A quad antenna is a type of directional wire radio antenna used on the HF and VHF bands. Like a Yagi–Uda antenna ("Yagi"), a quad consists of a driven element and one or more parasitic elements; however in a quad, each of these elements is a loop antenna, which may be square, round, or some other shape. It is used by radio amateurs on the HF and VHF amateur bands.
The quad antenna is a development of several inventions.
Rigorous testing of the quad antenna show the following advantages over a Yagi–Uda antenna made from dipoles:[9]
In 2008, Daniel Mills, N8PPQ, designed an antenna that may be an improvement over the quad design. His E-Z-O antenna uses flexible dielectric tubes rather than rigid poles to support the electrical elements. He claims slightly higher gain over the quad due to its roughly circular form.[citation needed]
The claimed magnitude of the dielectric effect on the outside band elements was a surprise, and optimum element lengths were determined by experiment. No reference literature was found: Jefferies & Koulouris (2003) state "As far as we are aware, there has been no reported work on encasing loop antennas in dielectric."[15]
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