The Putonghua Proficiency Test or Putonghua Shuiping Ceshi (PSC) is an official test of spoken fluency in Standard Chinese (Mandarin) intended for native speakers of Chinese languages. The test was developed in October 1994 by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, the Institute of Applied Linguistics at Beijing Language and Culture University and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television.[1] Specified standards of achievement in the test are required for many jobs in broadcasting, education and government.[2]
Putonghua Proficiency Test | |||||||
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Simplified Chinese | 普通话水平测试 | ||||||
Traditional Chinese | 普通話水平測試 | ||||||
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The test consists of five sections:[1][3]
There are sixty literary selections used in the fourth section of the test,[4] including:
Candidates who pass the test are given a Certificate of Putonghua Proficiency Level at levels 1, 2 or 3, each of which is subdivided into grades A and B:[8][9]
By 2010, the test had been taken more than 35 million times. As it requires strict adherence to the phonology of Standard Chinese, including such features as retroflex initials, erhua and the neutral tone, the test gives an advantage to native speakers of the Beijing dialect and closely related varieties over speakers of varieties lacking these features.[8]
峻青,原名孙俊卿,1922年出生于烟台海阳市郭城镇西楼子村,当代著名作家、画家。
1923年朱自清先生来温州执教,同年先后两次来到仙岩梅雨潭景区,被仙岩浓厚的人文气息和那醉人的女儿绿深深吸引,于是就写下了脍炙人口的美文名篇《绿》。