Portuguese exonyms

Summary

Below is a list of Portuguese language exonyms for places in non-Portuguese-speaking areas. Some of them are used exclusively in European Portuguese (marked E) while others appear just in Brazilian Portuguese (marked B).

Genders of country names in Portuguese: male (green) - e.g. O Brasil, female (purple) - e.g. A Argélia, and gender omitted (yellow) - e.g. Portugal

Some of these terms are becoming disused, being often replaced with others closer to the original spelling. Adoptions of foreign terms and names in general are more acceptable and easy to enter popular use in the Brazilian variety, with spelling pronunciations or not.

Afghanistan edit

  Afghanistan Afeganistão
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Kabul Cabul, Cábul

Albania edit

  Albania Albânia
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Shkodër Esútare Shkodër Albanian
Tirana Tirana Tiranë Albanian

Armenia edit

  Armenia Arménia (E), Armênia (B)
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Yerevan Erevã, Ierevã Երևան Armenian

Austria edit

  Austria Áustria
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Carinthia Carínita Kärnten German
Danube Danúbio Donau German
Innsbruck Insbruque
Salzburg Salzburgo, Salisburgo
Styria Estíria Steiermark German
Vienna Viena Wien German

Australia edit

  Australia Austrália
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Canberra Camberra
  New South Wales Nova Gales do Sul
  Northern Territory Território do Norte
  Queensland Queenslândia
  South Australia Austrália Meridional, Austrália do Sul
  Tasmania Tasmânia
  Victoria Vitória
  Western Australia Austrália Ocidental, Austrália do Oeste

Azerbaijan edit

  Azerbaijan Azerbaijão
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Baku Bacu

Belgium edit

  Belgium Bélgica
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Antwerp Antuérpia Antwerpen Dutch
Bruges Bruges Brugge Dutch
Brussels Bruxelas Bruxelles French
Flandres Flandres Vlaanderen Dutch
Ghent Gante Gent Dutch
Leuven Lovaina
Meuse Mosa Maas Dutch
Scheldt Escalda
Wallonia Valónia (E), Valônia (B) Wallonie French

Belize edit

  Belize Belize
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Belize City Cidade de Belize
Belmopan Belmopã

Bulgaria edit

  Bulgaria Bulgária
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Sofia Sófia Sofiya Bulgarian

Canada edit

  Canada Canadá
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
British Columbia Colúmbia Britânica, Colômbia Britânica
New Brunswick Novo Brunswick, Nova Brunswick, Novo Brunsvique, Nova Brunsvique
Newfoundland Terra Nova
Northwest Territories Territórios do Noroeste
Nova Scotia Nova Escócia
Ontario Ontário
Ottawa Otava
Quebec Quebeque

China edit

  China China
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Beijing Pequim
Guangzhou Cantão
Nanjing Nanquim
Shanghai Xangai

Croatia edit

  Croatia Croácia
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Zagreb Zagrebe

Cuba edit

  Cuba Cuba
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Havana Havana La Habana Spanish

Cyprus edit

  Cyprus Chipre
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Limassol Limassol
Nicosia Nicósia
Paphos Pafos

Czech Republic edit

  Czech Republic Chéquia (E), Tchéquia (B)
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Brno Brum, Bruno
Prague Praga Praha Czech
Plzeň Pilsen, Pilzem
Sudetes Sudetas (Europe), Sudetos (Brazil)

Democratic Republic of the Congo edit

  Democratic Republic of the Congo República Democrática do Congo
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Kinshasa Quinxassa

Denmark edit

  Denmark Dinamarca
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Copenhagen Copenhaga (E), Copenhague (B)
Frisia Frísia Frisland Danish
Greenland Gronelândia (E), Groenlândia (B) Grønland, Kalaallit Nunaat Danish, Greenlandic
Jutland Jutlândia

Dominican Republic edit

  Dominican Republic República Dominicana
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Santo Domingo São Domingos

Egypt edit

  Egypt Egito
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Alexandria Alexandria Iskandariyya Arabic
Cairo Cairo Qāhirah Arabic

Estonia edit

  Estonia Estónia (E), Estônia (B)
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Tallinn Talim

Ethiopia edit

  Ethiopia Etiópia
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Addis Ababa Adis Abeba

Finland edit

  Finland Finlândia
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Åland Alanda (E) Ahvenanmaa Finnish
Helsinki Helsínquia (E), Helsinque (B) Helsinki Finnish
Lapland Lapónia (E), Lapônia (B) Lapin Finnish

France edit

  France França
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Alsace Alsácia
Aquitaine Aquitânia
Artois Artésia
Auvergne Auvérnia
Avignon Avinhão
Bayonne Baiona
Bordeaux Bordéus (E, B)
Burgundy Borgonha
  Brittany Bretanha
Calais Calêsio (B)
Carcassonne Carcassona
Cayenne Caiena
Champagne Champanhe
Corsica Córsega
Dunkirk Dunquerque Dunkerque
Duunkerke
Duinkerke
French
French Flemish
Dutch
Franche-Comté Franco-Condado
  French Guiana Guiana Francesa Guyane française French
  Gascony Gasconha
Lorraine Lorena
Lyon Lião (E)
Marseille Marselha
Meuse Mosa
Narbonne Narbona
  Normandy Normandia
Orléans Orleães (E), Orleans (E)
Perpignan Perpinhão (E), Perpinhã (B)
  Picardy Picardia
Provençe Provença
Pyrenees Pirenéus/Pirinéus (E), Pireneus (B)
Rhône Ródano
Rouen Ruão (E, B)
Seine Sena
Strasbourg Estrasburgo
Toulouse Tolosa
Vendée Vendeia
Vienne Viena (E)

Germany edit

  Germany Alemanha
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Aachen Aquisgrano, Aquisgrão
Augsburg Augsburgo
Baden Bade
Bavaria Baviera
Berlin Berlim
Bonn Bona (E)
Braunschweig Brunsvique (E, B)
Bremen Brema (E)
Coburg Coburgo
Cologne Colónia (E), Colônia (B)
Dresden Dresda (E)
Frankfurt Francoforte
Freiburg Friburgo (E)
Frisia Frísia
Gotha Gota
Göttingen Gotinga (E)
Hamburg Hamburgo
Hamelin Hamelim (E)
Hanover Hanôver
Heidelberg Heidelberga
Hesse Héssia
Koblenz Coblença (E)
Konstanz Constança (E)
Leipzig Lípsia
Lübeck Lubeque
Mainz Mogúncia (E)
Mecklenburg Meclemburgo
Munich Munique
Nuremberg Nuremberga (E), Nuremberg (B), Nurembergue (B)
Pomerania Pomerânia
Regensburg Ratisbona (E), Regensburgo
Rhine Reno
Rhineland Renânia
Saarland Sarre
Saxony Saxónia (E), Saxônia (B)
Schmalkalden Esmalcalda
Stuttgart Estugarda (E, B)
Thuringia Turíngia
Tübingen Tubinga (E)
Westphalia Vestefália (E), Vestfália (B)
Württemberg Vurtemburga (E)
Würzburg Vurzburgo

Greece edit

  Greece Grécia
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Athens Atenas
Attica Ática
Boeotia Beócia
Cephalonia Cefalónia (E), Cefalônia (B)
Corfu Corfu Kerkýra Greek
Corinth Corinto
Crete Creta
Cyclades Cíclades
Dodecanese Dodecaneso
Epirus Épiro
Euboea Eubeia
Ionian Islands Ilhas Jónicas
Macedonia Macedónia (E), Macedônia (B)
Marathon Maratona
Nafpaktos Lepanto
Peloponnese Peloponeso
Piraeus Pireu
Rhodes Rodes
Samothrace Samotrácia
Sparta Esparta
Thebes Tebas
Thessaloniki (Tes)salónica (E), (Tes)salônica (B)
Thessaly Tessália
Thrace Trácia
Zakynthos Zaquintos

Guatemala edit

  Guatemala Guatemala
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Guatemala City Cidade da Guatemala Ciudad de Guatemala Spanish

Haiti edit

  Haiti Haiti
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Port-au-Prince Porto Príncipe, Porto do Príncipe Pòtoprens Haitian Creole

India edit

  India Índia
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Daman Damão
Hyderabad Hiderabade
Kashmir Caxemira (E, B)
Kolkata Calcutá Kólkata Bengali
Mumbai Bombaim Mumbaī Maratha
New Delhi Nova Deli, Nova Delhi, Nova Déli
Panaji Pangim, Nova Goa "Nova Goa" is a historical name

Indonesia edit

  Indonesia Indonésia
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Aceh Achém Aceh
Ambon Amboíno, Ambão
Borneo Bornéu Kalimantan Indonesian
Jakarta Jacarta
Kupang Cupao
Makassar Macáçar, Macaçar
Palembang Palimbão
Sulawesi Celebes

Iran edit

  Iran Irão (E), Irã (P)
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Tehran Teerão (E), Teerã (B)

Iraq edit

  Iraq Iraque
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Baghdad Bagdade (E), Bagdá (B) Baġdād Arabic
Basra Baçorá Baṣrah Arabic
Mosul Mossul Mawsil Arabic

Ireland edit

  Ireland Irlanda
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Dublin Dublim Baile Átha Cliath Irish

Israel and Palestine edit

  Israel Israel e   Palestine Palestina
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Bethlehem Belém
Galilee Galileia Hagalil Hebrew
Jaffa Jafa
Jerusalem Jerusalém
Nazareth Nazaré
Tel Aviv Telavive

Italy edit

  Italy Itália
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Arezzo Arécio
Assisí Assis
Baragiano Barajão (E)
Calabria Calábria
Cagliari Cálhari (E)
Campania Campânia
Florence Florença
Genoa Génova (E), Gênova (B)
Lazio Lácio
Liguria Ligúria
Mantua Mântua
Milan Milão
Naples Nápoles
Padua Pádua
Piacenza Plasência (E)
Piedmont Piemonte
Sardinia Sardenha
Sicily Sicília
Tiber Tibre
Turin Turim
Venice Veneza
Vesuvius Vesúvio

Jamaica edit

  Jamaica Jamaica
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Port Royal Porto Real

Japan edit

  Japan Japão
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Kyoto Quioto
Nagasaki Nagasáqui
Tokyo Tóquio

Kenya edit

  Kenya Quénia (E), Quênia (B)
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Nairobi Nairóbi
Mombasa Mombaça, Mombassa

Latvia edit

  Latvia Letónia (E), Letônia (B)
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Courland Curlândia (E) Kurzeme Latvian
Latgallia Lat(e)gália (E), Let(e)gália (E) Latgale Latvian
Semigallia Semigália (E), Semigola (E) Zemgale Latvian

Lebanon edit

  Lebanon Líbano
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Beirut Beirute Bayrūt Arabic
Sidon Sídon, Sidom Saydā Arabic

Lithuania edit

  Lithuania Lituânia
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Klaipėda Memel(burgo) (E)
Samogitia Samogícia
Vilnius Vilna

Luxembourg edit

  Luxembourg Luxemburgo
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Luxembourg Luxemburgo

Malaysia edit

  Malaysia Malásia
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Johor Jor
Kuala Lumpur Cuala Lumpur, Quala Lumpur, Cualalumpur
Penang Penão, Pinão

Mali edit

  Mali Mali, Máli
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Bamako Bamaco
Djenné Jené
Timbuktu Tombuctu

Mexico edit

  Mexico México
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Baja California Baixa Califórnia
Baja California Sur Baixa Califórnia do Sul
Chihuahua Chiuaua
Mexico City Cidade do México Ciudad de México Spanish
Yucatán Iucatão (E), Iucatã (B) Yucatán Spanish

Moldova edit

  Moldova Molávia, Moldova
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Chişinău Quichineve

Morocco edit

  Morocco Marrocos
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Agadir Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué (E)
Casablanca Casa Branca (E), Casabranca (E)
Draa Drá
El Jadida Mazagão
Kasba Tadla Tédula
Marrakesh Marraquexe
Meknes Meknès, Mequinez
Ouarzazate Uarzazate
Rabat Rebate
Sous Sus, Suz
Tafilalt Tafilal(e)t, Tafilete
Tangier Tânger

Myanmar edit

  Myanmar Myanmar, Mianmar, Miamar
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Rangoon Rangum Yangon Burmese

Nepal edit

    Nepal Nepal
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Kathmandu Catmandu

Netherlands edit

  Netherlands Países Baixos
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Amsterdam Amesterdão (E), Amsterdã (B)
Frisia Frísia Friesland, Fryslân Dutch, Frisian
Groningen Groninga (E)
Holland Holanda
Leiden Leida (E)
Limburg Limburgo
Meuse Mosa (E)
Nijmegen Nimega (E)
Rhine Reno
Rotterdam Roterdão (E), Roterdã (B)
The Hague Haia
Tilburg Tilburgo
Utrecht Utreque (E)
Zeeland Zelândia

North Korea edit

  North Korea Coreia do Norte
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Pyongyang Pionguiangue

North Macedonia edit

  North Macedonia Macedónia do Norte (E), Macedônia do Norte (B)
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Skopje Escópia

Pakistan edit

  Pakistan Paquistão
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Hyderabad Hiderabade
Islamabad Islamabade
Karachi Carachi, Caráchi
Kashmir Caxemira

Panama edit

  Panama Panamá
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Panama City Cidade do Panamá Ciudad de Panamá Spanish

Paraguay edit

  Paraguay Paraguai
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Asunción Assunção Paraguay Guarani
Ciudad del Este Cidade do Leste Táva Kuarahyresẽme Guarani

Poland edit

  Poland Polónia, Polônia
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Bydgoszcz Bidoges
Gdańsk Danges
Cracow Cracóvia Kraków Polish
Lublin Lublim (E)
Mazovia Mazóvia Mazowsze Polish
Mazuria Mazúria Mazury Polish
Olsztyn Ouxetim
Pomerania Pomerânia Pomorze Polish
Szczecin Estetino
Silesia Silésia Ślōnsk Silesian
Warsaw Varsóvia Warszawa Polish
Wrocław Breslau (E), Breslávia (E), Vratislávia (E)

Romania edit

  Romania Romênia
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Banat Banato
Bessarabia Bessarábia Basarab Romanian
Bucharest Bucareste
Constanţa Constança
Transylvania Transilvânia
Wallachia Valáquia

Russia edit

  Russia Rússia
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Adygea Adiguésia, Adigeia
Arkhangelsk Arcangel
Bashkortostan Bascortostão
Chechnya (T)che(t)chénia (E), (T)che(t)chênia (B)
Dagestan Daguestão
Ingushetia Inguchétia
Kabardino-Balkaria Cabárdia-Balcária
Kaliningrad Kaliningrado
Kalmykia Calmúquia
Karachay-Cherkessia Carachai-Circássia
Karelia Carélia
Kazan Cazã
Mordovia Mordóvia
Moscow Moscovo (E), Moscou (B)
Orenburg Oremburgo
Ossetia Ossétia
Saint Petersburg São Petersburgo, Sampetersburgo
Siberia Sibéria
Tatarstan Tataristão
Udmurtia Udmúrtia
Volgograd Volgogrado
Yekaterinburg Ecaterimburgo

Saudi Arabia edit

  Saudi Arabia Arábia Saudita
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Jeddah Gidá, Jidá
Mecca Meca
Riyadh Riade

Serbia edit

  Serbia Sérvia
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Belgrad Belgrado Beograd Serbian
Banat Banato
Danube Danúbio Dunav Serbian
Novi Beograd Nova Belgrado
Smederevo Semêndria

Singapore edit

  Singapore Singapura, Cingapura
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Singapore Singapura, Cingapura Singapura, Xīnjiāpō, Chiṅkappūr Malay, Mandarin, Tamil The spelling "Cingapura" is still widely used despite being officially discontinued in 1943.

Slovenia edit

  Slovenia Eslovénia (E)/ Eslovênia (B)
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Koper Capodístria
Maribor Marburgo

South Africa edit

  South Africa África do Sul
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Bloemfontein Blumefontaina ǀʼAuxa ǃXās, Mangaung
Cape Town Cidade do Cabo Kaapstad, iKapa
Johannesburg Joanesburgo eGoli
Pretoria Pretória ePitoli
Port Elizabeth Porto Elizabeth Gqeberha, Die Baai, iBhayi

South Korea edit

  South Korea Coreia do Sul
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Seoul Seul

Spain edit

  Spain Espanha
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Andalusia Andaluzia
Aragon Aragão Aragón, Aragó Spanish, Aragonese
Asturias Astúrias
Badajoz Badalhouce Historical, Obsolete
Balearic Islands Ilhas Baleares Islas Baleares, Illes Balears Spanish, Catalan
Basque Country País Basco Euskal Herria Basque
Bilbao Bilbau (E) Bilbo Basque
Biscay Biscaia
Cádiz Cádis (E)
Canary Islands Ilhas Canárias Islas Canarias Spanish
Cantabria Cantábria
Castile Castela
Catalonia Catalunha Cataluña, Catalunya Spanish, Catalan
Ciudad Rodrigo Cidade Rodrigo
Córdoba Córdova
Corunna Corunha La Coruña, A Coruña Spanish, Galician
Galicia Galiza, Galícia (B)
Gran Canaria Grã-Canária, Grande Canária
Guadalajara Guadalaxara (E?)
Jaén Xaém (E)
La Mancha (A) Mancha
León Leão
Logroño Logronho
Madrid Madri (B)
Mallorca Maiorca
Melilla Melilha
Menorca Minorca
Murcia Múrcia
Olivenza Olivença
Orense Ourense
Palencia Palência/Palença
Pyrenees Pirenéus/Pirinéus (E), Pireneus (B)
San Sebastián São Sebastião (E)
Seville Sevilha
Sierra Nevada Serra Nevada
Valencia Valência
Valladolid Valhadolide (E)
Zamora Samora
Zaragoza Saragoça

Sudan edit

  Sudan Sudão
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Khartoum Cartum Kharṭūm Arabic

Sweden edit

  Sweden Suécia
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Gotland Gotlândia
Gothenburg Gotemburgo Göteborg Swedish
Helsingborg Helsimburgo
Lappland Lapónia (E), Lapônia (B)
Scania Escânia Skåne Swedish
Stockholm Estocolmo

Switzerland edit

   Switzerland Suíça
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Basel Basileia
Bern Berna
Fribourg Friburgo
Geneva Genebra Genève French
Lausanne Lausana (E)
Lucerne Lucerna Luzern German
Solothurn Soleura
Zürich Zurique

Syria edit

  Syria Síria
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Damascus Damasco Dimashq, Shām Arabic

Tanzania edit

  Tanzania Tanzânia, Tanzania
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Arusha Aruxa
Dar es Salaam Dar es Salã

Thailand edit

  Thailand Tailândia
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Bangkok Banguecoque (E), Bancoque (B)

Turkey edit

  Turkey Turquia
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Istanbul Istambul

Uganda edit

  Uganda Uganda
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Kampala Campala

Ukraine edit

  Ukraine Ucrânia
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Kyiv Quieve
Zaporizhzhia Zaporíjia

United Kingdom edit

  United Kingdom Reino Unido
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Ascension Ascensão
Cambridge Cambrígia, Cantabrígia
Canterbury Cantuária (E)
Channel Islands Ilhas do Canal (da Mancha)
Cornwall Cornualha
Edinburgh Edimburgo
Edinburgh of the Seven Seas Edimburgo dos Sete Mares
England Inglaterra
English Channel Canal da Mancha
Falkland Islands Ilhas Malvinas, Ilhas Falkland
Hebrides Hébridas
Jersey Jérsia (E), Jérsei
Lancaster Lencastre
London Londres
Orkney Órcadas, Órcades
Oxford Oxónia (E), Oxônia (B)
Plymouth Plimude
Saint Helena Santa Helena
Scotland Escócia
Tristan da Cunha Tristão da Cunha
Thames Tamisa (E), Tâmisa (B)
Wales (País de) Gales
York Iorque (E)

United States edit

  United States Estados Unidos
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Alaska Alasca
California Califórnia
Disneyland Disneylândia
Florida Flórida, Florida
Georgia Geórgia
Guam Guã, Guame
Hawaii Havai (E), Havaí (B) Hawai'i Hawaiian
Indianapolis Indianápolis
Louisiana Luisiana
Minneapolis Mineápolis
New England Nova Inglaterra
New Hampshire Nova Hampshire, Novo Hampshire
New Jersey Nova Jérsia (E), Nova Jérsei (B)
New Mexico Novo México
New Orleans Nova Orleães (E), Nova Orleans (B)
New York Nova York, Nova Iorque
North Carolina Carolina do Norte
North Dakota Dacota do Norte, Dakota do Norte
Northern Mariana Islands Ilhas Marianas Setentrionais, Ilhas Marianas do Norte
Oregon Óregon
Pennsylvania Pensilvânia
Philadelphia Filadélfia
Puerto Rico Porto Rico
San Diego São Diego
San Francisco São Francisco
South Carolina Carolina do Sul
South Dakota Dacota do Sul, Dakota do Sul
Vermont Vermonte
Virginia Virgínia
West Virginia Virgínia Ocidental

Uruguay edit

  Uruguay Uruguai
English name Portuguese name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Colonia del Sacramento Colónia do Sacramento (E), Colônia do Sacramento (B)
Montevideo Montevideu (E), Montevidéu (B)

See also edit