"Huangbanjigou, Chaomidian Village, Beipiao City."^[134]		A hemipteran
Unnamed Vitimotauliidae	Unnamed			A caddisfly pupa, likely belonging to the Vitimotauliidae^[135]

Molluscs edit

Genus	Species	Member	Notes
Amplovalvata	A. sp.	Jianshangou Bed	A gastropod
Arguniella	A. lingyuanensis	Jianshangou Bed	A bivalve, also present in the Jiufotang and Fuxin Formations
Arguniella	A. yanshanensis	Jianshangou Bed	A bivalve, also present in the Jiufotang Formation
Bithynia	B. haizhouensis	Jingangshan Bed	A gastropod
Corbicula	C. anderssoni	Jianshangou Bed	Reclassified as Sphaerium anderssoni
Corbicula	C. jeholense	Jianshangou Bed	Reclassified as Sphaerium jeholense
Gyraulus	G. sp.	Jianshangou Bed	A ramshorn snail
Probaicalia	P. vitimensis	Jianshangou Bed	A gastropod
Ptychastylus	P. harpaeformis	Jianshangou Bed	Gastropods
Ptychastylus	P. cf. phillipi	Jianshangou Bed	Gastropods
Sphaerium	S. anderssoni	Jianshangou Bed	A fingernail clam, also present in the Jiufotang Formation
	S. jeholense		Junior synonym of S. anderssoni
	S. selenginense		Junior synonym of S. anderssoni
?Viviparus	V.? cf. matsumotoi	Jingangshan Bed	A snail

Flora of the Yixian Formation edit

Conifers edit

The coniferous trees and shrubs listed below were compiled in a survey by Wang and colleagues in 2006, unless otherwise noted.^[136]

Genus	Species	Member	Notes
Brachyphyllum			A cypress-like conifer
Cephalotaxopsis			A yew
Cunninghamia			A cypress
Elatides			A cypress
Elatocladus	E. leptophyllus		Conifers of uncertain classification
Elatocladus	E. manchurica^[15]		Conifers of uncertain classification
Liaoningocladus	L. boii	Jingangshan Bed	A conifer of uncertain classification
Pagiophyllum			A cypress-like conifer
Pityocladus			A pine
Pityolepis	P. sp.^[15]		A pine
Pityophyllum	P. cf. lindstroemi^[15]		A pine
Pityostrobus			A pine
Podozamites	P. lanceolatus^[15]		A conifer of uncertain classification
Schizolepis	S. jeholensis^[15]
?Sequoia	S.? jeholensis^[15]
Taxus			A yew
Torreya			A yew
Yanliaoia	Y. sinensis^[15]

Ferns edit

Genus	Species	Notes
Cladophlebis	C. spp.^[15]
Coniopteris	C. sp.^[15]
Onychiopsis	O. elongata^[15]	Junior synonym of O. psilotoides
Onychiopsis	O. psilotoides^[15]
?Ruffordia	R.? sp.^[15]

Flowering plants edit

Genus	Species	County	Member	Notes	Images
Archaefructus	A. eoflora		Jianshangou Bed	A primitive, aquatic angiosperm	Archaefructus
	A. liaoningensis		Jianshangou Bed
	A. sinensisis		Dawangzhangzi Bed
Callianthus	C. dilae^[137]	Liaoning		A plant with true flowers
?Davallia	D.? niehhutzuensis^[15]
Erenia	E. stenoptera^[137]	Liaoning		Actually a specimen of Callianthus
Leefructus	L. mirus^[138]			A eudicot
Liaoxia	L. chenii^[15]
?Potamogeton	P.? jeholensis^[15]
Ranunculus	R. jeholensis^[15]			Junior synonym of Potamogeton jeholensis
Sinocarpus	S. decussatus			A primitive eudicot

Ginkgos edit

Genus	Species	County	Member	Abundance	Notes	Images
Baiera	B. cf. gracilis^[15]
Baiera	B. orientalis^[15]
Czekanowskia	C. rigida^[15]
Ginkgo	G. apodes^[139]
Ginkgoites	G. sibiricus^[15]
Leptostrobus	L. sp.^[15]
?Nageiopsis	N.? sp.^[15]
Phoenicopsis	P. cf. augustifolia^[15]
Solenites	S. sp.^[15]
Sphenobaiera	S. longifola^[15]

Other plants edit

Genus	Species	County	Member	Notes
Chaoyangia	C. liangii^[140]			A gnetale gymnosperm
Chaoyangicarpus	C. liangii^[15]			Junior synonym of Chaoyangia liangii
Ephedra	E. sp.			A gymnosperm
Equisetum	E. sp.			A horsetail
Eragrosites	E. changii^[140]			A grass-like gnetale gymnosperm
Siphonospermum	S. simplex^[141]	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	A gnetale gymnosperm
Tyrmia	T. sp.^[15]			A cycad

References edit

^ Zhong, Yuting; Huyskens, Magdalena H; Yin, Qing-Zhu; Wang, Yaqiong; Ma, Qiang; Xu, Yi-Gang (2021-04-12). "High-precision geochronological constraints on the duration of 'Dinosaur Pompeii' and the Yixian Formation". National Science Review. 8 (6): nwab063. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwab063. ISSN 2095-5138. PMC 8288181. PMID 34691675.
^ Wang, X.; You, H.; Meng, Q.; Gao, C.; Chang, X.; Liu, J. (2007). "Dongbeititan dongi, the first sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning Province, China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 81 (6): 911–916. Bibcode:2007AcGlS..81..911W. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb01013.x. S2CID 128812879.
^ ^a ^b Barrett, P.M.; Wang, X. (2007). "Basal titanosauriform (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) teeth from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China" (PDF). Palaeoworld. 16 (4): 265–271. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2007.07.001.
^ Chang-fu Zhou; Wen-hao Wu; Toru Sekiya; Zhi-ming Dong (2018). "A new Titanosauriformes dinosaur from Jehol Biota of western Liaoning, China". Global Geology. 37 (2): 327–333. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5589.2018.02.001.
^ Mo, Jinyou; Ma, Feimin; Yu, Yilun; Xu, Xing (2022-12-09). "A New Titanosauriform Sauropod with An Unusual Tail from the Lower Cretaceous of Northeastern China". Cretaceous Research. 144: 105449. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105449. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 254524890.
^ ^a ^b ^c Xu, X.; Norell, M.A. (2006). "Non-Avian dinosaur fossils from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning, China". Geological Journal. 41 (3–4): 419–437. doi:10.1002/gj.1044. S2CID 32369205.
^ Yang, Yuqing; Wu, Wenhao; Dieudonné, Paul-Emile; Godefroit, Pascal (2020-09-08). "A new basal ornithopod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China". PeerJ. 8: e9832. doi:10.7717/peerj.9832. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 7485509. PMID 33194351.
^ "Table 18.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 395.
^ "Table 19.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 416.
^ "Table 22.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 480.
^ "Table 17.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 367.
^ ^a ^b Min Wang; Zhiheng Li; Qingguo Liu; Zhonghe Zhou (2020). "Two new Early Cretaceous ornithuromorph birds provide insights into the taxonomy and divergence of Yanornithidae (Aves: Ornithothoraces)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (21): 1805–1827. Bibcode:2020JSPal..18.1805W. doi:10.1080/14772019.2020.1836050. S2CID 229320421.
^ Zhou, Zhonghe; Zhang, Fucheng (2006). "A beaked basal ornithurine bird (Aves, Ornithurae) from the Lower Cretaceous of China". Zoologica Scripta. 35 (4): 363–373. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00234.x. S2CID 85222311.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 211.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad Smith, J.B., Harris, J.D., Omar, G.I., Dodson, P. and You, H. (2001). "Biostratigraphy and avian origins in northeastern China. Appendix: Biota of the Yixian Formation and the endemicity of its taxa." In Gauthier, J. and Gall, L.F. (eds.), New Perspectives on the Origin and Early Evolution of Birds: Proceedings of the International Symposium in Honor of John H. Ostrom. New Haven: Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University. ISBN 0-912532-57-2.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 212.
^ Zhang, Zihui; Gao, Chunling; Meng, Qingjin; Liu, Jinyuan; Hou, Lianhai; Zheng, Guangmei (2009). "Diversification in an Early Cretaceous avian genus: evidence from a new species of Confuciusornis from China". Journal of Ornithology. 150 (4): 783–790. doi:10.1007/s10336-009-0399-x. S2CID 21418230.
^ Zihui, Zhang; Lianhai, HOU; Yoshikasu, Hasegawa; O'Connor, Jingmai; Martin, Larry D.; Chiappe, Luis M. (2010). "The first Mesozoic heterodactyl bird from China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 80 (5): 631–635. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2006.tb00285.x. S2CID 129069702.
^ "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 213.
^ Xiaoting Zheng; Jingmai K. O'Connor; Xiaoli Wang; Yan Wang; Zhonghe Zhou (2018). "Reinterpretation of a previously described Jehol bird clarifies early trophic evolution in the Ornithuromorpha". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 285 (1871): 20172494. doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.2494. PMC 5805944. PMID 29386367.
^ Hou, L.H., Zhou, Z.H., Zhang, F.C., et al. (2002). "Mesozoic Birds from Western Liaoning." In China Shenyang, China: Liaoning Science and Technology Publishing House
^ Ji; Ji, Ji; Zhang, You; Zhang, Wang; Yuan (2002). "A new avialian bird - Jixiangornis orientalis gen. et sp. nov. - from the Lower Cretaceous of Western Liaoning, NE China". Journal of Nanjing University (Natural Sciences). 38 (6): 723–736.
^ ^a ^b Chiappe, L. M.; Zhao, B.; O'Connor, J. K.; Chunling, G.; Wang, X.; Habib, M.; Marugan-Lobon, J.; Meng, Q.; Cheng, X. (2014). "A new specimen of the Early Cretaceous bird Hongshanornis longicresta: Insights into the aerodynamics and diet of a basal ornithuromorph". PeerJ. 2: e234. doi:10.7717/peerj.234. PMC 3898307. PMID 24482756.
^ ^a ^b O'Connor, J.K.; Gao, K.-Q.; Chiappe, L.M. (2010). "A new ornithuromorph (Aves: Ornithothoraces) bird from the Jehol Group indicative of higher-level diversity" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (2): 311–321. Bibcode:2010JVPal..30..311O. doi:10.1080/02724631003617498. S2CID 53489175.
^ ^a ^b ^c Jin, Fan; Zhang, Fucheng; Li, Zhiheng; Zhang, Jiangyong; Li, Chun; Zhou, Zhonghe (2008). "On the horizon of Protopteryx and the early vertebrate fossil assemblages of the Jehol Biota". Chinese Science Bulletin. 53 (18): 2820–2827. Bibcode:2008SciBu..53.2820J. doi:10.1007/s11434-008-0209-5. S2CID 133507763.
^ "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 214.
^ O'Connor, J.K. (2012). "A revised look at Liaoningornis longidigitris (Aves)". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 50 (1): 25–37.
^ ^a ^b Chiappe, L.M.; Ji, S.; Ji, Q. (2007). "Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny". American Museum Novitates (3594): 1. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3594[1:JBFTEC]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5890. S2CID 85871695.
^ ^a ^b Wang, Min; O'Connor, Jingmai K; Bailleul, Alida M; Li, Zhiheng (2020-06-01). "Evolution and distribution of medullary bone: evidence from a new Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird". National Science Review. 7 (6): 1068–1078. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwz214. ISSN 2095-5138. PMC 8289052. PMID 34692126.
^ O'Connor, Jingmai K.; Wang, X.; Chiappe, L.M.; Gao, C.; Meng, Q.; Cheng, X.; Liu, J. (2009). "Phylogenetic support for a specialized clade of Cretaceous enantiornithine birds with information from a new species". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (1): 188–204. Bibcode:2009JVPal..29..188O. doi:10.1080/02724634.2009.10010371. S2CID 196607241.
^ Gao, C.; Chiappe, L.M.; Meng, Q.; O'Connor, J.K.; Wang, X.; Cheng, X.; Liu, J. (2008). "A new basal lineage of Early Cretaceous birds from China and its implications on the evolution of the avian tail". Palaeontology. 51 (4): 775–791. Bibcode:2008Palgy..51..775G. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00793.x. S2CID 85431224.
^ "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 76.
^ Zhang, Fucheng; Kearns, Stuart L.; Orr, Patrick J.; Benton, Michael J.; Zhou, Zhonghe; Johnson, Diane; Xu, Xing; Wang, Xiaolin (2010). "Fossilized melanosomes and the colour of Cretaceous dinosaurs and birds" (PDF). Nature. 463 (7284): 1075–1078. Bibcode:2010Natur.463.1075Z. doi:10.1038/nature08740. PMID 20107440. S2CID 205219587.
^ Shu'an, JI; Chunling, GAO; Jinyuan, LIU; Qingjin, Meng; Qiang, JI (2007). "New material of Sinosauropteryx (Theropoda: Compsognathidae) from Western Liaoning, China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 81 (2): 177–182. Bibcode:2007AcGlS..81..177J. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb00942.x. S2CID 131019046.
^ ^a ^b Gang Han; Luis M. Chiappe; Shu-An Ji; Michael Habib; Alan H. Turner; Anusuya Chinsamy; Xueling Liu & Lizhuo Han (15 July 2014). "A new raptorial dinosaur with exceptionally long feathering provides insights into dromaeosaurid flight performance". Nature Communications. 5, Article number: 4382: 4382. Bibcode:2014NatCo...5.4382H. doi:10.1038/ncomms5382. PMID 25025742. S2CID 205327789.
^ ^a ^b "Table 10.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 198.
^ Azuma, (2005). The Flying Dinosaurs: Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum. 118 pp.
^ Lü, Junchang; Brusatte, Stephen L. (2015). "A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution". Scientific Reports. 5: Article number 11775. Bibcode:2015NatSR...511775L. doi:10.1038/srep11775. PMC 4504142. PMID 26181289.
^ ^a ^b ^c Xu, Xing; Qin, Zi-Chuan (2017). "A new tiny dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning and niche differentiation among the Jehol dromaeosaurids" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-04-13.
^ Senter, Phil (2011). "Using creation science to demonstrate evolution 2: morphological continuity within Dinosauria (supporting information)". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 24 (10): 2197–2216. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02349.x. PMID 21726330. S2CID 41172539.
^ Alan Hamilton Turner, Peter J. Makovicky and Mark Norell (2012). "A review of dromaeosaurid systematics and paravian phylogeny". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 371: 1–206. doi:10.1206/748.1. hdl:2246/6352. S2CID 83572446.
^ Jin Liyong, Chen Jun and Pascal Godefroit (2012). "A New Basal Ornithomimosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation, Northeast China". In Godefroit, P. (ed.). Bernissart Dinosaurs and Early Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems. Indiana University Press. pp. 467–487.
^ "Table 5.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 138.
^ ^a ^b "Table 8.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 166.
^ Zhou, Wang; Zhang; Xu (2000). "Important features of Caudipteryx - evidence from two nearly complete new specimens" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica (in Chinese). 38 (4): 241–254.
^ Ji Qiang; Lü Jun-Chang; Wei Xue-Fang; Wang Xu-Ri (2012). "A new oviraptorosaur from the Yixian Formation of Jianchang, Western Liaoning Province, China". Regional Geology of China (12): 2102–2107.
^ "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 216.
^ Xu, X.; Zheng, X.; You, H. (2010). "Exceptional dinosaur fossils show ontogenetic development of early feathers". Nature. 464 (7293): 1338–1341. Bibcode:2010Natur.464.1338X. doi:10.1038/nature08965. PMID 20428169. S2CID 205220207.
^ Rui Qiu; Xiaolin Wang; Qiang Wang; Ning Li; Jialiang Zhang; Yiyun Ma (2019). "A new caudipterid from the Lower Cretaceous of China with information on the evolution of the manus of Oviraptorosauria". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): Article number 6431. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9.6431Q. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42547-6. PMC 6483983. PMID 31024012.
^ "Table 7.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 152.
^ Pu, Hanyong; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Lü, Junchang; Xu, Li; Wu, Yanhua; Chang, Huali; Zhang, Jiming; Jia, Songhai (2013-05-29). "An Unusual Basal Therizinosaur Dinosaur with an Ornithischian Dental Arrangement from Northeastern China". PLOS ONE. 8 (5): e63423. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...863423P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063423. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3667168. PMID 23734177.
^ Shen, Caizhi; Lü, Junchang; Liu, Sizhao; Kundrát, Martin; Brusatte, Stephen L.; Gao, Hailong (2017-06-01). "A New Troodontid Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China" (PDF). Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 91 (3): 763–780. Bibcode:2017AcGlS..91..763S. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.13307. hdl:20.500.11820/dc010682-fce0-4db4-bef6-7b2b29f5be8a. ISSN 1755-6724. S2CID 129939153.
^ Xu, Xing; Currie, Philip; Pittman, Michael; Xing, Lida; Meng, Qingjin; Lü, Junchang; Hu, Dongyu; Yu, Congyu (2017-05-02). "Mosaic evolution in an asymmetrically feathered troodontid dinosaur with transitional features". Nature Communications. 8: ncomms14972. Bibcode:2017NatCo...814972X. doi:10.1038/ncomms14972. PMC 5418581. PMID 28463233.
^ "Table 9.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 185.
^ White, Matt (2009). "The subarctometatarsus: intermediate metatarsus architecture demonstrating the evolution of the arctometatarsus and advanced agility in theropod dinosaurs". Alcheringa. 33 (1): 1–21. Bibcode:2009Alch...33....1W. doi:10.1080/03115510802618193. S2CID 85276956.
^ Xu, Xu; Norell, M. (2006). "Non-avian dinosaur fossils from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning, China". Geological Journal. 41 (3–4): 419–437. doi:10.1002/gj.1044. S2CID 32369205.
^ Hwang; Norell; Ji; Gao (2004). "A new troodontid from the lower Yixian Formation of China and its affinities to Mongolian troodontids". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 24 (3): 73A–74A.
^ Xing, L.D.; Harris, J.D.; Feng, X.Y.; Zhang, Z.J. (2009). "Theropod (Dinosauria: Saurischia) tracks from Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation at Sihetun Village, Liaoning Province, China and possible track makers". Geological Bulletin of China. 28 (6): 705–712.
^ Wang, X.; Zhou, Z.; He, H.; Jin, F.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, J.; Xu, X.; Zhang, F.; et al. (2005). "Stratigraphy and age of the Daohugou Bed in Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia". Chinese Science Bulletin. 50 (20): 2369–2376. Bibcode:2005ChSBu..50.2369W. doi:10.1007/BF03183749. S2CID 198142479.
^ Xu, X.; Wang, K.; Zhang, K.; Ma, Q.; Xing, L.; Sullivan, C.; Hu, D.; Cheng, S.; Wang, S.; et al. (2012). "A gigantic feathered dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China" (PDF). Nature. 484 (7392): 92–95. Bibcode:2012Natur.484...92X. doi:10.1038/nature10906. PMID 22481363. S2CID 29689629. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-17.
^ Xing, L.; Bell, P.R.; Currie, P.J.; Shibata, M.; Tseng, K.; Dong, Z. (2012). "A sauropod rib with an embedded theropod tooth: direct evidence for feeding behaviour in the Jehol group, China". Lethaia. 45 (4): 500–506. Bibcode:2012Letha..45..500X. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2012.00310.x.
^ Zhao, Q.; Xu, X. (2008). "A new Theropod from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28 (3): 164A. doi:10.1080/02724634.2008.10010459. S2CID 220405736.
^ Wang, X.; Zhou, Z. (2006). "Pterosaur assemblages of the Jehol Biota and their implication for the Early Cretaceous pterosaur radiation". Geological Journal. 41 (3–4): 405–418. Bibcode:2006GeolJ..41..405X. doi:10.1002/gj.1046. S2CID 131602205.
^ Zhou, C (2009). "New material of Elanodactylus prolatus Andres & Ji, 2008 (Pterosauria: Pterodactyloidea) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 255 (3): 277–286. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2009/0022.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Jiang, S.; Wang, X. (2011). "A new ctenochasmatid pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous, western Liaoning, China" (PDF). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 83 (4): 1243–1249. doi:10.1590/s0001-37652011000400011. PMID 22146956.
^ Lü, J.C.; B.K. Zhang (2005). "New pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning". Geological Review. 51 (4): 458–462.
^ Zhang, Xinjun; Jiang, Shunxing; Kellner, Alexander W. A.; Cheng, Xin; Costa, Fabiana R.; Wang, Xiaolin (2023-09-01). "A new species of Eopteranodon (Pterodactyloidea, Tapejaridae) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China". Cretaceous Research. 149: 105573. Bibcode:2023CrRes.14905573Z. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105573. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 258531568.
^ Wang X., 2008, "Order Pterosauria" In: Li J., Wu X., Zhnag F. eds. Chinese Fossil Reptiles and their Kin 2nd edition, Science Press, Beijing p. 215–234
^ Hone, David W. E.; Fitch, Adam J.; Ma, Feimin; Xu, Xing (2020-03-04). "An unusual new genus of istiodactylid pterosaur from China based on a near complete specimen". Palaeontologia Electronica. 23 (1): 1–43. doi:10.26879/1015. ISSN 1094-8074. S2CID 243055980.
^ Lü J. (2009). "A baby pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia, China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 83 (1): 1–8. Bibcode:2009AcGlS..83....1L. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00001.x. S2CID 85074573.
^ ^a ^b Ozeki, Masanori; Unwin, David M.; Bell, Phil R.; Li, Daqing; Xing, Lida (2023-06-26). "A new pterosaur specimen from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China: The oldest fossil record of Nurhachius". Historical Biology: 1–14. doi:10.1080/08912963.2023.2222127. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 259677697.
^ Lu, J. (2010). "A new boreopterid pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, northeastern China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 24 (2): 241–246. Bibcode:2010AcGlS..84..241L. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00204.x. S2CID 140600398.
^ Witton, Mark P. (2013). Pterosaurs: natural history, evolution, anatomy. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-4765-5. OCLC 842919760.
^ Evans, S.E.; Wang, Y. (2010). "A new lizard (Reptilia: Squamata) with exquisite preservation of soft tissue from the Lower Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (1): 81–95. Bibcode:2010JSPal...8...81E. doi:10.1080/14772010903537773. S2CID 56046960.
^ ^a ^b Chen, P.; Wang, Q.; Zhang, H.; Cao, M.; Li, W.; Wu, S.; Shen, Y. (2005). "Jianshangou Bed of the Yixian Formation in West Liaoning, China". Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences. 48 (3): 298–312. Bibcode:2005ScChD..48..298C. doi:10.1360/04yd0038. S2CID 130825449.
^ ^a ^b Tong, H.; Ji, S.; Ji, Q. (2004). "Ordosemys (Testudines: Cryptodira) from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, Northeastern China: New Specimens and Systematic Revision". American Museum Novitates (3438): 1–20. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2004)438<0001:OTCFTY>2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/2803. ISSN 0003-0082. S2CID 55873696.
^ Meng, J.; Hu, Y.; Li, C.; Wang, Y. (2006). "The mammal fauna in the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota: implications for diversity and biology of Mesozoic mammals". Geological Journal. 41 (3–4): 439–463. Bibcode:2006GeolJ..41..439J. doi:10.1002/gj.1054. S2CID 84397126.
^ Hu, Y.; Meng, J.; Li, C.; Wang, Y. (2010). "New basal eutherian mammal from the Early Cretaceous Jehol biota, Liaoning, China". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 277 (1679): 229–236. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0203. PMC 2842663. PMID 19419990.
^ Bi, Shundong; Zheng, Xiaoting; Wang, Xiaoli; Cignetti, Natalie E.; Yang, Shiling; Wible, John R. (2018). "An Early Cretaceous eutherian and the placental–marsupial dichotomy". Nature. 558 (7710): 390–395. Bibcode:2018Natur.558..390B. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0210-3. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 29899454. S2CID 49183466.
^ Shilin Hou & Jin Meng (2014). "A new eutriconodont mammal from the early Cretaceous Jehol Biota of Liaoning, China". Chinese Science Bulletin. 59 (5–6): 546–553. Bibcode:2014ChSBu..59..546H. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-0088-2. S2CID 129366743.
^ Smith, Thierry; Smith, Richard; Zhang, Xingliao; Xi, Yunhong; Wu, Yanhua; Ji, Qiang (2009). "A New Species of Gobiconodon (Mammalia) from Western Liaoning, China and its Implication for the Dental Formula of Gobiconodon". Acta Geologica Sinica. 83 (2): 207–211. Bibcode:2009AcGlS..83..207Y. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00035.x. S2CID 129667303.
^ Gao, CL; Wilson, GP; Luo, ZX; Maga, AM; Meng, Q; Wang, X (2010). "A new mammal skull from the Lower Cretaceous of China with implications for the evolution of obtuse-angled molars and 'amphilestid' eutriconodonts". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 277 (1679): 237–246. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1014. PMC 2842676. PMID 19726475.
^ Mao, F.; Zhang, C.; Liu, C.; Meng, J. (2021). "Fossoriality and evolutionary development in two Cretaceous mammaliamorphs". Nature. 592 (7855): 577–582. Bibcode:2021Natur.592..577M. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03433-2. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 33828300. S2CID 233183060.
^ Martin, Thomas; Ruf, Irina (2009). "On the mammalian ear". Science. 326 (5950): 243–244. Bibcode:2009Sci...326..243M. doi:10.1126/science.1181131. PMID 19815765. S2CID 26545052.
^ ^a ^b ^c Luo, Z.; Chen, P.; Li, G.; Chen, M. (2007). "A new eutriconodont mammal and evolutionary development in early mammals" (PDF). Nature. 446 (7133): 288–93. Bibcode:2007Natur.446..288L. doi:10.1038/nature05627. PMID 17361176. S2CID 4329583.
^ Zhang, J. (2007). "Two shark finspines (Hybodontoidea) from the Mesozoic of North China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 277–280. Bibcode:2007CrRes..28..277Z. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.005.
^ Dunlop, J.A., Penney, D. and Jekel, D. (2010). "A summary list of fossil spiders." In Platnick, N. I. (ed.) The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Huali, C.; Kirejtshuk, A.; Ren, D. (2010). "New Fossil Elaterids (Coleoptera: Polyphaga: Elateridae) From the Jehol Biota in China". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 103 (6): 866–874. doi:10.1603/AN09076. S2CID 55827291.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Lin, Q.B.; Huang, D.Y. (2001). "Description of Caenophemera shangyuanensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Ephemeroptera), from the Yixian Formation". The Canadian Entomologist. 133 (6): 747–754. doi:10.4039/Ent133747-6. S2CID 85742721.
^ Jia, T., Liang, H., Chang, H. and Ren, D. (2011). "A new genus and species of fossil Eodromeinae from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Trachypachidae)." Zootaxa, 2736: 63–68. pdf link Archived 2012-03-10 at the Wayback Machine
^ Bai, M.; Krell, F.T.; Ren, D.; Yang, X. (2010). "A New, Weil-Preserved Species of Glaresidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) from the Jehol Biota of China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 676–679. Bibcode:2010AcGlS..84..676M. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00229.x. S2CID 140694460.
^ ^a ^b Prokin, A.; Ren, D.; Martin, F. (2010). "New Mesozoic Water Scavenger Beetles from the Yixian Formation in China (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)". Annales Zoologici. 60 (2): 173–179. doi:10.3161/000345410X516821. S2CID 51491869.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Guo, Henan; Zhao, Yanchen; Chang, Huali; Shih, Chungkun; Ren, Dong (2022-08-13). "Two new species of Lasiosyne from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation (Coleoptera, Lasiosynidae)". Cretaceous Research. 140: 105336. Bibcode:2022CrRes.14005336G. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105336. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 251558114.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q Ren, D. (2002). "Progress in the study of Mesozoic fossil insects during the last decade in China". Acta Entomologica Sinica. 45: 234–240.
^ Liu, M.; Lu, W.; Ren, D. (2007). "A new fossil mordellid (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Mordellidae) from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning Province, China". Zootaxa. 1415: 49–56. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1415.1.6. S2CID 4494968.
^ Yue, Y.; Ren, D.; Solodovnikovb, A. (2011). "The oldest fossil species of the rove beetle subfamily Oxyporinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from the Early Cretaceous (Yixian Formation, China) and its phylogenetic significance". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 9 (4): 2. Bibcode:2011JSPal...9..467Y. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.493049. S2CID 83787190.
^ Nikolajev, G.V.; Ren, D. (2010). "New Genus of the Subfamily Geotrupinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Geotrupindae) from the Jehol Biota". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 673–675. Bibcode:2010AcGlS..84..673N. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00260.x. S2CID 83650978.
^ Yue, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Ren, D. (2010). "Three new Mesozoic Staphylinids (Coleoptera) from Liaoning, China". Cretaceous Research. 31 (1): 61–70. Bibcode:2010CrRes..31...61Y. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.09.005.
^ ^a ^b Hegna, Thomas A.; Dong, REN (2010). "Two New "Notostracans", Chenops gen. nov. and Jeholops gen. nov. (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: ?Notostraca) from the Yixian Formation, Northeastern China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 886–894. Bibcode:2010AcGlS..84..886H. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00232.x. S2CID 85023596.
^ "Crayfishes from the Jehol biota". Geodiversitas. 45 (24): 689–719. 2023.
^ Paul A. Selden; Alison N. Olcott; Matt R. Downen; Dong Ren; Chungkun Shih; Xiaodong Cheng (2019). "The supposed giant spider Mongolarachne chaoyangensis, from the Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China, is a crayfish" (PDF). Palaeoentomology. 2 (5): 515–522. doi:10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.5.15. S2CID 208124459.
^ Shen, Y., Schram, F.R. and Taylor, R.S. (2001). "Morphological variation in fossil crayfish of the Jehol biota, Liaoning Province, China and its texonomic discrimination." Chinese Science Bulletin, 46(1 ): 26–33.
^ Zhang, B. Ren; Pang, H. (2008). "Telmaeshna paradoxica gen. et sp. nov., a new fossil dragonfly (Insecta: Odonata: Anisoptera) from the Yixian Formation, Liaoning, China". Zootaxa. 1681: 62–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1681.1.6.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Zhang, J. (2000). "The discovery of aeschnidiid nymphs (Aeschnidiidae, Odonata, Insecta)". Chinese Science Bulletin. 45 (11): 1031–1038. Bibcode:2000ChSBu..45.1031Z. doi:10.1007/bf02884986. S2CID 85282862.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Lin, Q. (1994). "Cretaceous insects of China". Cretaceous Research. 15 (3): 305–316. Bibcode:1994CrRes..15..305L. doi:10.1006/cres.1994.1019.
^ ^a ^b ^c Zheng, Daran; Zhang, Xin; Zhang, Haichun; Nel, André (2022-08-13). "New Lower Cretaceous aeshnopteran dragonflies from western Liaoning, NE China (Odonata: Anisoptera)". Cretaceous Research. 140: 105324. Bibcode:2022CrRes.14005324Z. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105324. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 251558031.
^ ^a ^b Yang, Qiang; Ren, Dong; Shi, Chaofan (June 2023). "New petalurid dragonfly (Odonata: Aktassiidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of northern China". Cretaceous Research. 151: 105609. Bibcode:2023CrRes.15105609Y. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105609. S2CID 259601344.
^ Fleck, G.; Nel, A. (2003). "Revision of the Mesozoic family Aeschnidiidae (Odonata: Anisoptera)". Zoologica. 153: 1–170.
^ ^a ^b Fang, Rui; Zheng, Daran (2022-11-23). "A new tarsophlebiid dragonfly from the Lower Cretaceous of western Liaoning, NE China (Insecta: Odonatoptera, Panodonata)". Cretaceous Research. 143: 105424. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105424. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 253875737.
^ Zhang, J. (2007). "New mesosciophilid gnats (Insecta: Diptera: Mesosciophilidae) in the Daohugou biota of Inner Mongolia, China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 297–301. Bibcode:2007CrRes..28..297Z. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.007.
^ Huang, D.; Lin, Q. (2007). "A new soldier fly (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, northeast China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 317–321. Bibcode:2007CrRes..28..317H. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.006.
^ Zhang, J. (2007). "New Mesozoic Protopleciidae (Insecta: Diptera: Nematocera) from China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 289–296. Bibcode:2007CrRes..28..289Z. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.009.
^ ^a ^b ^c Feng, H.; Shih, C.; Ren, D.; Liu, C. (2011). "New male pelecinid wasps (Hymenoptera: Pelecinidae) from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning (China)". Geologica Carpathica. 61 (6): 463–468. doi:10.2478/v10096-010-0028-x. S2CID 84767798.
^ Zhang, H.; Rasnitsyn, A.P.; Wang, D.; Zhang, Y. (2007). "Some hatchet wasps (Hymenoptera, Evaniidae) from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 310–316. Bibcode:2007CrRes..28..310Z. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.003.
^ Gao, Taiping; Shih, Chungkun; Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P.; Ren, Dong (2013-05-03). "Hoplitolyda duolunica gen. et sp. nov. (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Praesiricidae), the Hitherto Largest Sawfly from the Mesozoic of China". PLOS ONE. 8 (5): e62420. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...862420G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062420. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3643952. PMID 23671596.
^ Enrique Peñalver; Jaime Ortega-Blanco; André Nel; Xavier Delclòs (2010). "Mesozoic Evaniidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in Spanish Amber: Reanalysis of the Phylogeny of the Evanioidea". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 809–827. Bibcode:2010AcGlS..84..809P. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00257.x. S2CID 83716591.
^ Gao, T.; Rasnitsyn, A.P.; Ren, D.; Shih, C. (2010). "The first Praesiricidae (Hymenoptera) from Northeast China". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 46 (1–2): 148–153. doi:10.1080/00379271.2010.10697650. S2CID 88390334.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Yang, Qiang; Wang, Yongjie; Labandeira, Conrad C.; Shih, Chungkun; Ren, Dong (2014-06-09). "Mesozoic lacewings from China provide phylogenetic insight into evolution of the Kalligrammatidae (Neuroptera)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 14 (1): 126. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-126. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 4113026. PMID 24912379.
^ Li, L.-M.; Ren, D.; Wang, Z.-H. (2007). "New Prophalangopsids from Late Mesozoic of China (Orthoptera, Prophalangopsidae, Aboilinae)". Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica. 32 (2): 412–422.
^ Wang, Maomin; Béthoux, Olivier; Bradler, Sven; Jacques, Frédéric M. B.; Cui, Yingying; Ren, Dong (2014-03-19). Srygley, Robert B. (ed.). "Under Cover at Pre-Angiosperm Times: A Cloaked Phasmatodean Insect from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota". PLOS ONE. 9 (3): e91290. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...991290W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091290. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3960115. PMID 24646906.
^ ^a ^b ^c Huang, J.; Ren, D.; Sinitshenkova, N. D.; Shih, C. (2007). "New genus and species of Hexagenitidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Yixian Formation, China". Zootaxa. 1629: 39–50. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1629.1.3. S2CID 85843454.
^ ^a ^b Menon, F.; Heads, S.W.; Martill, D.M. (2005). "New Palaeontinidae (Insecta: Cicadomorpha) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 26 (6): 837–844. Bibcode:2005CrRes..26..837M. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2005.05.005.
^ Li, Yuling; Chen, Jun; Wang, Bo (2019-03-01). "New Cretaceous palaeontinids (Insecta, Hemiptera) from northeast China". Cretaceous Research. 95: 130–137. Bibcode:2019CrRes..95..130L. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.11.007. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 134455637.
^ Ren, D.; Makarkin, V.N.; Yang, Q. (2010). "A new fossil genus of Mesochrysopidae (Neuroptera) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China". Zootaxa. 2523: 50–56. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2523.1.3. S2CID 73522770.
^ Chen, Peiji; Wang, Qifei; Zhang, Haichun; Cao, Meizhen; Li, Wenben; Wu, Shunqing; Shen, Yanbin. "论义县组尖山沟层（Jianshangou Bed of the Yixian Formation in West Liaoning, China）" (in Chinese).
^ Gao, Taiping; Shih, Chungkun; Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P.; Xu, Xing; Wang, Shuo; Ren, Dong (2014-08-27). "The first flea with fully distended abdomen from the Early Cretaceous of China". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 14 (1): 168. doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0168-1. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 4154525. PMID 25158612.
^ Gao, Tai-ping; Shih, Chung-kun; Xu, Xing; Wang, Shuo; Ren, Dong (2012). "Mid-Mesozoic Flea-like Ectoparasites of Feathered or Haired Vertebrates". Current Biology. 22 (8): 732–735. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.03.012. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 22445298. S2CID 15965145.
^ Nel, André; Delfosse, Emmanuel (2011). "A New Chinese Mesozoic Stick Insect". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 56 (2): 429–432. doi:10.4202/app.2009.1108. ISSN 0567-7920. S2CID 84240218.
^ Zhang, Yanjie; Shih, Chungkun; Rasnitsyn, Alexandr; Ren, Dong; Gao, Taiping (2020). "A new flea from the Early Cretaceous of China". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 65. doi:10.4202/app.00680.2019. ISSN 0567-7920. S2CID 213622677.
^ Zhang, X.; Ren, D.; Pang, H.; Shih, C. (2008). "A new genus and species of Chresmodidae (Insecta: Gryllones) from Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous of Yixian Formation, Inner Mongolia, China". Zootaxa. 1702: 26–40. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1702.1.2. S2CID 83282286.
^ Liu, Y.; Sinitshenkova, N.D.; Ren, D. (2007). "A new genus and species of stonefly (Insecta: Plecoptera) from the Yixian Formation, Liaoning Province, China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 322–326. Bibcode:2007CrRes..28..322L. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.08.003.
^ Yang, Q.; Zhao, Y.; Dong, R. (2009). "An exceptionally well-preserved fossil Kalligrammatid from the Jehol Biota". Chinese Science Bulletin. 54 (10): 1732–1737. Bibcode:2009SciBu..54.1732Y. doi:10.1007/s11434-009-0284-2. S2CID 84821055.
^ Huang, DiYing; Engel, Michael S.; Cai, ChenYang; Nel, André (2013-03-25). "Mesozoic giant fleas from northeastern China (Siphonaptera): Taxonomy and implications for palaeodiversity". Chinese Science Bulletin. 58 (14): 1682–1690. Bibcode:2013ChSBu..58.1682H. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-5769-3. hdl:1808/14426. ISSN 1001-6538. S2CID 53578959.
^ Dai, Rui; Du, Sile; Ren, Dong; Yao, Yunzhi (2022-07-31). "New Cretaceous Bugs from Northeastern China Imply the Systematic Position of Pachymeridiidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)". Insects. 13 (8): 689. doi:10.3390/insects13080689. ISSN 2075-4450. PMC 9408836. PMID 36005314.
^ Davis, S.R.; Engel, M.S.; Ren, D. (2010). "A pupal caddisfly from the Early Cretaceous of China (Trichoptera)". Cretaceous Research. 31 (4): 396–399. Bibcode:2010CrRes..31..396D. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.05.001.
^ Wang, Y., Zheng, S., Yang, X., Zhang, W., and Ni, Q. (2006). "The biodiversity and palaeoclimate of conifer floras from the Early Cretaceous deposits in western Liaoning, northeast China." International Symposium on Cretaceous Major Geological Events and Earth System, 56A.
^ ^a ^b Wang, X.; Zheng, S. (2009). "The earliest normal flower from Liaoning Province, China". Journal of Integrative Plant Biology. 51 (8): 800–811. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7909.2009.00838.x. PMID 19686377.
^ Sun, G.; Dilcher, D.L.; Wang, H.; Chen, Z. (2011). "A eudicot from the Early Cretaceous of China". Nature. 471 (7340): 625–628. Bibcode:2011Natur.471..625S. doi:10.1038/nature09811. PMID 21455178. S2CID 205224036.
^ Zheng, S.; Zhou, Z. (2004). "A new Mesozoic Ginkgo from western Liaoning, China and its evolutionary significance". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 131 (1–2): 91–103. Bibcode:2004RPaPa.131...91Z. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2004.03.002.
^ ^a ^b Sun, G.; Dilcher, D.L.; Zheng, S.; Zhou, Z. (1998). "In Search of the First Flower: A Jurassic Angiosperm, Archaefructus, from Northeast China". Science. 282 (5394): 1692–1695. doi:10.1126/science.282.5394.1692. PMID 9831557.
^ Rydin, C.; Friis, E.M. (2010). "A new Early Cretaceous relative of Gnetales: Siphonospermum simplex gen. et sp. nov. from the Yixian Formation of Northeast China". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10: 1–6. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-183. PMC 2900273. PMID 20565755.

[1] Zhong, Yuting; Huyskens, Magdalena H; Yin, Qing-Zhu; Wang, Yaqiong; Ma, Qiang; Xu, Yi-Gang (2021-04-12). "High-precision geochronological constraints on the duration of 'Dinosaur Pompeii' and the Yixian Formation". National Science Review. 8 (6): nwab063. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwab063. ISSN 2095-5138. PMC 8288181. PMID 34691675.

[Wangetal07-2] Wang, X.; You, H.; Meng, Q.; Gao, C.; Chang, X.; Liu, J. (2007). "Dongbeititan dongi, the first sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning Province, China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 81 (6): 911–916. Bibcode:2007AcGlS..81..911W. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb01013.x. S2CID 128812879.

[titanosaurteeth-3] Barrett, P.M.; Wang, X. (2007). "Basal titanosauriform (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) teeth from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China" (PDF). Palaeoworld. 16 (4): 265–271. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2007.07.001.

[4] Chang-fu Zhou; Wen-hao Wu; Toru Sekiya; Zhi-ming Dong (2018). "A new Titanosauriformes dinosaur from Jehol Biota of western Liaoning, China". Global Geology. 37 (2): 327–333. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5589.2018.02.001.

[5] Mo, Jinyou; Ma, Feimin; Yu, Yilun; Xu, Xing (2022-12-09). "A New Titanosauriform Sauropod with An Unusual Tail from the Lower Cretaceous of Northeastern China". Cretaceous Research. 144: 105449. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105449. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 254524890.

[xu&norell2006-6] Xu, X.; Norell, M.A. (2006). "Non-Avian dinosaur fossils from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning, China". Geological Journal. 41 (3–4): 419–437. doi:10.1002/gj.1044. S2CID 32369205.

[7] Yang, Yuqing; Wu, Wenhao; Dieudonné, Paul-Emile; Godefroit, Pascal (2020-09-08). "A new basal ornithopod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China". PeerJ. 8: e9832. doi:10.7717/peerj.9832. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 7485509. PMID 33194351.

[table-18-1-395-8] "Table 18.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 395.

[table-19-1-416-9] "Table 19.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 416.

[table-22-1-480-10] "Table 22.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 480.

[table-17-1-367-11] "Table 17.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 367.

[:1-12] Min Wang; Zhiheng Li; Qingguo Liu; Zhonghe Zhou (2020). "Two new Early Cretaceous ornithuromorph birds provide insights into the taxonomy and divergence of Yanornithidae (Aves: Ornithothoraces)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (21): 1805–1827. Bibcode:2020JSPal..18.1805W. doi:10.1080/14772019.2020.1836050. S2CID 229320421.

[zhou&zhang2006-13] Zhou, Zhonghe; Zhang, Fucheng (2006). "A beaked basal ornithurine bird (Aves, Ornithurae) from the Lower Cretaceous of China". Zoologica Scripta. 35 (4): 363–373. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00234.x. S2CID 85222311.

[table-11-1-211-14] "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 211.

[biostrat-15] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad Smith, J.B., Harris, J.D., Omar, G.I., Dodson, P. and You, H. (2001). "Biostratigraphy and avian origins in northeastern China. Appendix: Biota of the Yixian Formation and the endemicity of its taxa." In Gauthier, J. and Gall, L.F. (eds.), New Perspectives on the Origin and Early Evolution of Birds: Proceedings of the International Symposium in Honor of John H. Ostrom. New Haven: Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University. ISBN 0-912532-57-2.

[table-11-1-212-16] "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 212.

[cfeducciai-17] Zhang, Zihui; Gao, Chunling; Meng, Qingjin; Liu, Jinyuan; Hou, Lianhai; Zheng, Guangmei (2009). "Diversification in an Early Cretaceous avian genus: evidence from a new species of Confuciusornis from China". Journal of Ornithology. 150 (4): 783–790. doi:10.1007/s10336-009-0399-x. S2CID 21418230.

[18] Zihui, Zhang; Lianhai, HOU; Yoshikasu, Hasegawa; O'Connor, Jingmai; Martin, Larry D.; Chiappe, Luis M. (2010). "The first Mesozoic heterodactyl bird from China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 80 (5): 631–635. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2006.tb00285.x. S2CID 129069702.

[table-11-1-213-19] "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 213.

[20] Xiaoting Zheng; Jingmai K. O'Connor; Xiaoli Wang; Yan Wang; Zhonghe Zhou (2018). "Reinterpretation of a previously described Jehol bird clarifies early trophic evolution in the Ornithuromorpha". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 285 (1871): 20172494. doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.2494. PMC 5805944. PMID 29386367.

[houetal2002-21] Hou, L.H., Zhou, Z.H., Zhang, F.C., et al. (2002). "Mesozoic Birds from Western Liaoning." In China Shenyang, China: Liaoning Science and Technology Publishing House

[jijietal2002-22] Ji; Ji, Ji; Zhang, You; Zhang, Wang; Yuan (2002). "A new avialian bird - Jixiangornis orientalis gen. et sp. nov. - from the Lower Cretaceous of Western Liaoning, NE China". Journal of Nanjing University (Natural Sciences). 38 (6): 723–736.

[hongshan2014-23] Chiappe, L. M.; Zhao, B.; O'Connor, J. K.; Chunling, G.; Wang, X.; Habib, M.; Marugan-Lobon, J.; Meng, Q.; Cheng, X. (2014). "A new specimen of the Early Cretaceous bird Hongshanornis longicresta: Insights into the aerodynamics and diet of a basal ornithuromorph". PeerJ. 2: e234. doi:10.7717/peerj.234. PMC 3898307. PMID 24482756.

[OGC10-24] O'Connor, J.K.; Gao, K.-Q.; Chiappe, L.M. (2010). "A new ornithuromorph (Aves: Ornithothoraces) bird from the Jehol Group indicative of higher-level diversity" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (2): 311–321. Bibcode:2010JVPal..30..311O. doi:10.1080/02724631003617498. S2CID 53489175.

[jinetal2008birds-25] Jin, Fan; Zhang, Fucheng; Li, Zhiheng; Zhang, Jiangyong; Li, Chun; Zhou, Zhonghe (2008). "On the horizon of Protopteryx and the early vertebrate fossil assemblages of the Jehol Biota". Chinese Science Bulletin. 53 (18): 2820–2827. Bibcode:2008SciBu..53.2820J. doi:10.1007/s11434-008-0209-5. S2CID 133507763.

[table-11-1-214-26] "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 214.

[oconnor2012-27] O'Connor, J.K. (2012). "A revised look at Liaoningornis longidigitris (Aves)". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 50 (1): 25–37.

[chiappeontogeny2007-28] Chiappe, L.M.; Ji, S.; Ji, Q. (2007). "Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny". American Museum Novitates (3594): 1. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3594[1:JBFTEC]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5890. S2CID 85871695.

[:0-29] Wang, Min; O'Connor, Jingmai K; Bailleul, Alida M; Li, Zhiheng (2020-06-01). "Evolution and distribution of medullary bone: evidence from a new Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird". National Science Review. 7 (6): 1068–1078. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwz214. ISSN 2095-5138. PMC 8289052. PMID 34692126.

[O'connoretal.2009-30] O'Connor, Jingmai K.; Wang, X.; Chiappe, L.M.; Gao, C.; Meng, Q.; Cheng, X.; Liu, J. (2009). "Phylogenetic support for a specialized clade of Cretaceous enantiornithine birds with information from a new species". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (1): 188–204. Bibcode:2009JVPal..29..188O. doi:10.1080/02724634.2009.10010371. S2CID 196607241.

[31] Gao, C.; Chiappe, L.M.; Meng, Q.; O'Connor, J.K.; Wang, X.; Cheng, X.; Liu, J. (2008). "A new basal lineage of Early Cretaceous birds from China and its implications on the evolution of the avian tail". Palaeontology. 51 (4): 775–791. Bibcode:2008Palgy..51..775G. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00793.x. S2CID 85431224.

[table-4-1-76-32] "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 76.

[sinocolour2010-33] Zhang, Fucheng; Kearns, Stuart L.; Orr, Patrick J.; Benton, Michael J.; Zhou, Zhonghe; Johnson, Diane; Xu, Xing; Wang, Xiaolin (2010). "Fossilized melanosomes and the colour of Cretaceous dinosaurs and birds" (PDF). Nature. 463 (7284): 1075–1078. Bibcode:2010Natur.463.1075Z. doi:10.1038/nature08740. PMID 20107440. S2CID 205219587.

[jietalnewsinosaur-34] Shu'an, JI; Chunling, GAO; Jinyuan, LIU; Qingjin, Meng; Qiang, JI (2007). "New material of Sinosauropteryx (Theropoda: Compsognathidae) from Western Liaoning, China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 81 (2): 177–182. Bibcode:2007AcGlS..81..177J. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb00942.x. S2CID 131019046.

[GangEtAl2015-35] Gang Han; Luis M. Chiappe; Shu-An Ji; Michael Habib; Alan H. Turner; Anusuya Chinsamy; Xueling Liu & Lizhuo Han (15 July 2014). "A new raptorial dinosaur with exceptionally long feathering provides insights into dromaeosaurid flight performance". Nature Communications. 5, Article number: 4382: 4382. Bibcode:2014NatCo...5.4382H. doi:10.1038/ncomms5382. PMID 25025742. S2CID 205327789.

[table-10-1-198-36] "Table 10.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 198.

[azuma2005-37] Azuma, (2005). The Flying Dinosaurs: Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum. 118 pp.

[zhenyuanlong-38] Lü, Junchang; Brusatte, Stephen L. (2015). "A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution". Scientific Reports. 5: Article number 11775. Bibcode:2015NatSR...511775L. doi:10.1038/srep11775. PMC 4504142. PMID 26181289.

[ivpp.cas.cn-39] Xu, Xing; Qin, Zi-Chuan (2017). "A new tiny dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning and niche differentiation among the Jehol dromaeosaurids" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-04-13.

[40] Senter, Phil (2011). "Using creation science to demonstrate evolution 2: morphological continuity within Dinosauria (supporting information)". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 24 (10): 2197–2216. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02349.x. PMID 21726330. S2CID 41172539.

[TurneretalBAMNH-41] Alan Hamilton Turner, Peter J. Makovicky and Mark Norell (2012). "A review of dromaeosaurid systematics and paravian phylogeny". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 371: 1–206. doi:10.1206/748.1. hdl:2246/6352. S2CID 83572446.

[Hexing-42] Jin Liyong, Chen Jun and Pascal Godefroit (2012). "A New Basal Ornithomimosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation, Northeast China". In Godefroit, P. (ed.). Bernissart Dinosaurs and Early Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems. Indiana University Press. pp. 467–487.

[table-6-1-138-43] "Table 5.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 138.

[table-8-1-166-44] "Table 8.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 166.

[caudisp-45] Zhou, Wang; Zhang; Xu (2000). "Important features of Caudipteryx - evidence from two nearly complete new specimens" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica (in Chinese). 38 (4): 241–254.

[ningyuansaurus-46] Ji Qiang; Lü Jun-Chang; Wei Xue-Fang; Wang Xu-Ri (2012). "A new oviraptorosaur from the Yixian Formation of Jianchang, Western Liaoning Province, China". Regional Geology of China (12): 2102–2107.

[table-11-1-216-47] "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 216.

[simili2-48] Xu, X.; Zheng, X.; You, H. (2010). "Exceptional dinosaur fossils show ontogenetic development of early feathers". Nature. 464 (7293): 1338–1341. Bibcode:2010Natur.464.1338X. doi:10.1038/nature08965. PMID 20428169. S2CID 205220207.

[49] Rui Qiu; Xiaolin Wang; Qiang Wang; Ning Li; Jialiang Zhang; Yiyun Ma (2019). "A new caudipterid from the Lower Cretaceous of China with information on the evolution of the manus of Oviraptorosauria". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): Article number 6431. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9.6431Q. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42547-6. PMC 6483983. PMID 31024012.

[table-7-1-138-50] "Table 7.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 152.

[51] Pu, Hanyong; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Lü, Junchang; Xu, Li; Wu, Yanhua; Chang, Huali; Zhang, Jiming; Jia, Songhai (2013-05-29). "An Unusual Basal Therizinosaur Dinosaur with an Ornithischian Dental Arrangement from Northeastern China". PLOS ONE. 8 (5): e63423. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...863423P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063423. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3667168. PMID 23734177.

[52] Shen, Caizhi; Lü, Junchang; Liu, Sizhao; Kundrát, Martin; Brusatte, Stephen L.; Gao, Hailong (2017-06-01). "A New Troodontid Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China" (PDF). Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 91 (3): 763–780. Bibcode:2017AcGlS..91..763S. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.13307. hdl:20.500.11820/dc010682-fce0-4db4-bef6-7b2b29f5be8a. ISSN 1755-6724. S2CID 129939153.

[53] Xu, Xing; Currie, Philip; Pittman, Michael; Xing, Lida; Meng, Qingjin; Lü, Junchang; Hu, Dongyu; Yu, Congyu (2017-05-02). "Mosaic evolution in an asymmetrically feathered troodontid dinosaur with transitional features". Nature Communications. 8: ncomms14972. Bibcode:2017NatCo...814972X. doi:10.1038/ncomms14972. PMC 5418581. PMID 28463233.

[table-9-1-185-54] "Table 9.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 185.

[white2009-55] White, Matt (2009). "The subarctometatarsus: intermediate metatarsus architecture demonstrating the evolution of the arctometatarsus and advanced agility in theropod dinosaurs". Alcheringa. 33 (1): 1–21. Bibcode:2009Alch...33....1W. doi:10.1080/03115510802618193. S2CID 85276956.

[xunorell2006-56] Xu, Xu; Norell, M. (2006). "Non-avian dinosaur fossils from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning, China". Geological Journal. 41 (3–4): 419–437. doi:10.1002/gj.1044. S2CID 32369205.

[hwangetal2004abs-57] Hwang; Norell; Ji; Gao (2004). "A new troodontid from the lower Yixian Formation of China and its affinities to Mongolian troodontids". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 24 (3): 73A–74A.

[xingetal2009-58] Xing, L.D.; Harris, J.D.; Feng, X.Y.; Zhang, Z.J. (2009). "Theropod (Dinosauria: Saurischia) tracks from Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation at Sihetun Village, Liaoning Province, China and possible track makers". Geological Bulletin of China. 28 (6): 705–712.

[Wangetal06-59] Wang, X.; Zhou, Z.; He, H.; Jin, F.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, J.; Xu, X.; Zhang, F.; et al. (2005). "Stratigraphy and age of the Daohugou Bed in Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia". Chinese Science Bulletin. 50 (20): 2369–2376. Bibcode:2005ChSBu..50.2369W. doi:10.1007/BF03183749. S2CID 198142479.

[yutyrannus-60] Xu, X.; Wang, K.; Zhang, K.; Ma, Q.; Xing, L.; Sullivan, C.; Hu, D.; Cheng, S.; Wang, S.; et al. (2012). "A gigantic feathered dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China" (PDF). Nature. 484 (7392): 92–95. Bibcode:2012Natur.484...92X. doi:10.1038/nature10906. PMID 22481363. S2CID 29689629. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-17.

[dongbetitan_bite-61] Xing, L.; Bell, P.R.; Currie, P.J.; Shibata, M.; Tseng, K.; Dong, Z. (2012). "A sauropod rib with an embedded theropod tooth: direct evidence for feeding behaviour in the Jehol group, China". Lethaia. 45 (4): 500–506. Bibcode:2012Letha..45..500X. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2012.00310.x.

[62] Zhao, Q.; Xu, X. (2008). "A new Theropod from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28 (3): 164A. doi:10.1080/02724634.2008.10010459. S2CID 220405736.

[wang&zhou2006-63] Wang, X.; Zhou, Z. (2006). "Pterosaur assemblages of the Jehol Biota and their implication for the Early Cretaceous pterosaur radiation". Geological Journal. 41 (3–4): 405–418. Bibcode:2006GeolJ..41..405X. doi:10.1002/gj.1046. S2CID 131602205.

[64] Zhou, C (2009). "New material of Elanodactylus prolatus Andres & Ji, 2008 (Pterosauria: Pterodactyloidea) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 255 (3): 277–286. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2009/0022.

[pterofiltrus-65] Jiang, S.; Wang, X. (2011). "A new ctenochasmatid pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous, western Liaoning, China" (PDF). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 83 (4): 1243–1249. doi:10.1590/s0001-37652011000400011. PMID 22146956.

[66] Lü, J.C.; B.K. Zhang (2005). "New pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning". Geological Review. 51 (4): 458–462.

[67] Zhang, Xinjun; Jiang, Shunxing; Kellner, Alexander W. A.; Cheng, Xin; Costa, Fabiana R.; Wang, Xiaolin (2023-09-01). "A new species of Eopteranodon (Pterodactyloidea, Tapejaridae) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China". Cretaceous Research. 149: 105573. Bibcode:2023CrRes.14905573Z. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105573. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 258531568.

[68] Wang X., 2008, "Order Pterosauria" In: Li J., Wu X., Zhnag F. eds. Chinese Fossil Reptiles and their Kin 2nd edition, Science Press, Beijing p. 215–234

[69] Hone, David W. E.; Fitch, Adam J.; Ma, Feimin; Xu, Xing (2020-03-04). "An unusual new genus of istiodactylid pterosaur from China based on a near complete specimen". Palaeontologia Electronica. 23 (1): 1–43. doi:10.26879/1015. ISSN 1094-8074. S2CID 243055980.

[LJ09-70] Lü J. (2009). "A baby pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia, China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 83 (1): 1–8. Bibcode:2009AcGlS..83....1L. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00001.x. S2CID 85074573.

[:6-71] Ozeki, Masanori; Unwin, David M.; Bell, Phil R.; Li, Daqing; Xing, Lida (2023-06-26). "A new pterosaur specimen from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China: The oldest fossil record of Nurhachius". Historical Biology: 1–14. doi:10.1080/08912963.2023.2222127. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 259677697.

[ACX10-72] Lu, J. (2010). "A new boreopterid pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, northeastern China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 24 (2): 241–246. Bibcode:2010AcGlS..84..241L. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00204.x. S2CID 140600398.

[73] Witton, Mark P. (2013). Pterosaurs: natural history, evolution, anatomy. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-4765-5. OCLC 842919760.

[evens&wang2010-74] Evans, S.E.; Wang, Y. (2010). "A new lizard (Reptilia: Squamata) with exquisite preservation of soft tissue from the Lower Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (1): 81–95. Bibcode:2010JSPal...8...81E. doi:10.1080/14772010903537773. S2CID 56046960.

[chenetal2005-75] Chen, P.; Wang, Q.; Zhang, H.; Cao, M.; Li, W.; Wu, S.; Shen, Y. (2005). "Jianshangou Bed of the Yixian Formation in West Liaoning, China". Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences. 48 (3): 298–312. Bibcode:2005ScChD..48..298C. doi:10.1360/04yd0038. S2CID 130825449.

[amnh1-76] Tong, H.; Ji, S.; Ji, Q. (2004). "Ordosemys (Testudines: Cryptodira) from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, Northeastern China: New Specimens and Systematic Revision". American Museum Novitates (3438): 1–20. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2004)438<0001:OTCFTY>2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/2803. ISSN 0003-0082. S2CID 55873696.

[mengetall2006-77] Meng, J.; Hu, Y.; Li, C.; Wang, Y. (2006). "The mammal fauna in the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota: implications for diversity and biology of Mesozoic mammals". Geological Journal. 41 (3–4): 439–463. Bibcode:2006GeolJ..41..439J. doi:10.1002/gj.1054. S2CID 84397126.

[acristatherium-78] Hu, Y.; Meng, J.; Li, C.; Wang, Y. (2010). "New basal eutherian mammal from the Early Cretaceous Jehol biota, Liaoning, China". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 277 (1679): 229–236. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0203. PMC 2842663. PMID 19419990.

[:02-79] Bi, Shundong; Zheng, Xiaoting; Wang, Xiaoli; Cignetti, Natalie E.; Yang, Shiling; Wible, John R. (2018). "An Early Cretaceous eutherian and the placental–marsupial dichotomy". Nature. 558 (7710): 390–395. Bibcode:2018Natur.558..390B. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0210-3. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 29899454. S2CID 49183466.

[80] Shilin Hou & Jin Meng (2014). "A new eutriconodont mammal from the early Cretaceous Jehol Biota of Liaoning, China". Chinese Science Bulletin. 59 (5–6): 546–553. Bibcode:2014ChSBu..59..546H. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-0088-2. S2CID 129366743.

[Yuan-81] Smith, Thierry; Smith, Richard; Zhang, Xingliao; Xi, Yunhong; Wu, Yanhua; Ji, Qiang (2009). "A New Species of Gobiconodon (Mammalia) from Western Liaoning, China and its Implication for the Dental Formula of Gobiconodon". Acta Geologica Sinica. 83 (2): 207–211. Bibcode:2009AcGlS..83..207Y. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00035.x. S2CID 129667303.

[Gao2010-82] Gao, CL; Wilson, GP; Luo, ZX; Maga, AM; Meng, Q; Wang, X (2010). "A new mammal skull from the Lower Cretaceous of China with implications for the evolution of obtuse-angled molars and 'amphilestid' eutriconodonts". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 277 (1679): 237–246. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1014. PMC 2842676. PMID 19726475.

[83] Mao, F.; Zhang, C.; Liu, C.; Meng, J. (2021). "Fossoriality and evolutionary development in two Cretaceous mammaliamorphs". Nature. 592 (7855): 577–582. Bibcode:2021Natur.592..577M. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03433-2. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 33828300. S2CID 233183060.

[Martin_&_Ruf_2009-84] Martin, Thomas; Ruf, Irina (2009). "On the mammalian ear". Science. 326 (5950): 243–244. Bibcode:2009Sci...326..243M. doi:10.1126/science.1181131. PMID 19815765. S2CID 26545052.

[yanoconodon-85] Luo, Z.; Chen, P.; Li, G.; Chen, M. (2007). "A new eutriconodont mammal and evolutionary development in early mammals" (PDF). Nature. 446 (7133): 288–93. Bibcode:2007Natur.446..288L. doi:10.1038/nature05627. PMID 17361176. S2CID 4329583.

[zhang2007shark-86] Zhang, J. (2007). "Two shark finspines (Hybodontoidea) from the Mesozoic of North China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 277–280. Bibcode:2007CrRes..28..277Z. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.005.

[dunlopetal2010-87] Dunlop, J.A., Penney, D. and Jekel, D. (2010). "A summary list of fossil spiders." In Platnick, N. I. (ed.) The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html

[huali2010-88] Huali, C.; Kirejtshuk, A.; Ren, D. (2010). "New Fossil Elaterids (Coleoptera: Polyphaga: Elateridae) From the Jehol Biota in China". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 103 (6): 866–874. doi:10.1603/AN09076. S2CID 55827291.

[lin&huang2001-89] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Lin, Q.B.; Huang, D.Y. (2001). "Description of Caenophemera shangyuanensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Ephemeroptera), from the Yixian Formation". The Canadian Entomologist. 133 (6): 747–754. doi:10.4039/Ent133747-6. S2CID 85742721.

[jiaetal2010-90] Jia, T., Liang, H., Chang, H. and Ren, D. (2011). "A new genus and species of fossil Eodromeinae from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Trachypachidae)." Zootaxa, 2736: 63–68. pdf link Archived 2012-03-10 at the Wayback Machine

[baietal2010-91] Bai, M.; Krell, F.T.; Ren, D.; Yang, X. (2010). "A New, Weil-Preserved Species of Glaresidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) from the Jehol Biota of China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 676–679. Bibcode:2010AcGlS..84..676M. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00229.x. S2CID 140694460.

[prokinetal2010-92] Prokin, A.; Ren, D.; Martin, F. (2010). "New Mesozoic Water Scavenger Beetles from the Yixian Formation in China (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)". Annales Zoologici. 60 (2): 173–179. doi:10.3161/000345410X516821. S2CID 51491869.

[:3-93] Guo, Henan; Zhao, Yanchen; Chang, Huali; Shih, Chungkun; Ren, Dong (2022-08-13). "Two new species of Lasiosyne from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation (Coleoptera, Lasiosynidae)". Cretaceous Research. 140: 105336. Bibcode:2022CrRes.14005336G. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105336. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 251558114.

[ren2002-94] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q Ren, D. (2002). "Progress in the study of Mesozoic fossil insects during the last decade in China". Acta Entomologica Sinica. 45: 234–240.

[liuetal2007-95] Liu, M.; Lu, W.; Ren, D. (2007). "A new fossil mordellid (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Mordellidae) from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning Province, China". Zootaxa. 1415: 49–56. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1415.1.6. S2CID 4494968.

[yue2011-96] Yue, Y.; Ren, D.; Solodovnikovb, A. (2011). "The oldest fossil species of the rove beetle subfamily Oxyporinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from the Early Cretaceous (Yixian Formation, China) and its phylogenetic significance". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 9 (4): 2. Bibcode:2011JSPal...9..467Y. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.493049. S2CID 83787190.

[nikolajev-97] Nikolajev, G.V.; Ren, D. (2010). "New Genus of the Subfamily Geotrupinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Geotrupindae) from the Jehol Biota". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 673–675. Bibcode:2010AcGlS..84..673N. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00260.x. S2CID 83650978.

[yuestaphylinids2010-98] Yue, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Ren, D. (2010). "Three new Mesozoic Staphylinids (Coleoptera) from Liaoning, China". Cretaceous Research. 31 (1): 61–70. Bibcode:2010CrRes..31...61Y. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.09.005.

[Hegna-99] Hegna, Thomas A.; Dong, REN (2010). "Two New "Notostracans", Chenops gen. nov. and Jeholops gen. nov. (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: ?Notostraca) from the Yixian Formation, Northeastern China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 886–894. Bibcode:2010AcGlS..84..886H. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00232.x. S2CID 85023596.

[:03-100] "Crayfishes from the Jehol biota". Geodiversitas. 45 (24): 689–719. 2023.

[101] Paul A. Selden; Alison N. Olcott; Matt R. Downen; Dong Ren; Chungkun Shih; Xiaodong Cheng (2019). "The supposed giant spider Mongolarachne chaoyangensis, from the Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China, is a crayfish" (PDF). Palaeoentomology. 2 (5): 515–522. doi:10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.5.15. S2CID 208124459.

[shenetal-102] Shen, Y., Schram, F.R. and Taylor, R.S. (2001). "Morphological variation in fossil crayfish of the Jehol biota, Liaoning Province, China and its texonomic discrimination." Chinese Science Bulletin, 46(1 ): 26–33.

[zhangrenpang2008-103] Zhang, B. Ren; Pang, H. (2008). "Telmaeshna paradoxica gen. et sp. nov., a new fossil dragonfly (Insecta: Odonata: Anisoptera) from the Yixian Formation, Liaoning, China". Zootaxa. 1681: 62–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1681.1.6.

[zhang2000-104] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Zhang, J. (2000). "The discovery of aeschnidiid nymphs (Aeschnidiidae, Odonata, Insecta)". Chinese Science Bulletin. 45 (11): 1031–1038. Bibcode:2000ChSBu..45.1031Z. doi:10.1007/bf02884986. S2CID 85282862.

[lin1994-105] Lin, Q. (1994). "Cretaceous insects of China". Cretaceous Research. 15 (3): 305–316. Bibcode:1994CrRes..15..305L. doi:10.1006/cres.1994.1019.

[:2-106] Zheng, Daran; Zhang, Xin; Zhang, Haichun; Nel, André (2022-08-13). "New Lower Cretaceous aeshnopteran dragonflies from western Liaoning, NE China (Odonata: Anisoptera)". Cretaceous Research. 140: 105324. Bibcode:2022CrRes.14005324Z. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105324. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 251558031.

[:4-107] Yang, Qiang; Ren, Dong; Shi, Chaofan (June 2023). "New petalurid dragonfly (Odonata: Aktassiidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of northern China". Cretaceous Research. 151: 105609. Bibcode:2023CrRes.15105609Y. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105609. S2CID 259601344.

[fleck-108] Fleck, G.; Nel, A. (2003). "Revision of the Mesozoic family Aeschnidiidae (Odonata: Anisoptera)". Zoologica. 153: 1–170.

[:5-109] Fang, Rui; Zheng, Daran (2022-11-23). "A new tarsophlebiid dragonfly from the Lower Cretaceous of western Liaoning, NE China (Insecta: Odonatoptera, Panodonata)". Cretaceous Research. 143: 105424. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105424. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 253875737.

[zhang2007-110] Zhang, J. (2007). "New mesosciophilid gnats (Insecta: Diptera: Mesosciophilidae) in the Daohugou biota of Inner Mongolia, China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 297–301. Bibcode:2007CrRes..28..297Z. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.007.

[huang&lin2007soldier-111] Huang, D.; Lin, Q. (2007). "A new soldier fly (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, northeast China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 317–321. Bibcode:2007CrRes..28..317H. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.006.

[zhangflies2007-112] Zhang, J. (2007). "New Mesozoic Protopleciidae (Insecta: Diptera: Nematocera) from China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 289–296. Bibcode:2007CrRes..28..289Z. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.009.

[fengetal2011-113] Feng, H.; Shih, C.; Ren, D.; Liu, C. (2011). "New male pelecinid wasps (Hymenoptera: Pelecinidae) from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning (China)". Geologica Carpathica. 61 (6): 463–468. doi:10.2478/v10096-010-0028-x. S2CID 84767798.

[zhangwasps2007-114] Zhang, H.; Rasnitsyn, A.P.; Wang, D.; Zhang, Y. (2007). "Some hatchet wasps (Hymenoptera, Evaniidae) from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 310–316. Bibcode:2007CrRes..28..310Z. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.003.

[115] Gao, Taiping; Shih, Chungkun; Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P.; Ren, Dong (2013-05-03). "Hoplitolyda duolunica gen. et sp. nov. (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Praesiricidae), the Hitherto Largest Sawfly from the Mesozoic of China". PLOS ONE. 8 (5): e62420. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...862420G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062420. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3643952. PMID 23671596.

[Peñalver-116] Enrique Peñalver; Jaime Ortega-Blanco; André Nel; Xavier Delclòs (2010). "Mesozoic Evaniidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in Spanish Amber: Reanalysis of the Phylogeny of the Evanioidea". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 809–827. Bibcode:2010AcGlS..84..809P. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00257.x. S2CID 83716591.

[gaoetal2010-117] Gao, T.; Rasnitsyn, A.P.; Ren, D.; Shih, C. (2010). "The first Praesiricidae (Hymenoptera) from Northeast China". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 46 (1–2): 148–153. doi:10.1080/00379271.2010.10697650. S2CID 88390334.

[:7-118] Yang, Qiang; Wang, Yongjie; Labandeira, Conrad C.; Shih, Chungkun; Ren, Dong (2014-06-09). "Mesozoic lacewings from China provide phylogenetic insight into evolution of the Kalligrammatidae (Neuroptera)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 14 (1): 126. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-126. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 4113026. PMID 24912379.

[119] Li, L.-M.; Ren, D.; Wang, Z.-H. (2007). "New Prophalangopsids from Late Mesozoic of China (Orthoptera, Prophalangopsidae, Aboilinae)". Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica. 32 (2): 412–422.

[120] Wang, Maomin; Béthoux, Olivier; Bradler, Sven; Jacques, Frédéric M. B.; Cui, Yingying; Ren, Dong (2014-03-19). Srygley, Robert B. (ed.). "Under Cover at Pre-Angiosperm Times: A Cloaked Phasmatodean Insect from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota". PLOS ONE. 9 (3): e91290. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...991290W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091290. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3960115. PMID 24646906.

[huangren2007-121] Huang, J.; Ren, D.; Sinitshenkova, N. D.; Shih, C. (2007). "New genus and species of Hexagenitidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Yixian Formation, China". Zootaxa. 1629: 39–50. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1629.1.3. S2CID 85843454.

[menonetal2005-122] Menon, F.; Heads, S.W.; Martill, D.M. (2005). "New Palaeontinidae (Insecta: Cicadomorpha) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 26 (6): 837–844. Bibcode:2005CrRes..26..837M. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2005.05.005.

[123] Li, Yuling; Chen, Jun; Wang, Bo (2019-03-01). "New Cretaceous palaeontinids (Insecta, Hemiptera) from northeast China". Cretaceous Research. 95: 130–137. Bibcode:2019CrRes..95..130L. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.11.007. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 134455637.

[renmakarkin2010-124] Ren, D.; Makarkin, V.N.; Yang, Q. (2010). "A new fossil genus of Mesochrysopidae (Neuroptera) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China". Zootaxa. 2523: 50–56. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2523.1.3. S2CID 73522770.

[125] Chen, Peiji; Wang, Qifei; Zhang, Haichun; Cao, Meizhen; Li, Wenben; Wu, Shunqing; Shen, Yanbin. "论义县组尖山沟层（Jianshangou Bed of the Yixian Formation in West Liaoning, China）" (in Chinese).

[126] Gao, Taiping; Shih, Chungkun; Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P.; Xu, Xing; Wang, Shuo; Ren, Dong (2014-08-27). "The first flea with fully distended abdomen from the Early Cretaceous of China". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 14 (1): 168. doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0168-1. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 4154525. PMID 25158612.

[127] Gao, Tai-ping; Shih, Chung-kun; Xu, Xing; Wang, Shuo; Ren, Dong (2012). "Mid-Mesozoic Flea-like Ectoparasites of Feathered or Haired Vertebrates". Current Biology. 22 (8): 732–735. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.03.012. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 22445298. S2CID 15965145.

[128] Nel, André; Delfosse, Emmanuel (2011). "A New Chinese Mesozoic Stick Insect". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 56 (2): 429–432. doi:10.4202/app.2009.1108. ISSN 0567-7920. S2CID 84240218.

[129] Zhang, Yanjie; Shih, Chungkun; Rasnitsyn, Alexandr; Ren, Dong; Gao, Taiping (2020). "A new flea from the Early Cretaceous of China". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 65. doi:10.4202/app.00680.2019. ISSN 0567-7920. S2CID 213622677.

[zhangetal2008a-130] Zhang, X.; Ren, D.; Pang, H.; Shih, C. (2008). "A new genus and species of Chresmodidae (Insecta: Gryllones) from Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous of Yixian Formation, Inner Mongolia, China". Zootaxa. 1702: 26–40. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1702.1.2. S2CID 83282286.

[131] Liu, Y.; Sinitshenkova, N.D.; Ren, D. (2007). "A new genus and species of stonefly (Insecta: Plecoptera) from the Yixian Formation, Liaoning Province, China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 322–326. Bibcode:2007CrRes..28..322L. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.08.003.

[yangetal2009-132] Yang, Q.; Zhao, Y.; Dong, R. (2009). "An exceptionally well-preserved fossil Kalligrammatid from the Jehol Biota". Chinese Science Bulletin. 54 (10): 1732–1737. Bibcode:2009SciBu..54.1732Y. doi:10.1007/s11434-009-0284-2. S2CID 84821055.

[133] Huang, DiYing; Engel, Michael S.; Cai, ChenYang; Nel, André (2013-03-25). "Mesozoic giant fleas from northeastern China (Siphonaptera): Taxonomy and implications for palaeodiversity". Chinese Science Bulletin. 58 (14): 1682–1690. Bibcode:2013ChSBu..58.1682H. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-5769-3. hdl:1808/14426. ISSN 1001-6538. S2CID 53578959.

[134] Dai, Rui; Du, Sile; Ren, Dong; Yao, Yunzhi (2022-07-31). "New Cretaceous Bugs from Northeastern China Imply the Systematic Position of Pachymeridiidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)". Insects. 13 (8): 689. doi:10.3390/insects13080689. ISSN 2075-4450. PMC 9408836. PMID 36005314.

[davisengel&ren2010-135] Davis, S.R.; Engel, M.S.; Ren, D. (2010). "A pupal caddisfly from the Early Cretaceous of China (Trichoptera)". Cretaceous Research. 31 (4): 396–399. Bibcode:2010CrRes..31..396D. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.05.001.

[wangetal2006conifer-136] Wang, Y., Zheng, S., Yang, X., Zhang, W., and Ni, Q. (2006). "The biodiversity and palaeoclimate of conifer floras from the Early Cretaceous deposits in western Liaoning, northeast China." International Symposium on Cretaceous Major Geological Events and Earth System, 56A.

[wangzhengflower2009-137] Wang, X.; Zheng, S. (2009). "The earliest normal flower from Liaoning Province, China". Journal of Integrative Plant Biology. 51 (8): 800–811. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7909.2009.00838.x. PMID 19686377.

[leefructus-138] Sun, G.; Dilcher, D.L.; Wang, H.; Chen, Z. (2011). "A eudicot from the Early Cretaceous of China". Nature. 471 (7340): 625–628. Bibcode:2011Natur.471..625S. doi:10.1038/nature09811. PMID 21455178. S2CID 205224036.

[ginkgoapodes-139] Zheng, S.; Zhou, Z. (2004). "A new Mesozoic Ginkgo from western Liaoning, China and its evolutionary significance". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 131 (1–2): 91–103. Bibcode:2004RPaPa.131...91Z. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2004.03.002.

[archaefructus-140] Sun, G.; Dilcher, D.L.; Zheng, S.; Zhou, Z. (1998). "In Search of the First Flower: A Jurassic Angiosperm, Archaefructus, from Northeast China". Science. 282 (5394): 1692–1695. doi:10.1126/science.282.5394.1692. PMID 9831557.

[simplex-141] Rydin, C.; Friis, E.M. (2010). "A new Early Cretaceous relative of Gnetales: Siphonospermum simplex gen. et sp. nov. from the Yixian Formation of Northeast China". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10: 1–6. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-183. PMC 2900273. PMID 20565755.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]

[63]

[64]

[65]

[66]

[67]

[68]

[69]

[70]

[71]

[72]

[73]

[74]

[75]

[76]

[77]

[78]

[79]

[80]

[81]

[82]

[83]

[84]

[85]

[86]

[87]

[88]

[89]

[90]

[91]

[92]

[93]

[94]

[95]

[96]

[97]

[98]

[99]

[100]

Summary

Sauropods edit

Ornithischians edit

Theropods edit

Avialans edit

Compsognathids edit

Dromaeosaurs edit

Ornithomimosaurs edit

Oviraptorosaurs edit

Therizinosaurs edit

Troodontids edit

Tyrannosaurs and other theropods edit

Pterosaurs edit

Misc. reptiles edit

Choristoderans edit

Lizards edit

Turtles edit

Mammals edit

Amphibians edit

Fish edit

Invertebrate fauna of the Yixian Formation edit

Arachnids edit

Beetles (Coleoptera) edit

Crustaceans edit

Dragonflies (Odonata) edit

Flies (Diptera) edit

Wasps (Hymenoptera) edit

Other insects edit

Molluscs edit

Flora of the Yixian Formation edit

Conifers edit

Ferns edit

Flowering plants edit

Ginkgos edit

Other plants edit

References edit