Papilio_phorcas Knowpia

Apple-green swallowtail
	both Kakamega Forest, Kenya
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Genus:	Papilio
Species:	P. phorcas
Binomial name
	Papilio phorcas; Cramer, [1775]
Synonyms
	List Princeps phorcas ; Papilio doreus Fabricius, 1775 ; Papilio thersander Fabricius, 1793 ; Papilio phorcas f. media Le Cerf, 1924 ; Papilio nandina Rothschild & Jordan, 1901 ; Papilio phorcas tippelskirchi Suffert, 1904 ; Papilio phorcas f. thersandroides Aurivillius, 1908 ; Papilio phorcas bardamu f. velledae Canu, 1994 ; Papilio phorcas caspor Suffert, 1904 ; Papilio phorcas ab. kassaiensis Strand, 1916 ; Papilio phorcas f. bergeri Storace, 1955 ; Papilio phorcas f. xera Storace, 1955 ; Papilio phorcas f. viridissima Basquin & Turlin, 1986 ; Papilio phorcas congoanus f. ponzonii Sala, 1992 ; Papilio phorcas leopoldi Suffert, 1904 ; Papilio phorcas ab. phorcadius Strand, 1911 ; Papilio phorcas f. ruscoei Krüger, 1928 ; Papilio phorcas f. mutans Le Cerf, 1924 ; Papilio phorcas f. furcula Bryk, 1927 ; Papilio phorcas f. inexpectata Bryk, 1927 ; Papilio phorcas pseudothersander Krüger, 1937 ; Papilio phorcas f. polyxena Stoneham, 1951 ; Papilio phorcas f. bayoni Storace, 1955 ; Papilio phorcas nilotica Storace, 1961 ; Papilio phorcas tenuifasciatus f. meto Kielland, 1990 ;

Papilio phorcas, the apple-green swallowtail or green-banded swallowtail, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found in Africa.

The larvae feed on Teclea nobilis, Teclea simplicifolia, Macrostylis villosa, Vepris, Calodendrum, Clausena, Citrus, Fagara and Toddalia species.^[3]

Description edit

A tailed species. The ground colour is black, with green markings.

Female dorsal view
Same, ventral
Male, dorsal
Same, ventral
More green looking male

Taxonomy edit

Papilio phorcas is a member of the dardanus species group. The members of the clade are:

Papilio dardanus Brown, 1776
Papilio constantinus Ward, 1871
Papilio delalandei Godart, [1824]
Papilio phorcas Cramer, [1775]
Papilio rex Oberthür, 1886

Subspecies edit

P. p. phorcas (Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria)
P. p. ansorgei Rothschild, 1896.^[4] (Kenya (highland forest east of the Rift Valley))
P. p. congoanus Rothschild, 1896 (Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, northern Angola, Congo Republic, western Uganda, western Tanzania, northern Zambia)
P. p. nyikanus Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 ^[5] (highland forest of north-eastern Zambia, Malawi and eastern Tanzania)
P. p. ruscoei Krüger, 1928 ^[6] (eastern Uganda, Kenya (highlands west of the Rift Valley))
P. p. sudanicola Storace, 1965 ^[7] (southern Sudan)
P. p. tenuifasciatus Kielland, 1990^[8] (northern Tanzania, Kenya)
P. p. bardamu Canu, 1994 ^[9] (Bioko Island)

Biogeographic realm edit

Afrotropical realm.

References edit

^ Cramer, P. [1775-1776]. De Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waereld-deelen Asia, Africa en America. Amsteldam & Utrecht. 1: [vi], xxx, 16 pp., 155 pp.
^ Papilio, Site of Markku Savela
^ "Afrotropical Butterflies: File C – Papilionidae - Tribe Papilionini". Archived from the original on 2014-02-22. Retrieved 2012-05-09.
^ Rothschild, W. 1896. New Lepidoptera. Novitates Zoologicae 3: 322-328.
^ Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. 1903. Some new African Papilios. Novitates Zoologicae 10: 488-490.
^ Bryk. F. & Krüger, E.? 1927 [1928] Zool. Anz. 74:77. (in Lepindex)
^ Storace, L., 1965 J. E. Afr. Nat. Hist. Soc. Nat. Mus. 25 (1): 71 Full text
^ Kielland, 1990 Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne and London: 1-363
^ Canu , J.G. 1994. Souvenirs entomologiques d'Afrique et des iles voisines (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Lambillionea 94 (3) (Tome I): 311-320

Carcasson, R.H. 1960 "The Swallowtail Butterflies of East Africa (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae)". Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society pdf Key to East Africa members of the species group, diagnostic and other notes and figures. (Permission to host granted by The East Africa Natural History Society)
Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN. ISBN 978-2-88032-603-6 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
Storace, L.,1955 Su alcune Papilionidae Africane, con descrizioni di nuove forme (Lepidoptera, Diurna). Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 33:120-137.

External links edit

Butterfly Corner Images from Naturhistorisches Museum Wien

[1] Cramer, P. [1775-1776]. De Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waereld-deelen Asia, Africa en America. Amsteldam & Utrecht. 1: [vi], xxx, 16 pp., 155 pp.

[funet-2] Papilio, Site of Markku Savela

[ATBUT-3] "Afrotropical Butterflies: File C – Papilionidae - Tribe Papilionini". Archived from the original on 2014-02-22. Retrieved 2012-05-09.

[4] Rothschild, W. 1896. New Lepidoptera. Novitates Zoologicae 3: 322-328.

[5] Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. 1903. Some new African Papilios. Novitates Zoologicae 10: 488-490.

[6] Bryk. F. & Krüger, E.? 1927 [1928] Zool. Anz. 74:77. (in Lepindex)

[7] Storace, L., 1965 J. E. Afr. Nat. Hist. Soc. Nat. Mus. 25 (1): 71 Full text

[8] Kielland, 1990 Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne and London: 1-363

[9] Canu , J.G. 1994. Souvenirs entomologiques d'Afrique et des iles voisines (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Lambillionea 94 (3) (Tome I): 311-320

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