In the first modern archery competition at the Olympics, the Republic of China entered only one woman.

Women's:

• Shue Meei-Shya - 2026 points (38th place)

Men's 100 metres

• Soo Wen-Ho

• First Heat — 10.59s
• Second Heat — 10.82s (→ did not advance)

Men's 200 metres

• Soo Wen-Ho

• First Heat — 21.55s
• Second Heat — 21.47s (→ did not advance)

Men's 4 × 100 m relay:

• Lee Chung-Ping, Soo Wen-Ho, Chen Chin-Lung and Chen Ming-Chih

• Heat — 41.78 s (→ did not advance)

Men's 110 m hurdles:

• Lee Chung-Ping - Heat: 14.98 s (→ did not advance)

Men's 400 m hurdles:

• Lee Chung-Ping - Heat:52.61 s (→ did not advance)

Men's Long jump

• Chen Chin-Lung - Qualifying round: 6.79 m (→ did not advance)

Men's Triple jump:

• Chen Ming-Chih - Qualifying round: 14.73 m (→ did not advance)

Women's 800 m:

• Lee Chiu-Hsia - Heat: 2:11.8 (→ did not advance)

Women's 1500 m:

• Lee Chiu-Hsia - Heat: 4:37.2 (→ did not advance)

Women's High jump:

• Wu Yu-Chih - Qualifying round: 0 m (→ did not advance)

Women's Long jump:

• Lin Chun-Yu - Qualifying round: 5.50 m (→ did not advance)

Women's Pentathlon:

• Lin Chun-Yu - 3676 points (→ 28th place)

Alternate member

• Chi Cheng

Bantamweight:

• Wang Chee-Yen

1. 1/16-Final - defeated Manoochehr Bahmani of Iran (3 - 2)
2. 1/8-Final - lost to George Turpin of Great Britain

One cyclist represented the Republic of China in 1972.

Individual road race

• Shue Ming-fa — did not finish (→ no ranking)

1000m time trial

• Shue Ming-fa — 1:14.05 (→ 27th place)

Sprint

• Shue Ming-fa

1. Preliminary Round — lost to Sergei Kravtsov of Soviet Union and Taworn Tarwan of Thailand
2. Preliminary Round, repêchage — Lost to Yoshikazu Cho of Japan and Felix Suarez of Spain

Lightweight:

• Cheng Chi-Hsiang

1. Pool A - lost to Takao Kawaguchi of Japan
2. Repêchage Pool - defeated Han Sung-Chul of South Korea
3. Repêchage Pool - lost to Bakhaavaa Buidaa of Mongolia

Welterweight:

• Wang Jong-She

1. Pool A - defeated William McGregor of Canada
2. Pool A - lost to Toyokazu Nomura of Japan
3. Repêchage Pool - lost to Antal Hetényi of Hungary

Middleweight:

• Chang Ping-Ho

1. Pool A - defeated Raymond Coulibaly of Mali
2. Pool A - lost to Jean-Paul Coche of France

Light heavyweight:

• Juang Jen-Wuh

1. Pool B - defeated Epigmenio Exiga of Mexico
2. Pool B - lost to Chiaki Ishii of Brazil

Open Category:

• Juang Jen-Wuh

1. Pool A - lost to Pavle Bajetić of Yugoslavia

Finn:

• Chen Shiu-Hsiung - 235.0 (35th place)

One male shooter represented Taiwan in 1972.

300 m rifle, three positions

• Wu Tao-yan - 1085 points (30th place)

50 m rifle, three positions

• Wu Tao-yan - 1101 points (51st place)

50 m rifle, prone

• Wu Tao-yan - 591 points (41st place)

Women's 100 m freestyle:

• Hsu Yue-Yun - Heat: 1:04.77 (did not advance)

Women's 200 m freestyle:

• Hsu Yue-Yun - Heat: 2:20.17 (did not advance)

Women's 400 m freestyle:

• Hsu Yue-Yun - Heat: 4:58.57 (did not advance)

Women's400 m individual medley:

• Hsu Yue-Yun - did not compete

Women's 100 m breaststroke

• Lie Yue-Hwan - 1:25.47 (did not advance)

Women's 200 m breaststroke

• Lie Yue-Hwan - 3:04.74 (did not advance)

Men's 100 m butterfly:

• Hsu Tung-Hsiung - did not compete

Men's 200 m butterfly:

• Hsu Tung-Hsiung - 2:16,35

Men's 200 m individual medley:

• Hsu Tung-Hsiung - 2:18.34 (did not advance)

Men's 400 m individual medley:

• Hsu Tung-Hsiung - 5:09.56 (did not advance)

Featherweight:

• Chen Kue-Sen - 327.5 kg (10th place)

Freestyle –57 kg:

• Sheu Jine-Shiong

1. Round 1 - lost to Nicolae Dumitru of Romania (4 - 0)
2. Round 2 - lost to George Hatziioannidis of Greece (4 - 0)