Summary
Pterocarya fraxinifolia is a species of tree in the Juglandaceae family. It is commonly known as the Caucasian wingnut or Caucasian walnut. It is native to the Caucasian region Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Ukraine and Turkey. It was introduced to France in 1784, and to Great Britain after 1800.[2]
| Pterocarya fraxinifolia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Characteristic fruits of Caucasian wingnut | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Juglandaceae |
| Genus: | Pterocarya |
| Species: | P. fraxinifolia
|
| Binomial name | |
| Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Lam.) Spach
| |
| Synonyms | |
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Description edit
The tree is monoecious and grows to a height of < 30 m, the short, thick bole supporting widely spreading branches to form a rounded structure, not unlike the wych elm. The pinnate leaves can exceed 60 cm in length, comprising 7 - 27 sessile leaflets. The flowers appear in April, the male catkins thick and green, 7.5 – 12.5 cm long, the females longer with less dense flowers, bearing red styles forming fruiting catkins 30 – 50 cm long, the green, winged, nuts approximately 1.8 cm wide.[3]
Ecology edit
The species is fast growing and grows best on flat ground or shallow slopes near river banks and in deep moist soils. The climate associated with the distribution of this tree includes mild winters and mild humid summers. It generally grows in mixed stands with other species and rarely grows in pure stands.[citation needed]
Fossil record edit
Fossils of Pterocarya fraxinifolia have been described from the fossil flora of Kızılcahamam district in Turkey, which is of early Pliocene age.[4]
References edit
- ^ Bétrisey, S.; Song, Y.; Yousefzadeh, H.; Kozlowski, G. (2019). "Pterocarya fraxinifolia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T66815986A66816002. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T66815986A66816002.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ^ "Caucasian Wingnut – Keele University Arboretum". Retrieved 2010-10-21.
- ^ Phillips, R. (1978). Trees in Britain, Europe & North America. Pan Books, London.
- ^ Kasaplıgil, Baki (1977). "Ankara, Kızılcahamam yakınındaki Güvem köyü civarında bulunan son tersiyer kozalaklı-yeşil yapraklı ormanı" [A Late-Tertiary Conifer-Hardwood Forest From the Vicinity of Güvem Village, Near Kızılcahamam, Ankara] (PDF). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration (in Turkish and English). 88. Ankara: General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration: 94-102.
External links edit
- Pterocarya fraxinifolia - information, genetic conservation units and related resources. European Forest Genetic Resources Programme (EUFORGEN)