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Richard K. Ashley

Summary

Richard K. Ashley is a postmodernist scholar of International relations. He is an associate professor at the Arizona State University's School of Politics and Global Studies.

Richard K. Ashley
Known forPostmodernist international relations
TitleAssociate professor
AwardsKarl Deutsch Award (1985)
Academic background
EducationPhD
Alma materMIT
ThesisGrowth, Rivalry, and Balance (1976)
Doctoral advisorNazli Choucri
InfluencesAlker, Derrida, Foucault, Habermas, Spivak
Academic work
DisciplineInternational relations
InstitutionsSchool of Politics and Global Studies, Arizona State
Doctoral studentsNevzat Soguk
Main interestsInternational relations theory
Notable works
  • "The Poverty of Neorealism" (1984)
  • "Untying the Sovereign State" (1988)
  • "Living on Border Lines" (1989)
Websitepgs.clas.asu.edu/content/richard-ashley-1

Ashley studied at the University of California, Santa Barbara and at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He was research assistant to Hayward Alker. Initially, Ashley's research was on the balance of power in international relations, particularly in his The Political Economy of War and Peace (1980). He soon began to shift his approach to metatheoretical questions and Critical Theory. By the mid-1980s, Ashley had adopted a postmodernist and subversive approach to international relations theory, exemplified by his influences: Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak.

Ashley was one of the first to challenge the position of mainstream realism and liberalism. In "The Poverty of Neorealism" (1984), he coined the term "neorealism" to describe the work of Kenneth Waltz.

Early life edit

Ashley received his Bachelor of Arts degree from University of California, Santa Barbara in 1970,[1] after which he entered graduate school in Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) studying political science.[2] He received his Doctorate of Philosophy from MIT in 1977,[3] with a dissertation titled Growth, Rivalry, and Balance: The Sino-Soviet-American Triangle of Conflict (1976),[4] supervised by Nazli Choucri.[5]

Career edit

Ashley studied under Hayward Alker and served as his research assistant. This relationship influenced Ashley's approach to international relations.[6] Other influences include Jacques Derrida, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Foucauldian discourse analysis,[7] and Jürgen Habermas.[8] For some time in the 1970s, Ashley was assistant professor of international relations at the University of Southern California.[4]

Early in his career, with The Political Economy of War and Peace (1980), Ashley focused on conventional analysis of balance of power. He soon began to focus on metatheoretical issues instead.[3] Before turning to postmodernist international relations, Ashley's early work moved to the direction of Critical Theory.[9] He became the first scholar to introduce the thought of Habermas to international relations.[10] All Ashley's major writings from this phase of the first half of the 1980s can be characterized as a critique of technical rationality in the study of international relations and advocacy of emancipatory ways of knowing. This approach is evident in his debates concerning Habermas with John H. Herz. Since the mid-1980s, his critique has become a self-confessed subversive dissidence of the discipline.[11] Ashley has since distanced himself from his early work, considering it too ideological in its epistemology.[12]

Ashley become one of the first to challenge the predominance of mainstream realism and liberalism in the 1980s.[13]

Ashley retired in 2018. Prior he taught at Arizona State University's Department of Political Science (now School of Politics and Global Studies) since 1981,[3] as an associate professor.[14]

Some of Ashley's influential work includes "The Poverty of Neorealism" (1984) where he coined the term "neorealism" to describe the work of Kenneth Waltz and others.[15] Indeed, Ashley's critique of microeconomic analogies employed by neorealists made him a key figure in the inter-paradigm debate in international relations theory.[11] "Untying the Sovereign State: A Double Reading of the Anarchy Problematique" (1988)[16] is a Derridan double reading of the concept of international anarchy in traditional international relations literature.[17] "Living on Border Lines: Man, Poststructuralism, and War" (1989) is influential, too.[18] In 1989, he contributed to the seminal volume International/Intertextual Relations edited by fellow postmodernists James Der Derian and Michael J. Shapiro.[7] In addition, Ashley has contributed many academic articles to journals such as International Organization, Millennium, Alternatives, and International Studies Quarterly.[14] Ashley is an editor of International Studies Quarterly.[19]

According to Darryl S. L. Jarvis, "the undiminished allure of postmodernism [in international relations theory] is plainly attributable to ... Richard Ashley, and to a lesser extent, [R. B. J.] Walker",[20] with whom Ashley has also written.[21][22]

He received the Karl Deutsch Award of the International Studies Association in 1985.[3]

Works edit

  • Ashley, Richard K. (1976). Growth, rivalry, and balance: the Sino-Soviet-American triangle of conflict (PhD thesis). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. OCLC 4200282.
  • — (1980). The political economy of war and peace: the Sino-Soviet-American triangle and the modern security problematique. New York: Nichols Pub Co. ISBN 978-0-89397-087-1.
  • — (1981). "Political Realism and Human Interests". International Studies Quarterly. 25 (2): 204–. doi:10.2307/2600353. ISSN 0020-8833. JSTOR 2600353.
  • — (1983). "Three Modes of Economism". International Studies Quarterly. 27 (4): 463–. doi:10.2307/2600557. ISSN 0020-8833. JSTOR 2600557.
  • — (1983). "[Review:] The Eye of Power: The Politics of World Modeling: [Simulated Worlds: A Computer Model of National Decision-Making by Stuart A. Bremer]". International Organization. 37 (3): 495–535. doi:10.1017/s0020818300032768. JSTOR 2706453. S2CID 154161793.
  • — (1984). "The Poverty of Neorealism". International Organization. 38 (2): 225–286. doi:10.1017/s0020818300026709. JSTOR 2706440.
  • — (1987). "The Geopolitics of Geopolitical Space: Toward a Critical Social Theory of International Politics". Alternatives: Global, Local, Political. 12 (4): 403–434. doi:10.1177/030437548701200401. ISSN 0304-3754. S2CID 147423943.
  • — (1988). "Untying the Sovereign State: A Double Reading of the Anarchy Problematique". Millennium. 17 (2): 227–262. doi:10.1177/03058298880170020901. ISSN 0305-8298. S2CID 145130222.
  • — (1989). "Imposing international purpose: notes on a problematic governance". In Czempiel, Ernst Otto; Rosenau, James N. (eds.). Global changes and theoretical challenges: approaches to world politics for the 1990s. Lexington: Lexington Books. pp. 251–290. ISBN 978-0-669-17878-4.
  • — (1989). "Living on Border Lines: Man, Poststructuralism, and War". In Der Derian, James; Shapiro, Michael J. (eds.). International/intertextual relations: postmodern readings of world politics. Lexington: Lexington Books. pp. 259–321. ISBN 978-0-669-18956-8.
  • — (1991). "The State of the Discipline: Realism Under Challenge?". In Higgott, Richard A.; Richardson, James L. (eds.). International relations: global and Australian perspectives on an evolving discipline. Dept. of International Relations, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University. pp. 37–69. ISBN 978-0-7315-1284-3.
  • — (1996). "The Achievements of Poststructuralism". In Smith, Steve; Booth, Ken; Zalewski, Marysia (eds.). International Theory: Positivism and Beyond. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 240–253. ISBN 978-0-521-47948-6.
  • — (2016). "Critical Spirits/Realist Specters: Some Hypotheses on the Spectro-Poetics of International Relations". In Soguk, Nevzat; Nelson, Scott G (eds.). The Ashgate Research Companion to Modern Theory, Modern Power, World Politics: Critical Investigations. London: Routledge. pp. 105–126. ISBN 978-1-317-19585-6.

With R. B. J. Walker edit

  • Ashley, Richard K.; Walker, R. B. J. (1990). "Introduction: Speaking the Language of Exile: Dissident Thought in International Studies". International Studies Quarterly. 34 (3): 259–268. doi:10.2307/2600569. ISSN 0020-8833. JSTOR 2600569.
  • —; — (1990). "Conclusion: Reading Dissidence/Writing the Discipline: Crisis and the Question of Sovereignty in International Studies". International Studies Quarterly. 34 (3): 367–416. doi:10.2307/2600576. ISSN 0020-8833. JSTOR 2600576.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Richard Ashley — Arizona State University". asu.pure.elsevier.com. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
  2. ^ Willick, Daniel H.; Ashley, Richard K. (1971). "Survey Question Order and the Political Party Preferences of College Students and Their Parents". Public Opinion Quarterly. 35 (2): 189. doi:10.1086/267890. ISSN 0033-362X.
  3. ^ a b c d Griffiths 1999, p. 207.
  4. ^ a b Rosenau, James N. (1976). In Search of Global Patterns. Free. p. 377. ISBN 978-0-02-927050-9.
  5. ^ Richard K. Ashley (1976). Growth, rivalry, and balance: the Sino-Soviet-American triangle of conflict (PhD thesis). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. OCLC 4200282.
  6. ^ Patomäki, Heikki (2005). "Hayward Alker: an exemplary voyage from quantitative peace research to humanistic, late-modern globalism". In Neumann, Iver B.; Wæver, Ole (eds.). The Future of International Relations: Masters in the Making?. London: Routledge. p. 229. ISBN 978-1-134-76219-4.
  7. ^ a b Pettiford 2015, p. 26.
  8. ^ Jarvis 2000, p. 107.
  9. ^ Berger, Thomas U. (2005). "Power and Purpose in Pacific East Asia: A Constructivist Interpretation". In Ikenberry, G. John.; Mastanduno, Michael (eds.). International Relations Theory and the Asia-Pacific. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 412. ISBN 978-0-231-50092-0.
  10. ^ Zehfuss, Maja (2012). "Critical Theory, Poststructuralism, and Postcolonialism". In Carlsnaes, Walter; Risse, Thomas; Simmons, Beth A (eds.). Handbook of International Relations (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications. p. 140. ISBN 978-1-4739-7119-6.
  11. ^ a b Griffiths 1999, p. 208.
  12. ^ Jarvis 2000, p. 106.
  13. ^ Pettiford 2015, p. 25.
  14. ^ a b Soguk, Nevzat; Nelson, Scott G, eds. (2016). "List of Contributors". The Ashgate Research Companion to Modern Theory, Modern Power, World Politics: Critical Investigations. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-19585-6.
  15. ^ Wæver, Ole (2005). "Figures of international though: introducing persons instead of paradigms". In Neumann, Iver B.; Wæver, Ole (eds.). The Future of International Relations: Masters in the Making?. London: Routledge. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-134-76219-4.
  16. ^ Bickerton, Christopher; Cunliffe, Philip; Gourevitch, Alexander (2006). "Politics without sovereignty?". In Bickerton, Christopher; Cunliffe, Philip; Gourevitch, Alexander (eds.). Politics Without Sovereignty: A Critique of Contemporary International Relations. London: Routledge. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-134-11386-6.
  17. ^ Smith, Steve; Owens, Patricia (2008). "Alternative approaches to international theory". In Baylis, John; Smith, Steve; Owens, Patricia (eds.). The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 187. ISBN 978-0-19-929777-1.
  18. ^ Howarth, D. (2013). Poststructuralism and After: Structure, Subjectivity and Power. Springer. p. 85. ISBN 978-1-137-26698-9.
  19. ^ Onuf, Nicholas Greenwood (July 2012). World of Our Making: Rules and Rule in Social Theory and International Relations. London: Routledge. p. xi. ISBN 978-0-415-63039-9.
  20. ^ Jarvis 2000, p. 90.
  21. ^ Ashley, Richard K.; Walker, R. B. J. (1990). "Introduction: Speaking the Language of Exile: Dissident Thought in International Studies". International Studies Quarterly. 34 (3): 259–268. doi:10.2307/2600569. ISSN 0020-8833. JSTOR 2600569.
  22. ^ Ashley, Richard K.; Walker, R. B. J.1 (1990). "Conclusion: Reading Dissidence/Writing the Discipline: Crisis and the Question of Sovereignty in International Studies". International Studies Quarterly. 34 (3): 367–416. doi:10.2307/2600576. ISSN 0020-8833. JSTOR 2600576.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

Works cited edit

  • Griffiths, Martin (1999). "Richard Ashley". Fifty Key Thinkers in International Relations. London: Routledge. pp. 207–211. ISBN 978-0-415-16227-2.
  • Jarvis, Darryl S. L. (2000). International Relations and the Challenge of Postmodernism: Defending the Discipline. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-57003-305-6.
  • Pettiford, Lloyd, ed. (2015). "Ashley, Richard". A New A-Z of International Relations Theory. London: I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84885-502-1.

Further reading edit

  • Brown, Chris (1994). "Critical Theory and Postmodernism in International Relations". In Groom, A. J. R.; Light, Margot (eds.). Contemporary International Relations: A Guide to Theory. London: Pinter Publishers. pp. 56–68. ISBN 978-1-85567-128-7.
  • — (1994). "'Turtles All the Way Down': Anti-Foundationalism, Critical Theory and International Relations". Millennium. 23 (2): 213–236. doi:10.1177/03058298940230020901. ISSN 0305-8298. S2CID 145499719.
  • Connoly, William E. (1989). "Identity and Difference in Global Politics". In Der Derian, James; Shapiro, Michael J. (eds.). International/intertextual relations: postmodern readings of world politics. Lexington: Lexington Books. pp. 323–342. ISBN 978-0-669-18956-8.
  • Gilpin, Robert G. (2009). "The richness of the tradition of political realism". International Organization. 38 (2): 287–304. doi:10.1017/S0020818300026710. ISSN 0020-8183. S2CID 55906931.
  • Grayson, Kyle (2010). "Dissidence, Richard K. Ashley, and the politics of silence". Review of International Studies. 36 (4): 1005–1019. doi:10.1017/S0260210510001415. ISSN 0260-2105. S2CID 146232944.
  • Hoffman, Mark (1991). "Restructuring, Reconstruction, Reinscription, Rearticulation: Four Voices in Critical International Theory". Millennium. 20 (2): 169–185. doi:10.1177/03058298910200021001. ISSN 0305-8298. S2CID 144962583.
  • Laffey, Mark (2010). "Things lost and found: Richard Ashley and the silences of thinking space". Review of International Studies. 36 (4): 989–1004. doi:10.1017/S0260210510001403. ISSN 0260-2105. S2CID 144914270.
  • Rosenau, Pauline (1990). "Once Again Into the Fray: International Relations Confronts the Humanities". Millennium. 19 (1): 83–110. doi:10.1177/03058298900190010701. ISSN 0305-8298. S2CID 144534438.
  • Spegele, Roger D. (1992). "Richard Ashley's Discourse for International Relations". Millennium. 21 (2): 147–182. doi:10.1177/03058298920210020301. ISSN 0305-8298. S2CID 146245187.
  • Roy, Ramashray (1988). "Dialogue: Towards a Critical Social Theory of International Politics—Ramashray Roy, R. B. J. Walker and Richard K. Ashley". Alternatives: Global, Local, Political. 13 (1): 77–102. doi:10.1177/030437548801300104. ISSN 0304-3754. S2CID 220873697.
  • — (1988). "Limits of Genealogical Approach to International Politics". Alternatives: Global, Local, Political. 13 (1): 77–83. doi:10.1177/030437548801300104. ISSN 0304-3754. S2CID 220873697.
  • Walker, R. B. J. (1988). "Genealogy, Geopolitics and Political Community: Richard K. Ashley and the Critical Social Theory of International Politics". Alternatives. 13 (1): 84–88. doi:10.1177/030437548801300104. S2CID 220873697.
  • Weber, Cynthia (2010). "Interruption Ashley" (PDF). Review of International Studies. 36 (4): 975–987. doi:10.1017/S0260210510001397. ISSN 0260-2105. S2CID 233335778.
  • Wæver, Ole (1989). Tradition and transgression in international relations: A post-Ashleyan position. COPRI working paper 24/1989. Copenhagen: Centre for Peace and Conflict Research (COPRI). OCLC 474596375.

External links edit

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