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Ptychoceratodus

Summary

Ptychoceratodus is an extinct genus of lungfish living from Early Triassic to Middle Jurassic. It was established by Otto Jaekel for one species (P. runcinatus), transferred from Ceratodus genus.[8] Type species is P. serratus from the Middle Triassic of Switzerland and Germany.[8][9] Ptychoceratodus had two pairs of massive dental plates, bearing 4-6 acute ridges. Its skull roof was composed from massive, plate-like bones. In the central part of skull roof was localized an unossified fenestra. Most of the Ptychoceratodus findings are isolated dental plates, some associated with jaws. Other parts of skull or postcranial skeleton are relatively rarely found as fossils. The anatomy of skull is the best recognized in P. serratus,[9] whereas less complete cranial material is available also for P. concinuus, P. phillipsi, and P. rectangulus.[10] Although Ptychoceratodus is known exclusively from the Triassic and Jurassic,[11] there were also Cretaceous specimens referred to this genus. However, they are more often regarded as representants of Metaceratodus.[12]Ptychoceratodus is the only member of the family Ptychoceratodontidae.[13][14] The first named species is P. phillipsi by Louis Agassiz in 1837 as a species of Ceratodus and later moved to Ptychoceratodus genus.[6] Occurrences of Ptychoceratodus come mainly from Europe.[15][8] However, occurrences from other continents suggest it was dispersed globally during the Triassic.[15] After 2010, the new fossil material behind the Europe was reported from South America,[16] India,[5] and Greenland[10]

Ptychoceratodus
Temporal range: Early Triassic-Middle Jurassic
~251–163 Ma
Skull roof bones and jaws of Ptychoceratodus serratus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Sarcopterygii
Subclass:
Dipnoi
Suborder:
Ceratodontoidei
Family:
†Ptychoceratodontidae
Genus:
†Ptychoceratodus

Jaekel, 1926
Binomial name
†Ptychoceratodus phillipsi
Agassiz, 1837
Species
  • †P. acutus Priem, 1924 (vide Martin, 1982)[1]
  • †P. cionei Apestigua et al., 2007[2]
  • †P. concinnus Meyer and Pleninger, 1844 (vide Martin, 1982)[1][3]
  • †P. cuyanus Agnolin et al., 2017[4]
  • †P. donensis Vorobyeva and Minikh, 1968 (vide Martin, 1982)[1]
  • †P. gracilis Vorobyeva and Minikh, 1968
  • †P. oldhami Bhat & Ray, 2018[5]
  • †P. ornatus Broom, 1908 (vide Martin, 1982)[1]
  • †P. phillipsi Agassiz, 1837 (vide Martin, 1982)[1][6]
  • †P. rectangulus Linck, 1936 (vide Martin, 1982)[1]
  • †P. serratus Agassiz, 1838 (vide Apestigua et al., 2007)[2][6]
  • †P. szecuhanensis Young, 1942 (vide Martin, 1982)[1][7]
  • †P. viropa Oldham, 1859 (vide Martin, 1982)[1]
  • †P. wichmanni Apestigua et al., 2007[2]
Synonyms
  • Ceratodus acutus Priem, 1924
  • Ceratodus concinnus Meyer & Pleninger, 1844
  • Ceratodus donensis Vorobyeva and Minikh, 1968
  • Ceratodus ornatus Broom, 1908
  • Ceratodus phillipsi Agassiz, 1836
  • Ceratodus rectangulus Linck, 1936
  • Ceratodus serratus Agassiz, 1838
  • Ceratodus szechuanensis Young, 1942
  • Ferganoceratodus szechuanensis Young, 1942
  • Ceratodus viropa Oldham, 1859

Fossil distribution edit

Fossils of Ptychoceratodus have been found in:[17]

Triassic
Jurassic

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h M. Martin. 1982. Nouvelles données sur la phylogénie et la systématique des dipneustes postpaléozoïques [New data on the phylogeny and systematics of post-Paleozoic dipnoans]. Comptes Rendues de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, Série II 294:611-614
  2. ^ a b c S. Apesteguia, F. L. Agnolin, and K. Claeson. 2007. Review of Cretaceous dipnoans from Argentina (Sarcopterygii: Dipnoi) with descriptions of new species. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales nueva serie 9(1):27-40
  3. ^ H. v. Meyer and T. Plieninger. 1844. Beiträge zur Paläontologie Württemberg’s, enthaltend die Fossilen Wirbelthierreste aus den Triasgebilden mit Besonderer Rücksicht auf die Labyrinthodonten des Keupers [Contributions to the Paleontology of Württemberg, Including the Fossil Vertebrate Remains from the Triassic Formations with Special Regard to the Labyrinthodonts of the Keupers] 1-132
  4. ^ F. L. Agnolin, S. Bogan, F. Brissón Egli, F. E. Novas, M. P. Isasi, C. Marsicano, A. Zavattieri and A. Mancuso. 2017. A new lungfish (Dipnoi) from the Late Triassic of South America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37(1):e1245665
  5. ^ a b c Mohd Shafi Bhat; Sanghamitra Ray (2020). "A record of new lungfishes (Osteichthyes: Dipnoi) from the Carnian (Upper Triassic) of India". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 32 (3): 428–437. doi:10.1080/08912963.2018.1499020. S2CID 92040062.
  6. ^ a b c L. Agassiz. 1838. Recherches Sur Les Poissons Fossiles. Tome III (livr. 11). Imprimérie de Petitpierre, Neuchatel 73-140
  7. ^ C.-C. Young. 1942. Fossil vertebrates from Kuangyuan, N. Szechuan, China. Bulletin of the Geological Society of China 22(-34):293-309
  8. ^ a b c d Skrzycki, Piotr (2015-09-03). "New species of lungfish (Sarcopterygii, Dipnoi) from the Late Triassic Krasiejów site in Poland, with remarks on the ontogeny of Triassic dipnoan tooth plates". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35 (5): e964357. Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E4357S. doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.964357. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 83615924.
  9. ^ a b c Schultze, Hans-Peter. "Das Schädeldach eines ceratodontiden Lungenfisches aus der Trias Süddeutschlands (Dipnoi, Pisces)". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 70: 1–31.
  10. ^ a b c Pawlak, Wojciech; Tałanda, Mateusz; Sulej, Tomasz; Niedźwiedzki, Grzegorz (2020). "Dipnoan from the Upper Triassic of East Greenland and remarks about palaeobiogeography of Ptychoceratodus". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 65. doi:10.4202/app.00679.2019. S2CID 219423302.
  11. ^ Kemp, Anne; Cavin, Lionel; Guinot, Guillaume (April 2017). "Evolutionary history of lungfishes with a new phylogeny of post-Devonian genera". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 471: 209–219. Bibcode:2017PPP...471..209K. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.12.051.
  12. ^ Cione, Alberto L.; Gouiric-Cavalli, Soledad (June 2012). "Metaceratodus kaopen comb. nov. and M. wichmanni comb. nov., two Late Cretaceous South American species of an austral lungfish genus (Dipnoi)". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 36 (2): 203–216. doi:10.1080/03115518.2012.621804. hdl:11336/95661. ISSN 0311-5518. S2CID 129153266.
  13. ^ Skrzycki, Piotr (2015-09-03). "New species of lungfish (Sarcopterygii, Dipnoi) from the Late Triassic Krasiejów site in Poland, with remarks on the ontogeny of Triassic dipnoan tooth plates". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35 (5): e964357. Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E4357S. doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.964357. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 83615924.
  14. ^ Cavin, Lionel; Longbottom, A. E.; Richter, Martha (2008). Fishes and the Break-up of Pangaea. Geological Society of London. ISBN 9781862392489.
  15. ^ a b Skrzycki, Piotr; Niedźwiedzki, Grzegorz; Tałanda, Mateusz (May 2018). "Dipnoan remains from the Lower-Middle Triassic of the Holy Cross Mountains and northeastern Poland, with remarks on dipnoan palaeobiogeography". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 496: 332–345. Bibcode:2018PPP...496..332S. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.01.049.
  16. ^ Agnolín, Federico L.; Bogan, Sergio; Egli, Federico Brissón; Novas, Fernando E.; Isasi, Marcelo P.; Marsicano, Claudia; Zavattieri, Ana; Mancuso, Adriana (2017-01-02). "A new lungfish (Dipnoi) from the Late Triassic of South America". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 37 (1): e1245665. Bibcode:2017JVPal..37E5665A. doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1245665. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 132292539.
  17. ^ [ Ptychoceratodus] at Fossilworks.org
  18. ^ Cuny, Gilles; Martin, Michel; Rauscher, Raymond; Mazin, Jean-Michel (September 1998). "A new neoselachian shark from the Upper Triassic of Grozon (Jura, France)". Geological Magazine. 135 (5): 657–668. Bibcode:1998GeoM..135..657C. doi:10.1017/S0016756898001435. ISSN 0016-7568. S2CID 56012616.