Payzawat County,[8][9][10][6][11] also via SASM/GNC romanization as Payziwat County[12] (Uyghur: پەيزاۋات ناھىيىسى; Chinese: 排孜阿瓦提县[4]), (also Faizabad and Fayzawat) and via Mandarin Chinese as Jiashi County (Chinese: 伽师县) is a county in Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China, on the western rim of the Taklamakan Desert. To the east, the county borders Maralbexi County, to the south Yopurga County.[4]
Payzawat County
Jiashi, Ch'ieh-shih, Faiz Abad | |
---|---|
Peyziwat Location of the seat in Xinjiang Peyziwat Peyziwat (Xinjiang) Peyziwat Peyziwat (China) | |
Coordinates: 39°29′18″N 76°42′45″E / 39.48833°N 76.71250°E | |
Country | China |
Autonomous region | Xinjiang |
Prefecture | Kashgar |
County seat | Barin[1] |
Area | |
• Total | 6,600.68 km2 (2,548.54 sq mi) |
Population (2020)[3] | |
• Total | 424,821 |
• Density | 64/km2 (170/sq mi) |
Ethnic groups | |
• Major ethnic groups | Uyghur[4][5][6] |
Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard[a]) |
Postal code | 844300 |
Website | www |
Payzawat County | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uyghur name | |||||||||||
Uyghur | پەيزاۋات ناھىيىسى | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
Chinese name | |||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 伽师县 | ||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 伽師縣 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 排孜阿瓦提县 | ||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 排孜阿瓦提縣 | ||||||||||
|
The name "Jiashi" was first used in Chinese documents of Tang Dynasty and was adopted when Emperor Guangxu established the county in 1902. Allegedly the word is a transliteration of a celestial Turkic word for jade and has the same origin to "Kashi", Mandarin transliteration for "Kashgar". The Uyghur name "Payziwat" means "God's blessing of fortune" and was sometimes used in documents in Qing Dynasty.[citation needed] Payzawat means 'beautiful land of plenty'.[4]
The name of the region is also transliterated as Faizabad.[11][13][14]
Peyziwat County was established in July 1902.[2][15]
In 1981, there was a brief pro-independence rebellion, the Jiashi uprising (1981年伽师县"5·27"暴乱), in the county staged by Uyghur activists after riots in Kashgar.[16][17][18]
The 1997 Jiashi earthquakes, continuing to 2003, were a series of deadly earthquakes in the county.[6] Rebiya Kadeer wrote that her career was significantly affected by the earthquakes, which were "one of the worst natural disasters that had occurred in the Uyghur nation in recent memory." One hundred villages and one thousand homes were leveled. Kadeer organized donations and aid for the area.[19] In February 2002, a 6.7 magnitude earthquake killed 267 people in Maralbexi County and Payzawat County.[20]
On August 27, 2008, two ethnic Uyghur police officers were killed.[21][22]
On October 20, 2014, Shaptul (Xiaputule) was changed from a township to a town.[1][23]
In 2017, Jiashi County Secondary Vocational School (伽师县中等职业学校), among the Xinjiang re-education camps, was increased in size, adding new dormitories and factory warehouses; significant security features were added through the introduction of secure 'military-style management'.[24]
On the night of January 19, 2020, a strong earthquake (2020年喀什地震) damaged buildings and seriously injured at least one person in the county.[7][25][26]
Payzawat County includes 6 towns, 7 townships, and one other area:[1][27][28]
Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Administrative division code | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Towns | |||||||
Barin Town | 巴仁镇 | Bārén Zhèn | بارىن بازىرى[29] | barin baziri | 653129100 | ||
Shekerkol Town | 西克尔库勒镇 | Xīkè'ěrkùlè Zhèn | شېكەركۆل بازىرى | shëkerköl baziri | 653129101 | ||
Shaptul Town[30] | 夏普吐勒镇 | Xīkè'ěrkùlè Zhèn | شاپتۇل بازىرى | shaptul baziri | 653129102 | formerly Shaptul Township (شاپتۇل يېزىسى / 夏普吐勒乡) | |
Gholtoghraq Town | 卧里托格拉克镇 | Wòlǐtuōgélākè Zhèn | غولتوغراق بازىرى | gholtoghraq baziri | 653129103 | formerly Gholtoghraq Township (卧里托格拉克乡) | |
Qizilboyi Town | 克孜勒博依镇 | Kèzīlèbóyī Zhèn | قىزىلبويى بازىرى | qizilboyi baziri | 653129104 | formerly Qizilboyi Township (قىزىلبويى يېزىسى / 克孜勒博依乡) | |
Qoshawat Town | 和夏阿瓦提镇 | Kèzīlèbóyī Zhèn | قوشئاۋات بازىرى | qosh'awat baziri | 653129107 | formerly Qoshawat Township ( قوشئاۋات يېزىسى / 和夏阿瓦提乡) | |
Townships | |||||||
Terim Township | 铁日木乡 | Tiěrìmù Xiāng | تېرىم يېزىسى | tërim yëzisi | 653129200 | ||
Yengimehelle Township | 英买里乡 | Yīngmǎilǐ Xiāng | يېڭىمەھەللە يېزىسى | yëngimehelle yëzisi | 653129201 | ||
Janbaz Township | 江巴孜乡 | Jiāngbāzī Xiāng | جانباز يېزىسى | janbaz yëzisi | 653129202 | ||
Misha Township | 米夏乡 | Mǐxià Xiāng | مىشا يېزىسى | misha yëzisi | 653129205 | ||
Kizilsu Township[31] | 克孜勒苏乡 | Kèzīlèsū Xiāng | قىزىلسۇ يېزىسى | qizilsu yëzisi | 653129208 | ||
Gulluk Township | 古勒鲁克乡 | Gǔlèlǔkè Xiāng | گۈللۈك يېزىسى | güllük yëzisi | 653129209 | ||
Ordeklik Township | 玉代克力克乡 | Yùdàikèlìkè Xiāng | ئۆردەكلىك يېزىسى | Ördeklik yëzisi | 653129210 |
The system of irrigation is well-developed. Agricultural products include wheat, corn, sorghum, cotton and muskmelon. Animal herding is also common, primarily sheep. Specialities of the county include the 'Payzawat melon' (伽师瓜) and white grapes without pits. Industries include tractors, electronics, leather making, construction, and cotton and melon processing.[2]
As of 1885[update], there was about 55,400 acres (366,889 mu) of cultivated land in Payzawat.[32]
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
2000 | 311,733 | — |
2010 | 381,767 | +2.05% |
[1] |
As of 2015, 437,073 of the 445,846 residents of the county were Uyghur, 8,342 were Han Chinese, 431 were from other ethnic groups.[33]
As of 2009[update], Uyghurs made up 98.9% of the county's population.[4]
According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 320,000.[citation needed]
As of 1999, 96.46% of the population of Payzawat (Jiashi) County was Uyghur and 3.52% of the population was Han Chinese.[34]
In 1997, Uyghurs made up 97.2% of the county's population.[5]
Climate data for Payzawat (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 19.0 (66.2) |
19.7 (67.5) |
30.2 (86.4) |
35.3 (95.5) |
36.4 (97.5) |
39.6 (103.3) |
39.8 (103.6) |
40.1 (104.2) |
35.4 (95.7) |
30.8 (87.4) |
25.8 (78.4) |
19.9 (67.8) |
40.1 (104.2) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) |
6.9 (44.4) |
16.2 (61.2) |
24.3 (75.7) |
28.6 (83.5) |
32.1 (89.8) |
33.7 (92.7) |
32.3 (90.1) |
28.1 (82.6) |
21.4 (70.5) |
12.0 (53.6) |
2.7 (36.9) |
19.9 (67.9) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.7 (21.7) |
0.2 (32.4) |
9.1 (48.4) |
16.6 (61.9) |
20.7 (69.3) |
24.1 (75.4) |
25.7 (78.3) |
24.2 (75.6) |
19.7 (67.5) |
12.3 (54.1) |
3.8 (38.8) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
12.3 (54.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −10.9 (12.4) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
2.5 (36.5) |
9.2 (48.6) |
13.4 (56.1) |
16.7 (62.1) |
18.6 (65.5) |
17.3 (63.1) |
12.6 (54.7) |
5.1 (41.2) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
−8.1 (17.4) |
5.7 (42.3) |
Record low °C (°F) | −24.8 (−12.6) |
−25.5 (−13.9) |
−7.7 (18.1) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
4.3 (39.7) |
6.6 (43.9) |
10.7 (51.3) |
9.8 (49.6) |
4.1 (39.4) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
−13.0 (8.6) |
−21.6 (−6.9) |
−25.5 (−13.9) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.6 (0.10) |
3.8 (0.15) |
5.1 (0.20) |
4.0 (0.16) |
12.5 (0.49) |
11.5 (0.45) |
11.1 (0.44) |
15.0 (0.59) |
9.1 (0.36) |
3.1 (0.12) |
1.9 (0.07) |
2.0 (0.08) |
81.7 (3.21) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.6 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 2.9 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 2.0 | 32.2 |
Average snowy days | 5.9 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.6 | 4.7 | 14.8 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 66 | 56 | 44 | 37 | 41 | 43 | 47 | 54 | 57 | 59 | 61 | 70 | 53 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 155.7 | 170.3 | 202.7 | 230.0 | 279.9 | 310.5 | 321.3 | 293.6 | 267.6 | 253.3 | 201.3 | 155.1 | 2,841.3 |
Percent possible sunshine | 51 | 55 | 54 | 57 | 62 | 70 | 72 | 70 | 73 | 75 | 68 | 53 | 63 |
Source: China Meteorological Administration[35][36] |
Historical English-language maps including Payzawat:
2000年第五次人口普查,伽师县常住总人口311733人,{...}2003年,伽师县总面积6600.68平方千米,{...}县政府驻巴仁镇。{...}2010年第六次人口普查,伽师县常住总人口381767人,{...}2014年10月20日,自治区政府(新政函[2014]183号)同意撤销夏普吐勒乡,设立夏普吐勒镇。调整后,全县辖3个镇、10个乡:巴仁镇、西克尔库勒镇、夏普吐勒镇、铁日木乡、英买里乡、江巴孜乡、卧里托格拉克乡、克孜勒博依乡、米夏乡、和夏阿瓦提乡、克孜勒苏乡、古勒鲁克乡、玉代克力克乡。
面积6 601平方千米。{...}1902年(清光绪二十八年)置伽师县。{...}灌溉发达。农产有小麦、玉米、高粱、棉花和甜瓜。畜牧业亦盛,以绵羊为主。特产"伽师瓜"、无核白葡萄。工业有农机、电力、制革、建材、棉花和瓜果加工等。
伽师,维吾尔语称"排孜阿瓦提",意为美丽富饶的地方,{...}位于新疆维吾尔自治区西南部,东邻把楚,西接疏勒,南连岳普湖,北依天山山脉的柯坪南支,西北与克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州阿图什毗邻{...}是塔克拉玛干沙漠西缘的一块绿洲{...} 总人口36万,其中维吾尔族占98.9%。
喀什地区辖县。位于塔克拉玛干沙漠西缘。面积6715.4平方千米,人口28.2万,有维吾尔、汉、柯尔克孜、回等14个民族,其中维吾尔族占97.2%,辖2镇11乡,县政府驻巴仁镇。
The two areas hardest-hit by the quake, which China says measured 6.8 on the open-ended Richter scale, were Maralbeshi and Payzawat (Jiashi) counties.{...}According to official Chinese media, Payzawat (Jiashi) has a population of at least 300,000, while Maralbeshi (Bachu) has a population of 260,000. Both counties are 90 percent Uyghur.
Payzawat County
A 5.4-magnitude earthquake hit Payzawat County of Kashgar Prefecture in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region at 00:05 a.m. Saturday (Beijing Time), according to the China Earthquake Networks Center (CENC).
Faizabad{...}今新疆喀什地區伽師縣治(Payzawat)
A farmer from Payziwat (Gashi) county in Kashgar (Kashi) prefecture told RFA that county officials and medical personnel had set up a health checkpoint in front of the area hospital, and local cadres "urged" residents to get examined.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Local government officials confirmed for the first time this month that an organized uprising against Chinese rule took place as late as the early 1980s.
Moslem peasants in Payzawat, 100 kilometres east of Kashgar, raided a military armoury and attacked Han Chinese with the stolen weapons. Units of the People's Liberation Army crushed the rebellion, with many deaths, local people from the Moslem Uighur ethnic group said.
Kashgar's vice-mayor Mohamed Emin, a Uighur but a non-Moslem Communist Party member, said a group "bent on destroying ethnic unity" had been responsible.
Payzawat - called Jiashi County by Peking - is closed to foreigners although overseas tour groups now regularly visit Kashgar. Local sources said the rebellion followed riots in Kashgar in 1981 that exploded when a Chinese shopkeeper shot dead a Uighur peasant who had parked a donkey-cart load of manure outside his premises.
In the early 1980s, the local people rose up in armed rebellion against the Chinese presence in the regional centre of Payzawat. The Chinese army was called in to put down the uprising and the death toll was high.
2014年10月20日,自治区人民政府同意撤销伽师县夏普吐勒乡建制,设立夏普吐勒镇,其行政区域界线、政府驻地及隶属关系不变。
统计用区划代码 名称 653129100000 巴仁镇 653129101000 西克尔库勒镇 653129102000 夏普吐勒镇 653129103000 卧里托格拉克镇 653129104000 克孜勒博依镇 653129107000 和夏阿瓦提镇 653129200000 铁日木乡 653129201000 英买里乡 653129202000 江巴孜乡 653129205000 米夏乡 653129208000 克孜勒苏乡 653129209000 古勒鲁克乡 653129210000 玉代克力克乡 653129500000 兵团伽师总场
پەيزاۋات ناھىيەسىنىڭ بارىن بازىرى ناھىيە ئىچىگە جايلاشقان.
Xiaputule/Shaptul (夏普吐勒乡, شاپتۇل يېزىسى), Village 13, 14 and 15, in Jiashi/Peyzawat County