Philip Rootes Thompson (March 26, 1766 – July 27, 1837) was an 18th-century and 19th-century politician and lawyer from Virginia.

Philip R. Thompson
Philip Rootes Thompson, head-and-shoulders portrait John Nicholas
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 18th district
In office March 4, 1801 – March 3, 1807
Succeeded by	Peterson Goodwyn
Member of the Virginia House of Delegates from Culpeper County
In office 1793–1796
Personal details
Born	(1766-03-26)March 26, 1766 Fredericksburg, Virginia Colony, British America
Died	July 27, 1837(1837-07-27) (aged 71) Kanawha County, Virginia, U.S.
Political party	Democratic-Republican Party
Education	College of William & Mary
Occupation	attorney, farmer, judge

Born near Fredericksburg in the Colony of Virginia, Thompson was educated by private teachers as a child. He graduated from the College of William and Mary, studied law and was admitted to the bar, commencing practice in Fairfax, Virginia. He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1793 to 1797 and was elected a Democratic-Republican to the United States House of Representatives in 1800, serving from 1801 to 1807. Afterwards, Thompson continued to practice law until his death on July 27, 1837, in Kanawha County, Virginia (now West Virginia) and was interred in Coals Mouth, Virginia (now St. Albans, West Virginia).