Summary
Resistance through culture (also called cultural resistance, resistance through the aesthetic,[1] or intellectual resistance)[2] is a form of nonconformism. It is not open dissent, but a discreet stance.[3]
A revolt "so well hidden that it seems nonexistent",[4] it is a quest "to extend the boundaries of official tolerance, either by adopting a line considered by authorities to be ideologically suspect, or by highlighting certain contemporary social problems, or both."[3] Criticized for being "utopian, and thus inadequate to the realities of that age",[5] during the time of the Communist regimes in Europe, it was also a surviving formula, a modality for writers and artists to cheat Communist censorship without going the whole way into open political opposition.[6][7]
Romania edit
One of the most sharply criticized phrases in post-revolutionary Romania,[8] considered to be not much more than "blowing in the wind" by Romanian-born German Nobel literature prize winner Herta Müller,[9] and "not only resignation [...] but complicity with the terrorist communism" by Romanian exiled writer Paul Goma,[10] so-called "resistance through culture" has often been linked to Constantin Noica's so-called "Păltiniș School".[11]
In the fine arts, Corneliu Baba, among others, is sometimes considered to be an example of a painter who was nonconformist in this way.[12]
References edit
- ^ Simion, Eugen (May 20, 2010). "Insemnari marunte despre rezistenta prin cultura si despre un român care schimba lumea" (in Romanian). Cultura. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
- ^ Corbea, Andrei (30 May 2000). "Exilul, inainte si dupa exil" (in Romanian). Observator cultural. Retrieved 10 Aug 2015.
- ^ a b McDermott, Kevin; Stibe, Matthew (eds.). Revolution and Resistance in Eastern Europe: Challenges to Communist Rule. Oxford, New York: Berg. pp. 90, 91. ISBN 978-1-84520-258-3.
- ^ Marcu, Luminița (2002). "Rezistenţa culturală la începuturile comunismului" (in Romanian). România literară. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 10 Aug 2015.
- ^ Bradatan, Costica; Oushakine, Serguei Alex., eds. (2010). In Marx's Shadow: Knowledge, Power and Intellectuals in Eastern Europe and Russia. Plymouth, UK: Lexington Books. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-7391-3624-9.
- ^ Cesereanu, Ruxandra (2005). "Memorie si exil" (in Romanian). romaniaculturala.ro. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 10 Aug 2015.
- ^ Copoeru, Ion; Sepp, Hans Rainer, eds. (2007). Phenomenology 2005: Selected Essays from the Euro-Mediterranean Area, Part 1. Zeta Books. p. 74.
- ^ Dinițoiu, Adina (September 2009). ""Textualism socialist" şi "rezistenţă prin cultură" în proza anilor '80" (in Romanian). Observator cultural. Retrieved 10 Aug 2015.
- ^ "Cazul Noica şi şcoala de la Păltiniş (I)" (in Romanian). jurnalul.ro. January 10, 2011. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
- ^ Behring, Eva; Brandt, Juliane; Dozsai, Monika; Kliems, Alfrun; Richter, Ludwig; Trepte, Hans-Christian (2004). Grundbegriffe und Autoren ostmitteleuropäischen Exilliteraturen 1945-1989 Ein Beitrag zur Systematisierung und Typologisierung (in German). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 641.
- ^ GRIGORE, VASILICA; MITRACHE, GEORGETA; PREDOIU, RADU (2016-08-30). "Analogical transfer capacity and the discrimination reaction time in elite female tennis players". Psiworld 2015 Proceedings. Romanian Society of Experimental Applied Psychology. doi:10.15303/rjeap.2016.si1.a11.
- ^ "Somnul de 50 de ani al creaţiei" (in Romanian). tvrplus.ro. Retrieved January 26, 2014.