Summary
Royal Air Force Grangemouth or more simply RAF Grangemouth is a former Royal Air Force station located 3 mi (4.8 km) north east of Falkirk, Stirlingshire, Scotland.
RAF Grangemouth | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grangemouth, Stirlingshire in Scotland | |||||||||
  RAF Grangemouth Shown within Falkirk  RAF Grangemouth RAF Grangemouth (the United Kingdom) | |||||||||
| Coordinates | 56°01′11″N 003°41′30″W / 56.01972°N 3.69167°W | ||||||||
| Type | Royal Air Force station | ||||||||
| Code | GW[1] | ||||||||
| Site information | |||||||||
| Owner | Air Ministry | ||||||||
| Operator | Royal Air Force | ||||||||
| Controlled by | RAF Fighter Command | ||||||||
| Site history | |||||||||
| Built | 1938/39 | ||||||||
| In use | May 1939 – 1945 | ||||||||
| Battles/wars | European theatre of World War II | ||||||||
| Airfield information | |||||||||
| Elevation | 4 metres (13 ft)[1] AMSL | ||||||||
| |||||||||
History edit
It was opened as the Central Scotland Airport in May 1939[2] and operated as a Civilian Air Navigation School (CANS) until early September 1939. After the war it was used as Gliding School until 1946.[3] It was then used by RAF Maintenance Command until its closure in June 1955.
Second World War edit
From September 1939 – March 1941 it was used by 602 Squadron flying Supermarine Spitfires, 141 Squadron flying Bristol Blenheims and Gloster Gladiators and 263 Squadron flying Westland Whirlwinds. In December 1940 it was used by No. 58 Operational Training Unit (later renamed No. 2 Tactical Exercise Unit RAF).
The air traffic control tower (watch tower) was of a pre-war civilian type. There were 10 Hangars, two were of a civil type and the other eight were of the Blister type.
In an attempt to reduce the number of crashes caused by over-shooting, the east–west runway was extended by about 300 yards in the summer of 1942. This runway intersected with the Inchyra Road runway and extended west to where Candie Crescent now starts off Overton Road. The Charlotte Dundas Shopping Centre was built over part of the remains of this runway in 1960–1961.
Post war edit
After the war, it was used as a gliding school and by No. 13 Refresher Flying School RAF, then by RAF Maintenance Command until closure in 1955.
Unfortunately at 0200 one Sunday in 1952 a fire started & some of the buildings were destroyed.
Timeline edit
- 01/05/1939: Opened as Central Scotland Airport.
- 01/05/1939 – 09/39: No. 35 E&RFTS with Hawker Harts and de Havilland Tiger Moths and No. 10 Civilian Air Navigation School with Avro Ansons.
- 09/39 – 03/41: Airfield used by 602 Sqn Spitfires, 141 Sqn Blenheims and Gladiators and 263 Sqn Hurricanes and 614 Sqn Lysanders.
- 12/40 – 06/44: No. 58 Operational Training Unit with Spitfires, from 1942 satellite airfield at RAF Balado Bridge.
- 10/43: No. 58 Operational Training Unit renamed No. 2 Tactical Exercise Unit.
- 1945-46: Used as a Gliding School.
- 1948-49: 13 Refresher Flying School with de Havilland Tiger Moths, then used by RAF Maintenance Command until closure.
Operational units and aircraft edit
| Unit | From | To | Aircraft | Version | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. 35 Elementary and Reserve Flying Training School RAF | 1 May 1939 | 3 Sep 1939 | Hawker Hart de Havilland Tiger Moth |
I II |
[4] |
| No. 10 Civil Air Navigation School RAF | Sep 1939 | Oct 1939 | Avro Anson | I | [5] |
| No. 10 Air Observers Navigation School RAF | 1 Nov 1939 | 2 Dec 1939 | Avro Anson | I | [6] |
| No. 602 Squadron RAF | 7 Oct 1939 | 13 Oct 1939 | Supermarine Spitfire | I | [7] |
| No. 141 Squadron RAF | 19 Oct 1939 | 28 June 1940 | Bristol Blenheim Gloster Gladiators |
IF I |
[8] |
| No. 263 Squadron RAF | 28 June 1940 | 2 Sep 1940 | Hawker Hurricane Westland Whirlwind |
I I |
Detachment at RAF Montrose.[9] |
| No. 614 Squadron RAF | 8 Jun 1940 | 5 Mar 1941 | Westland Lysander | II | [10] |
Other Units/Wings edit
9 June 1940 – 14 July 1940.[11][12]
- No. 58 Operational Training Unit
No. 58 Operational Training Unit was planned to form at RAF Grangemouth in October 1940 within No. 10 Group to train night fighter crews. This was changed in early December when it actually formed as a day fighter pilot training unit, using Spitfires and Masters. It was transferred to No. 81 Group at the end of December 1940 and disbanded in early October 1943 when it was redesignated No. 2 Combat Training Wing (changed again to No. 2 Tactical Exercise Unit at a later date).
In the event of a German invasion the OTU would have become No. 558 Squadron (and later also as No. 563 Squadron) to operate from RAF Turnhouse.
The unit reformed on 15 March 1945, at RAF Poulton in No. 12 Group, as half an Operational Training Unit equipped with Spitfires from the day fighter element of No. 41 Operational Training Unit until it was disbanded on 20 July 1945.
Codes used: -
- No. 4 Aircraft Delivery Flight RAF (April 1941 – January 1942)[15]
Commanding Officer Squadron Leader Eric Valentine Hulbert appointed 16 April 1943.[citation needed]
- No. 2 Combat Training Wing RAF (October 1943)[16]
See No. 58 Operational Training Unit Above.
- No. 2 Tactical Exercise Unit RAF (October 1943 – June 1944)[17]
See No. 58 Operational Training Unit Above.
- Sub site of No. 14 Maintenance Unit RAF (October 1944 – August 1949)[18]
Present day edit
Today the site is now part of Inchyra Park, a light industrial area, the Charlotte Dundas Shopping Centre, and a housing estate. The shorter runway is now Inchyra Road, Grangemouth. Contrary to many reports, the vast majority of the site is NOT now covered by petrochemicals industry. Only a relatively small area east of Inchyra Road has such industry on it and which was only built on during the 1970s and thereafter.
Some of the hangars still remain intact at Latitude, Longitude 56.013348N, 3.707562W.[19]
In 2008, a memorial garden was unveiled, to commemorate those who died, planted on ground granted for the purpose and located on the perimeter of the original airfield. Within the garden, a wall features the names of 71 trainee pilots from 11 countries who died whilst in training. On Thursday 9 May 2013, a full size replica of a Mk1 Spitfire was unveiled in the memorial garden.[20]
The memorial remembers the contribution of hundreds of Polish and other international pilots who developed their skills at the airfield as members of No. 58 Operational Training Unit during the Second World War.
Wartime Deaths edit
The many British and Polish pilots dying of wounds on return are buried to the south in Grandsable Cemetery.
References edit
Citations edit
- ^ a b Falconer 2012, p. 99.
- ^ J., Smith, David (1983). Military airfields of Scotland, the North-East and Northern Ireland. Cambridge, England: Stephens. ISBN 0850595630. OCLC 12926692.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ B., Bailey, Geoff (2006). Grangemouth : from central Scotland airport to RAF Grangemouth. Peterborough: GMS Enterprises. ISBN 9781904514312. OCLC 883892700.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Lake 1999, p. 60.
- ^ Lake 1999, p. 48.
- ^ Lake 1999, p. 20.
- ^ Jefford 1988, p. 98.
- ^ Jefford 1988, p. 60.
- ^ Jefford 1988, p. 80.
- ^ Jefford 1988, p. 100.
- ^ Sturtivant, Hamlin & Halley 1997, p. 316.
- ^ "Air of Authority: A History of RAF Organisation Website". Archived from the original on 7 July 2010. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
- ^ Air of Authority: A History of RAF Organisation Archived 13 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ History of 58 OTU Website by Wallace Shackleton, Kinross
- ^ Sturtivant, Hamlin & Halley 1997, p. 49.
- ^ Sturtivant, Hamlin & Halley 1997, p. 95.
- ^ Sturtivant, Hamlin & Halley 1997, p. 288.
- ^ Sturtivant, Hamlin & Halley 1997, p. 205.
- ^ RCAHMS Archeological Notes & Photos
- ^ Willis, Amy (9 May 2013). "Spitfire unveiled as memorial to WWII fighter pilots". Archived from the original on 9 June 2013. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
Bibliography edit
- Falconer, J (2012). RAF Airfields of World War 2. UK: Ian Allan Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85780-349-5.
- Jefford, C G (1988). RAF Squadrons. A comprehensive record of the movement and equipment of all RAF squadrons and their antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury: Airlife. ISBN 1-85310-053-6.
- Lake, A (1999). Flying units of the RAF. Shrewsbury: Airlife. ISBN 1-84037-086-6.
- Sturtivant, R; Hamlin, J; Halley, J (1997). Royal Air Force flying training and support units. UK: Air-Britain (Historians). ISBN 0-85130-252-1.
External links edit
- Control Towers Website: RAF Grangemouth
- 602 Squadron Museum Association: Website Index
- History of Grangemouth Oil Refinery: BP Grangemouth History
- RCAHMS Archaeological Notes: Photo & Data
- Wallace Shackleton, 58 OTU Web Page: No. 58 OTU, Roll of Honour.