Parides_gundlachianus Knowpia

Cuban cattleheart
Conservation status
	; Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Genus:	Parides
Species:	P. gundlachianus
Binomial name
	Parides gundlachianus; (C. & R. Felder, 1864)
Synonyms
	Papilio gundlachianus C. & R. Felder, 1864; Papilio columbus Herrich-Schäffer, 1862; Papilio grotei Blake, 1865; Papilio gundlachianus f. unipunctus Rousseau-Decelle, 1943; Papilio gundlachianus f. pauperimus Rousseau-Decelle, 1943; Battus gundlachianus var. calzadillae Torre, 1971;

Parides gundlachianus, the Cuban cattleheart, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is an endemic species found only in Cuba. The name honours the Cuban naturalist Juan Gundlach.

It is the brightest-coloured American swallowtail, and may be recognised by the brilliant blue bands on the forewing. The ground colour is brown to black. The upperside forewing has a blue to green median band and possibly one to two spots close to the apex. The hindwings have a long tail and on either side two indentations like short tails. The upperside hindwing has a broad red submarginal band. A full description is provided by Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906)^[2]

The dark ash-grey larva is striped longitudinally, the head and thoracic legs are black; the black longitudinal stripes in part margined with white; the anterior and posterior segments bear long pointed tubercles which are partly white.

Occurs in the mountainous eastern part of the island, especially near the coast, where it is met with on flowers, and sometimes also drinking at pools.^[3]

''Parides gundlachianus'' in a plate from ''Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara'' - at bottom right

Subspecies edit

Parides gundlachianus gundlachianus (eastern Cuba)
Parides gundlachianus alayoi Hernández, Alayón & Smith, 1995 (western Cuba)

Taxonomy edit

Parides gundlachianus is a member of the ascanius species group ("Fringe-spots white. Hindwing with submarginal spots and usnally also diseal spots or dots, or a discal band ;mostly with tail") A quadrate whitish spot in space 2 of the forewings is quite peculiar of the ascanius group^[4]^[5]

The members are

Parides agavus (Drury, 1782)
Parides alopius (Godman & Salvin, [1890])
Parides ascanius (Cramer, [1775])
Parides bunichus (Hübner, [1821])
Parides gundlachianus (C. & R. Felder, 1864)
Parides montezuma (Westwood, 1842)
Parides phalaecus (Hewitson, 1869)
Parides photinus (Doubleday, 1844)
Parides proneus (Hübner, [1831])

Status edit

Found only in forests in Cuba and not rare but requiring monitoring.^[6]

Etymology edit

The specific epithet honours the Cuban naturalist Juan Gundlach.

References edit

^ C. & R. Felder, [1864]; C. & R. Felder, 1865 Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Behilfen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Band 2. Abtheilung 2.
^ Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906). A revision of the American Papilios. Novitates Zoologicae 13: 411-752. (Facsimile edition ed. P.H. Arnaud, 1967) and online
^ Jordan, K. , in Seitz, A. ( 1907) . The Macrolepidoptera of the World. 5: The Macrolepidoptera of the American faunistic region. Papilionidae 1-45. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ Edwin Möhn, 2007 Butterflies of the World, Part 26: Papilionidae XIII. Parides Verlag Goecke & Evers Verlag Goecke & Evers ISBN 9783937783277
^ Racheli, Tommaso an Olmisani. Luca 1998. A cladistic analysis of the genus Parides Hubner, [1819], based on androconial structures (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Neue Ent. Nachr. (Marktleuthen),41:119-131.pdf
^ Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN. ISBN 978-2-88032-603-6 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.

Hamilton A. Tyler; Keith S. Brown; Kent H. Wilson 1992 Swallowtail Butterflies of the Americas Scientific Pub ISBN 0-945417-91-8
Lewis, H. L., 1974 Butterflies of the World ISBN 0-245-52097-X Page 26, figure 4 as columbus, figure 10 as gundlachianus.

External links edit

Butterflies of America: Parides gundlachianus—type specimens
Parides gundlachianus

[1] C. & R. Felder, [1864]; C. & R. Felder, 1865 Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Behilfen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Band 2. Abtheilung 2.

[2] Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906). A revision of the American Papilios. Novitates Zoologicae 13: 411-752. (Facsimile edition ed. P.H. Arnaud, 1967) and online

[3] Jordan, K. , in Seitz, A. ( 1907) . The Macrolepidoptera of the World. 5: The Macrolepidoptera of the American faunistic region. Papilionidae 1-45. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[4] Edwin Möhn, 2007 Butterflies of the World, Part 26: Papilionidae XIII. Parides Verlag Goecke & Evers Verlag Goecke & Evers ISBN 9783937783277

[5] Racheli, Tommaso an Olmisani. Luca 1998. A cladistic analysis of the genus Parides Hubner, [1819], based on androconial structures (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Neue Ent. Nachr. (Marktleuthen),41:119-131.pdf

[Threatened-6] Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN. ISBN 978-2-88032-603-6 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.

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Summary