Mirian was born in 1767 into the family of Heraclius II, King of Kartli and Kakheti and his third wife Darejan née Princess Dadiani. He was the fifth son and the ninth child born of this union. Upon signing of the Treaty of Georgievsk between Heraclius II and Catherine II of Russia in 1783, Mirian and his brother, the hierodeacon Anton, journeyed to St. Petersburg and were attached to the Imperial court.^[1] On this occasion, Mirian was commissioned into the Russian service as a colonel of the Iziumsky Light Cavalry Regiment. During the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792), he served at Kuban. Promoted to major general in 1793, Mirian was the chief of the Kabardinsky Musketeer Regiment from 3 December 1796 to 27 January 1798. He saw service under the command of Count Ivan Gudovich on the Caucasus Line. During these years, he had a regular correspondence with his father and the Georgian court.^[2][3]

In January 1798, as his father lay dying, Mirian hurried to Telavi, bringing with him a doctor from Astrakhan, Girtzius. Arriving at home, he found Heraclius dead and his family descending into a dynastic crisis as his mother, Queen Dowager Darejan, insisted that Heraclius's successor and her step-son, George XII, remained pursuant to the late ruler's 1791 testament, requiring the king's successor to pass the throne not to his offspring, but to his eldest brother. This new rule would have made Mirian the fourth in the line of succession, behind George and his brothers, Iulon and Vakhtang. George XII reneged on the testament and obtained from Tsar Paul I of Russia recognition of his son, David, as heir-apparent on 18 April 1799.^[4] These developments threw the country in a state of more confusion following George’s death in December 1800 as Darejan and her party, of which Prince Mirian, having retired from the Russian service, was a member, attempted to secure the succession for Prince Iulon. Eventually, the Tsar confirmed none of the pretenders and proceeded to make the annexation of Georgia to the Russian Empire in September 1801.^[5]

In contrast to his brothers—Iulon, Parnaoz, Alexander, and Vakhtang—Mirian did not take up arms or try to resist the deportation of the Georgian royal family effected by the Russian administration. On 15 March 1801 Mirian acceded to the Tsar's request and departed for Russia. Later in 1801, he was awarded the Russian Order of St. Anna 1st Class. In 1803 he permanently settled in St. Petersburg, where he served as an Actual Privy Councilor and senator.^[2][6][5]

During his years in St. Petersburg, Mirian translated from Russian the sermons of the Greek religious author Ilias Miniatis and Der Freigeist, a tragedy by the German playwright Joachim Wilhelm von Brawe. Himself a poet of some talent, Mirian composed love-poetry influenced by his contemporaries, David Guramishvili and Besiki, the finest pre-Romanticist Georgian poets. Better known is Mirian's poetic address to his fellow Georgian exiles, "Come, young men, gather, valiant warriors" (მოვედით, მოყმენო, შეკრებით, ჯომარდნო).^[7] Mirian helped preserve and transmit the poetry of Guramishvili, who, a seasoned veteran of the Russian army, lived in obscurity at his provincial estate in Ukraine. He met Mirian at Kremenchuk in 1787 and through him sent his writings to Georgia.^[8][2]

Mirian died in St. Petersburg in 1834, at age 67. He was interred at the necropolis of the Georgian nobility at the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.^[2][9]

Mirian married in St. Petersburg on 22 April 1814 Princess Maria (17 June 1788 – 31 May 1815), daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Prince Alexander Yakovlevitch Khilkov. She died a year after the marriage and was buried at the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Mirian had no children.^[5][10][11]

• Berdznishvili, M. (1984). "მირიან ბატონიშვილი [Mirian Batonishvili]" [Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia]. ქართული საბჭოთა ენცილოპედია (in Georgian). Vol. 7. Tbilisi. p. 12.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Brosset, Marie-Félicité (1840). "Inscriptions tumulaires géorgiennes de Moscou et de St.-Pétersbourg" [Georgian tombstone inscriptions from Moscow and St. Petersburg]. Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pètersbourg. 6 (in French). 4. St.-Pétersbourg: L'académie Impériale des Sciences: 461–521.
• Dumin, S.V., ed. (1996). Дворянские роды Российской империи. Том 3. Князья [Noble families of the Russian Empire. Volume 3: Princes] (in Russian). Moscow: Linkominvest.
• Gvosdev, Nikolas K. (2000). Imperial policies and perspectives towards Georgia, 1760–1819. New York: Palgrave. ISBN 0312229909.
• Lang, David Marshall (1957). The Last Years of the Georgian Monarchy, 1658-1832. New York: Columbia University Press.
• Makhobeshvili, Giorgi (15 September 2012). "მირიან ბაგრატიონის (ბატონიშვილის) "მოვედით, მოყმენო"" ["Come, young men" by Mirian Bagrationi (Batonishvili)] (in Georgian). Presa.ge. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
• Rayfield, Donald (2000). The Literature of Georgia: A History (2nd, revised ed.). Richmond, England: Curzon Press. ISBN 0-7007-1163-5.