Pompei Leoni was an Italian sculptor and medalist who was born in Milan in the early 1530s[1] and died in Madrid in October 1608.
Pompeo Leoni
Born
Early 1530s
Milan
Died
October, 1608
Madrid
Occupation(s)
Sculptor, medallist, art collector.
Biographyedit
Pompeo learned the art of sculpture and medal making in the house of his father, Leone Leoni, in Milan, called the Casa degli Omenoni, where he had set up a school[2].
In addition to his Milanese customers, Pompeo, like his father, worked mainly for the Spanish monarchy. In particular, he collaborated with the sculptors Jacopo Nizzola, Bautista Comane, and Juan Bautista Monegro on the construction of the Escorial. Most of his sculptures are preserved in Spain[3].
Pompeo Leoni, Medal of Ercole II d'Este, 1554.
At his father's request, he amassed an important art collection. In his Trattato dell'arte de la pittura, published in 1584, Giovanni Paolo Lomazzo states that two mythological paintings by Correggio, Jupiter et Io and Danaë (now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna and the Galleria Borghese in Rome,[4] respectively), sent by Pompey from Lombardy, Spain, were preserved in the Leoni household in Milan. It is not known whether he received the works from the sovereign himself or whether he bought them from his favorite Antonio Perez after his disgrace in 1579.
Leonardo da Vinci's manuscriptsedit
In 1589, he came into possession of the notebooks, manuscripts, and drawings that Leonardo da Vinci had bequeathed to his pupil Francesco Melzi. When this latter died in 1570, his son Orazio Melzi distributed the manuscripts; he sold some and gave others to friends and collectors. Pompeo Leoni received some from Melzi and bought others.
In 1630, Antonio Mazenta wrote about the distribution of Leonardo'smanuscripts, accusing Pompeo Leoni of being one of the main culprits and of having altered their order. To distinguish between artistic and technical or scientific drawings, Leoni dismantled the original manuscripts and created two separate collections: the first, Disegni di Machine e delle Arti Secreti et Altre Cose di Leonardo da Vinci Racolti da Pompeo Leoni, grouped scientific and technical drawings, this is the Codex Atlanticus kept at the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan. The second, Disegni di Leonardo da Vinci restaurati da Pompeo Leoni, was intended to group botanical and anatomical drawings; it has been dismantled and the sheets can be found in several European collections,[5] such as the Codex Windsor in the Royal Collection of Windsor Castle since the 17th century,[6] and the Codex Madrid in the National Library of Spain.
Monumental group for the mausoleum of Charles V and Philip II, in the monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial; partly sculpted in Milan in collaboration with Adrien de Vries and assembled in the basilica in 1587.[7]
Tomb of Cardinal Espinosa de los Monteros in the parish church of Martín Muñoz de las Posadas in Segovia.
Tombstone of the Marquis of Las Navas del MarquésWhite marble statue of Joan of Austria at prayer in the Monasterio de las Descalzas Reales, Madrid.
Tombstone of Pedro Dávila y Zúñigae de María de Córdoba, in the convent of San Domenico and San Paolo in Las Navas del Marqués (preserved in Madrid's National Archaeological Museum).
^In 1530 according to Markus Schmidt (Escorial und Valle de los Caidos, Betrachtung zweier spanischer Bauwerkecode: deu promoted to code: de , Munich, 2009, p. 7); in 1533 according to the Bénézit dictionary.
^García Tapia, Nicolás (1997). "Los códices de Leonardo en España". Boletín del Seminario de Estudios de Arte y Arqueología (in Spanish). 63. BSSA: 372–384. ISSN 0210-9573.
^Danae was sold by Pompeo to Emperor Rudolph II; the painting, brought back from Prague to Stockholm as war booty by Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, fell to his daughter Christine of Sweden, who brought it with her to Rome.
^De Silvestri, Paolo (2009). Leonardo. ATS Italia Editrice. p. 28. ISBN 9788875718732.
^Scott-Elliot, A. H. (1956). "The Pompeo Leoni Volume of Leonardo Drawings at Windsor". The Burlington Magazine. 98 (634). Burlington Magazine Publications Ltd.: 11-14 and 17.
^Mulcahy, Rosemarie (1994). "Adriaen de Vries and Pompeo Leoni: The High Altarpiece of El Escorial". International Magazine of the Arts. 139. Apollo: 35–38.
^"Francisco Fernández de Liébana - La Justicia". Museo del Prado (in Spanish).
Bibliographyedit
Plon, Eugène (1887). Les maîtres italiens au service de la maison d'Autriche : Leone Leoni, sculpteur de Charles-Quint, et Pompeo Leoni, sculpteur de Philippe II (in French). Paris: Librairie Plon, Nourrit et Cie.
Johnson, Cesare; Martini, Rodolfo (1995). Catalogo delle medaglie. II, Secolo XVI. Benvenuto Cellino, Pompeo Leoni : Milano, Civiche raccolte numismatiche (in Italian). Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato. ISBN 9788824038317.
Cupperi, Walter (2005). "LEONI, Pompeo". TRECCANI (in Italian).
Schröder, Stephan F. (2012). Leone & Pompeo Leoni : actas del Congreso Internacional = proceedings of the International Symposium (in Spanish). Madrid: Museo Nacional del Prado. ISBN 978-84-8480-247-1.
