Pyrosilicate Knowpia

Pyrosilicate anion
Names
	IUPAC name Pyrosilicate
	Other names disilicate, diorthosilicate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:29380 ;
ChemSpider	5257009 ;
Gmelin Reference	326578
PubChem CID	6857674;
	InChI InChI=1S/O7Si2/c1-8(2,3)7-9(4,5)6/q-6 Key: KUDCBYUNCUYIDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	SMILES [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-];
Properties
Chemical formula	O7Si2−6
Molar mass	168.166 g·mol−1
Conjugate acid	Pyrosilicic acid
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). (what is ?) Infobox references

A pyrosilicate is a type of chemical compound; either an ionic compound that contains the pyrosilicate anion Si
₂O⁶⁻
₇, or an organic compound with the hexavalent ≡O
₃Si-O-SiO
₃≡ group. The anion is also called disilicate^[1] or diorthosilicate.

Ionic pyrosilicates can be considered salts of the unstable pyrosilicic acid, H
₆Si
₂O
₇. Unlike the acid, the salts can be stable. Indeed, pyrosilicates occur widely in nature as a class of silicate minerals, specifically the sorosilicates.

Some notable synthetic pyrosilicates include

sodium pyrosilicate Na
₆Si
₂O
₇, a possible component of water glass.
sodium iron(II) pyrosilicate Na
₂Fe
₂Si
₂O
₇, a potential cathode material for batteries.^[2]
sodium manganese(II) pyrosilicate Na
₂Mn
₂Si
₂O
₇, another potential cathode material.^[3]^[4]

Structure edit

The pyrosilicate anion can be described as two SiO
₄ tetrahedra that share a vertex (an oxygen atom). The vertices that are not shared carry a negative charge each.

The structure of solid sodium pyrosilicate was described by Volker Kahlenberg and others in 2010.^[5]

Yuri Smolin and Yuri Shepelev determined in 1970 the crystal structures of pyrosilicates of rare earth elements with generic formula Ln
₂Si
₂O
₇, where "Ln" stands for either one of lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, dysprosium, holmium, yttrium, erbium, thulium, or ytterbium. They were found to belong to four distinct crystallographic classes, determined by the size of the cation.^[6] Other researchers also studied yttrium pyrosilicate Y
₂Si
₂O
₇.,^[7]^[8] gadolinium pyrosilicate Gd
₂Si
₂O
₇.,^[8] and scandium pyrosilicate Sc
₂Si
₂O
₇.^[7]

Preparation edit

Rare earth pyrosilicates Ln
₂Si
₂O
₇ can be obtained by fusing the corresponding oxide Ln
₂O
₃ with silica in 1:2 molar ratio,^[6] Single crystals can be grown by the Verneuil process^[6] or the Czochralski method.^[7]

References edit

^ "Disilicate". Chemspider website, CSID:5257009, Accessed 2018-05-26
^ Abhishek Panigrahi, Shin-ichi Nishimura, Tatau Shimada, Eriko Watanabe, Wenwen Zhao, Gosuke Oyama, and Atsuo Yamada (2017): "Sodium Iron(II) Pyrosilicate Na
₂Fe
₂Si
₂O
₇: A Potential Cathode Material in the Na
₂O-FeO-SiO
₂ System". Chemistry of Materials, volume 29, issue 10, pages 4361–4366. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b00764
^ Viktor Renman, Mario Valvo, Cheuk-Wai Tai, and Cesar Pay Gómez (2017): "Manganese Pyrosilicates as Novel Positive Electrode Materials for Na-Ion Batteries". Uppsala University Publications, DIVA urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-334063
^ Viktor Renman (2017): "Structural and Electrochemical Relations in Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries", Doctoral Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Chemistry. ORCID: 0000-0001-8739-4054
^ Volker Kahlenberg, Thomas Langreiter, and Erik Arroyabe (2010): "Na
₆Si
₂O
₇ – The Missing Structural Link among Alkali Pyrosilicates". Zeitschrift für anorganishe und allgemeine Chemie (Journal for Inorganic and General Chemistry), volume 636, issue 11, pages 1974-1979. doi:10.1002/zaac.201000120
^ ^a ^b ^c Yu. I. Smolin and Yu. F. Shepelev (1970): "The crystal structures of the rare earth pyrosilicates". Acta Crystallographica Section B, volume B26, pages 484-492. doi:10.1107/S0567740870002698
^ ^a ^b ^c Anan'eva, G.V.; Karapetyan, V.E.; Korovkin, A.M.; Merkulyaeva, T.I.; Peschanskaya, I.A.; Savinova, I.P.; and Feofilov, P.P. (1982): "Strukturnye kharakteristiki i fizicheskie svojstva kristallov diorto(piro)silikatov lantanoidov, ittriya i skandiya, vyrashchennykh metodom Chokhral'skogo" ("Structural characteristics and physical properties of diortho(pyro)silicate crystals of lanthanides yttrium and scandium grown by the Czochralski technique"). Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Neorg. Mater (translated in Inorganic Materials, USA) volume 18, issue 3, pages 442-445. ISSN 0002-337X.
^ ^a ^b Dias, H.W.; Glasser, F.P.; Gunwardane, R.P.; and Howie, R.A. (1990): "The crystal structure of δ-yttrium pyrosilicate, δ-Y
₂Si
₂O
₇". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, volume 191, issues 1/2, pages 117-123; ISSN 0044-2968

[chemspider-1] "Disilicate". Chemspider website, CSID:5257009, Accessed 2018-05-26

[pani-2] Abhishek Panigrahi, Shin-ichi Nishimura, Tatau Shimada, Eriko Watanabe, Wenwen Zhao, Gosuke Oyama, and Atsuo Yamada (2017): "Sodium Iron(II) Pyrosilicate Na
₂Fe
₂Si
₂O
₇: A Potential Cathode Material in the Na
₂O-FeO-SiO
₂ System". Chemistry of Materials, volume 29, issue 10, pages 4361–4366. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b00764

[renman1-3] Viktor Renman, Mario Valvo, Cheuk-Wai Tai, and Cesar Pay Gómez (2017): "Manganese Pyrosilicates as Novel Positive Electrode Materials for Na-Ion Batteries". Uppsala University Publications, DIVA urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-334063

[renman2-4] Viktor Renman (2017): "Structural and Electrochemical Relations in Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries", Doctoral Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Chemistry. ORCID: 0000-0001-8739-4054

[kahle-5] Volker Kahlenberg, Thomas Langreiter, and Erik Arroyabe (2010): "Na
₆Si
₂O
₇ – The Missing Structural Link among Alkali Pyrosilicates". Zeitschrift für anorganishe und allgemeine Chemie (Journal for Inorganic and General Chemistry), volume 636, issue 11, pages 1974-1979. doi:10.1002/zaac.201000120

[smolin-6] Yu. I. Smolin and Yu. F. Shepelev (1970): "The crystal structures of the rare earth pyrosilicates". Acta Crystallographica Section B, volume B26, pages 484-492. doi:10.1107/S0567740870002698

[anan-7] Anan'eva, G.V.; Karapetyan, V.E.; Korovkin, A.M.; Merkulyaeva, T.I.; Peschanskaya, I.A.; Savinova, I.P.; and Feofilov, P.P. (1982): "Strukturnye kharakteristiki i fizicheskie svojstva kristallov diorto(piro)silikatov lantanoidov, ittriya i skandiya, vyrashchennykh metodom Chokhral'skogo" ("Structural characteristics and physical properties of diortho(pyro)silicate crystals of lanthanides yttrium and scandium grown by the Czochralski technique"). Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Neorg. Mater (translated in Inorganic Materials, USA) volume 18, issue 3, pages 442-445. ISSN 0002-337X.

[dias-8] Dias, H.W.; Glasser, F.P.; Gunwardane, R.P.; and Howie, R.A. (1990): "The crystal structure of δ-yttrium pyrosilicate, δ-Y
₂Si
₂O
₇". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, volume 191, issues 1/2, pages 117-123; ISSN 0044-2968

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Summary

Structure edit

Preparation edit

References edit