Summary
Potassium iodate (KIO3) is an ionic chemical compound consisting of K+ ions and IO3− ions in a 1:1 ratio.
| |
| |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Potassium iodate
| |
| Other names
Iodic acid, potassium salt
| |
| Identifiers | |
| |
3D model (JSmol)
|
|
| ChemSpider |
|
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.028.938 |
| EC Number |
|
| E number | E917 (glazing agents, ...) |
PubChem CID
|
|
| RTECS number |
|
| UNII |
|
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
|
|
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| KIO3 | |
| Molar mass | 214.001 g/mol |
| Appearance | white crystalline powder |
| Odor | odorless |
| Density | 3.89 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 560 °C (1,040 °F; 833 K) (decomposes) |
| 4.74 g/100 mL (0 °C) 9.16 g/100 mL (25 °C) 32.3 g/100 mL (100 °C) | |
| Solubility | soluble in KI solution insoluble in alcohol, liquid ammonia, nitric acid |
| −63.1·10−6 cm3/mol | |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling: | |
  
| |
| H272, H302, H318 | |
| P210, P280, P301+P312+P330, P305+P351+P338+P310 | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Related compounds | |
Other anions
|
Potassium chlorate Potassium bromate |
Other cations
|
Sodium iodate |
Related compounds
|
Potassium iodide Potassium periodate |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
 verify (what is   ?)
Infobox references
| |
Preparation and propertiesEdit
Potassium iodate is an oxidizing agent and as such it can cause fires if in contact with combustible materials or reducing agents. It can be prepared by reacting a potassium-containing base such as potassium hydroxide with iodic acid, for example:
It can also be prepared by adding iodine to a hot, concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide.
Or by fusing potassium iodide with potassium chlorate, bromate or perchlorate, the melt is extracted with water and potassium iodate is isolated from the solution by crystallization:[1]
- KI + KClO3 → KIO3 + KCl
Conditions/substances to avoid include: heat, shock, friction, combustible materials, reducing materials, aluminium, organic compounds, carbon, hydrogen peroxide and sulfides.
ApplicationsEdit
Potassium iodate is sometimes used for iodination of table salt to prevent iodine deficiency. Because iodide can be oxidized to iodine by molecular oxygen under wet conditions, US companies add thiosulfates or other antioxidants to the potassium iodide. In other countries, potassium iodate is used as a source for dietary iodine. It is also an ingredient in some baby formula.
Like potassium bromate, potassium iodate is occasionally used as a maturing agent in baking.
Radiation protectionEdit
Potassium iodate may be used to protect against accumulation of radioactive iodine in the thyroid by saturating the body with a stable source of iodine prior to exposure.[2] Approved by the World Health Organization for radiation protection, potassium iodate (KIO3) is an alternative to potassium iodide (KI), which has poor shelf life in hot and humid climates.[3] The UK, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, and the U.S. states Idaho and Utah all maintain potassium iodate tablets towards this end.[citation needed] Following the September 11 attacks, the government of Ireland issued potassium iodate tablets to all households for a similar purpose.[4]
| Age | KI in mg | KIO3 in mg |
|---|---|---|
| Over 12 years old | 130 | 170 |
| 3 – 12 years old | 65 | 85 |
| 1 – 36 months old | 32 | 42 |
| < 1 month old | 16 | 21 |
Potassium iodate is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a thyroid blocker, and the FDA has taken action against US websites that promote this use.[6][7]
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0-07-049439-8
- ^ Astbury, John; Horsley, Stephen; Gent, Nick (1999), "Evaluation of a scheme for the pre-distribution of stable iodine (potassium iodate) to the civilian population residing within the immediate countermeasures zone of a nuclear submarine construction facility", Journal of Public Health, 21 (4): 2008–10, doi:10.1093/pubmed/21.4.412, PMID 11469363, archived from the original on 2008-09-05
- ^ Pahuja, D.N.; Rajan, M.G.; Borkar, A.V.; Samuel, A.M. (Nov 2008), "Potassium iodate and its comparison to potassium iodide as a blocker of 131I uptake by the thyroid in rats", Health Physics, 65 (5): 545–9, doi:10.1097/00004032-199311000-00014, PMID 8225995
- ^ "Decision to Discontinue the Future Distribution of Iodine Tablets". Archived from the original on 2013-10-18. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
- ^ Guidelines for Iodine Prophylaxis following Nuclear Accidents (PDF), Geneva: World Health Organization, 1999
- ^ "Potassium iodide vs potassium iodate. Which one works?".
- ^ http://www.nukepills.com/docs/Potassium%20Iodate%20warning%20letter.pdf[bare URL PDF]