Radical_140 Knowpia

艸
艸
艸 (U+8278) "grass"
Pronunciations
Pinyin:	cǎo
Bopomofo:	ㄘㄠˇ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh:	tsao
Wade–Giles:	tsʻao3
Cantonese Yale:	chóu
Jyutping:	cou2
Japanese Kana:	ソウ sō (on'yomi); くさ kusa (kun'yomi)
Sino-Korean:	초 cho
Hán-Việt:	thảo
Names
Chinese name(s):	(艹) 草字頭/草字头 cǎozìtóu
Japanese name(s):	草/くさ kusa; (艹) 草冠/くさかんむり kusakanmuri
Hangul:	풀 pul
Stroke order animation

Radical 140 or radical grass (艸部) meaning "grass" is one of 29 of the 214 Kangxi radicals that are composed of 6 strokes. It transforms into 艹 when appearing at the top of a character or component. In the Kangxi Dictionary and in modern standard Traditional Chinese as used in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau, 艹 (with two horizontal strokes) consists of four strokes, while in Simplified Chinese and modern Japanese, 艹 (with a continuous horizontal stroke) consists of three strokes.

In the Kangxi Dictionary there are 1902 characters (out of 40,000) found under this radical, making it the most commonly used radical.

艹, the upper component form of 艸, is the 30th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China, while 艸 is listed as its associated indexing component.

Evolution edit

Small seal script character

Derived characters edit

Strokes	Characters
+0	艸 (=草) 艹
+1	艺^SC (=藝)
+2	艻艼艽艾艿芀 (=苕) 芁 (=𦫶) 节^SC (=節 -> 竹)
+3	芃芄芅芆芇芈^SC (=羋 -> 羊) 芉芊芋芌 (=芋) 芍芎芏芐芑芒芓芔 (=卉 -> 十) 芕 (=芍) 芖芗^SC (=薌)
+4	芘芙芚芛芜^SC (=蕪) 芝芞芟芠芡芢芣芤芥芦^SC (=蘆) 芧芨芩芪芫芬芭芮芯芰花芲 (=花菕蒼) 芳芴芵芶芷芸 (also JP form of 藝) 芹芺芻芼芽芾苀苁^SC (=蓯) 苂苃苄苅 (=刈 -> 刀) 苆苇^SC (=葦) 苈^SC (=藶) 苉苊苋^SC (=莧) 苌^SC (=萇) 苍^SC (=蒼) 苎^SC (=苧) 苏^SC (=蘇) 茾
+5	芿苐苑苒苓苔苕苖苗苘 (=檾 -> 木) 苙苚苛苜苝苞苟苠苡苢 (=苡) 苣苤若苦苧 (also SC form of 薴) 苨苩苪苫苬苭苮苯苰英苲苳苴苵苶苷苸苹^SC (=蘋) 苺 (=莓) 苻苼苽 (=菰 / 瓜 -> 瓜) 苾苿茀茁茂范^SC (=範 -> 竹) 茄茅茆茇茈茉茊茋茌茍茎^SC (=莖) 茏^SC (=蘢) 茐 (=蔥) 茑^SC (=蔦) 茓茔^SC (=塋 -> 土) 茕^SC (=煢 -> 火)
+6	茒茖茗茘 (=荔) 茙茚茛茜茞茟茠 (=薅) 茡茢茤茥茦茧^SC/JP (=繭 -> 糸) 茨茩茪茫茬茭茮茯茰茱茲茳茴茵茶茷茸茹茺茻茼茽茿荀荁荂荃荄荅荆^SC (=荊) 荇荈草荊荋荌荍荎荏荐^SC (=薦) 荑荒荔荕荖荗荘^JP (=莊) 荙^SC (=薘) 荚^SC (=莢) 荛^SC (=蕘) 荜^SC (=蓽) 荝 (=萴) 荞^SC (=蕎) 荟^SC (=薈) 荠^SC (=薺) 荡^SC (=蕩) 荢 (=茡) 荣^SC (=榮 -> 木) 荤^SC (=葷) 荥^SC (=滎 -> 水) 荦^SC (=犖 -> 牛) 荧^SC (=熒 -> 火) 荨^SC (=蕁) 荩^SC (=藎) 荪^SC (=蓀) 荫^SC (=蔭) 荬^SC (=蕒) 荭^SC (=葒) 荮^SC (=葤) 药^SC (=藥)
+7	茝茣荰荱荲荳 (=豆 -> 豆) 荴荵荶荷荸荹荺荻荼荽荾荿莀莁莂莃莄莅^SC (=蒞) 莆莇莈莉莊莋莌莍莎莏莐莑莒莓莔莕莖莗莘莙莚莛莜莝莞莟莠莡莢莣莤莥莦莧莨莩莪莫莬莮莯莰莱^SC (=萊) 莲^SC (=蓮) 莳^SC (=蒔) 莴^SC (=萵) 莵 (=菟) 莶^SC (=薟) 获^SC (=獲 -> 犬 / 穫 -> 禾) 莸^SC (=蕕) 莹^SC (=瑩 -> 玉) 莺^SC (=鶯 -> 鳥) 莻莼^SC (=蓴) 莽
+8	荓莾 (=莽) 莿菀菁菂菃菄菅菆菇菈菉菊菋菌菍菎菏菐菑菒菓 (=果 -> 木) 菔菕菖菗菘菙菚菛菜菝菞菟菠菡菢菣菤菥菦 (=芹) 菧菨菩菪菫 (=蓳) 菬菭菮華菰菱菲菳菴菵菶菷 (=帚 -> 巾) 菸菹菺菻菼菽菾菿萀萁萂萃萄萅 (=春 -> 日) 萆萇萈萉萊萋萌萍萎萏萐萑萒萓萔 (=苕) 萕^{JP nonstandard} (=薺) 萖 (=莞) 萗萘萙萚^SC (=蘀) 萛萜萝^SC (=蘿) 萞萟萠萡萢萣萤^SC (=螢 -> 虫) 营^SC (=營 -> 火) 萦^SC (=縈 -> 糸) 萧^SC (=蕭) 萨^SC (=薩) 著
+9	莭萩萪萫萭萮萯萰萱萲 (=萱) 萳萴萵萶萷 (=梢 -> 木) 萸萹萺萻萼落萾萿葀葁 (=薑) 葂葃葄葅 (=菹) 葆葇葈葉葊葋葌葍葎葏葐葑葒葓葔葕葖葘 (=菑) 葙葚葛葜葝葞葟葠 (=蔘) 葡葢 (=蓋) 董葤葥葦葧葨葩葪葫葬葭葮葯葰葱^SC (=蔥) 葲葳葴葵葶葷葸葹葺葻葼葽葾葿蒀蒁蒂蒃蒄蒅蒆蒇^SC (=蕆) 蒈蒉^SC (=蕢) 蒊蒋^SC (=蔣) 蒌^SC (=蔞) 蒍蒎蒏 (=醟 -> 酉)
+10	蒋^JP (=蔣) 蒐蒑蒒蒓蒔蒕 (=蒀) 蒖蒗蒘蒙蒚蒛蒜蒝蒞蒟蒠蒡蒢蒣蒤蒥蒦蒧蒨蒩蒪蒫蒬蒭 (=芻) 蒮蒯蒰蒱蒲蒳蒴蒵蒶蒷蒹蒺蒻蒼蒽蒾蒿蓀蓁蓂蓃蓄蓅蓆蓇蓈蓉蓊蓋蓌蓍蓎蓏蓐蓑蓒蓓蓔蓕蓖蓗蓘蓙蓚蓛蓜蓝^SC (=藍) 蓞 (=萏) 蓟^SC (=薊) 蓠^SC (=蘺) 蓡 (=參 -> 厶) 蓢蓣^SC (=蕷) 蓤蓦^SC (=驀 -> 馬)
+11	蓥^SC (=鎣 -> 金) 蓧蓨蓩蓪蓫蓬蓭 (=庵 -> 广) 蓮蓯蓰蓱蓲蓳蓴蓵蓶蓷蓸蓹蓺蓻蓼蓽蓾蓿蔀蔁蔂 (=虆) 蔃蔄蔅蔆 (=菱) 蔇蔈蔉蔊蔋蔌蔍蔎蔏蔐蔑蔒 (=葷) 蔓蔔蔕 (=蒂) 蔖蔗蔘蔙蔚蔛蔜蔝蔞蔟蔠蔡蔢蔣蔤蔥蔦蔧蔨蔩蔪蔫蔬蔭蔮蔯蔰蔱 (=樧 -> 木) 蔲蔳蔴 (=麻 -> 麻) 蔵^JP (=藏) 蔶蔷^SC (=薔) 蔸蔹^SC (=蘞) 蔺^SC (=藺) 蔻蔼^SC (=藹)
+12	蔽蔾 (=藜) 蔿 (=蒍) 蕀蕁蕂蕃蕄蕅蕆蕇蕈蕉蕊蕋 (=蕊) 蕌 (=藟) 蕍蕎蕏蕐蕑蕒蕓蕔蕕蕖蕗蕘蕙蕚 (=萼) 蕛蕜蕝蕞蕟蕠蕡蕢蕣蕤蕥蕦蕧蕨蕩蕪蕫蕬蕭蕮蕯蕰^SC (=薀) 蕱蕲^SC (=蘄) 蕳蕴^SC (=蘊) 蕵 (=薞)
+13	蕶蕷蕸蕹蕺蕻蕼蕽蕾蕿 (=萱) 薀薁薂薃薄薅薆薇薈薉薊薋薌薍薎薏薐薑薒薓薔薕薖薗 (=園 -> 囗) 薘薙薚薛薜薝薞薟薠薡薢薣薤薥薦薧薨薪薫^JP (=薰) 薬^JP (=藥) 薮^SC/JP (=藪)
+14	薩薭薯薰薱薲 (=蘋) 薳薴薵薶薷薸薹薺薻薼薽薾薿藀藁藂藃藄藅藆藇藈藉藊藋藌藍藎藏藐藑藒藓^SC (=蘚) 蘤 (=花)
+15	藔藕藖藗藘藙藚藛藜藝藞藟藠藡 (=荻) 藢藣藤藥藦藧藨藩藪藫藬藭藯藰藱藲 (=櫙 -> 木) 藳藴 (=蘊) 藵
+16	藮 (=樵 -> 木) 藶藷藸藹藺藻藼 (=萱) 藽藾藿蘀蘁蘂 (=蕊) 蘃蘄蘅蘆蘇蘈蘉蘊蘋蘌 (=篽 -> 竹) 蘍 (=薰) 蘎蘏蘐 (=萱) 蘑蘓 (=蘇) 蘔蘢
+17	蘒^JP 蘕蘖 (=櫱 -> 木) 蘗蘘蘙蘚蘛蘜 (=菊) 蘝 (=蘞) 蘞蘟蘠蘡蘣蘥蘦蘧蘨蘩蘪蘫蘬蘭蘮蘯 (=蕩) 蘰
+18	蘲 (=虆) 蘳蘴 (=葑) 蘵蘶蘷 (=夔 -> 夊)
+19	蘱蘸蘹蘺蘻蘼蘽蘾蘿虀虁 (=夔 -> 夊)
+20	虂虃虄虅
+21	虆虇虈虉
+23	虊
+25	虋虌

Variant forms edit

This radical character is written differently in different languages. Traditionally, breaking the horizontal stroke in 艹 is optional in both printing and written forms. The Kangxi Dictionary adopted the four-stroke form ⺿.

In today's Simplified Chinese, only the three-stroke form 艹 is used; The four-stroke form ⺿ is treated as an obsolete typeface form after the adoption of xin zixing. In modern Traditional Chinese as used in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau, the four-stroke form ⺿ is standard, while the three-stroke form is still overwhelmingly preferred in publications.

In Japanese, only the three-stroke form is used for jōyō kanji (commonly used Chinese characters); the three-stroke form is recommended for hyōgai kanji, while the four-stroke form is listed as an acceptable "design difference" in Hyōgai Kanji Jitaihyō (表外漢字字体表) and JIS X 0208.

In addition, 䒑 is derived from the cursive form of 艹.

Standard stroke order in Taiwan Chinese
Stroke order in Simplified Chinese and Japanese

Sinogram edit

The radical is also used as an independent Chinese character. It is one of the Kyōiku kanji or Kanji taught in elementary school in Japan.^[1] It is a first grade kanji^[1]