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Roman Catholic Diocese of Mariana in Corsica

Summary

The Diocese of Mariana in Corsica (Latin: Dioecesis Marianensis) was a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Mariana, Corsica, in the north-eastern corner of the island.[1][2] In 1563 the diocese was united with the Diocese of Acci(a) to form the Diocese of Accia and Mariana.[2] Both dioceses were poor and had lost population. Mariana had been abandoned and its bishop lived in Bastia to the north, the seat of the civil government of the island. The Cathedral sat alone near the banks of the River Golo some three miles from the sea, in the midst of fields.

History edit

 
Church of S. Parteo, Lucciana (restored)
 
Cathedral of Mariana (restored)

In the earliest history of the diocese, Ferdinando Ughelli reports[3] the existence of a Saint Petreius, Bishop of Mariana and martyr, for whom a shrine was built by a certain Ugo Colonna of Rome, according to the Sacra Corsicae Chronica of Salvatore Vitale.[4] Giuseppe Cappelletti points out that Vitale is the only source of the story, but that Ugo Colonna built the Cathedral, which was dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, and that San Petreio was a different church. He also notes that the Martyrologies do not report the existence of a bishop, a bishop and martyr, or just a martyr named Perseo or Petreio.[5] Pius Gams both italicizes the name Perseus and puts it in parentheses, indicating grave suspicion.[6]

Ughelli then reports the existence of a Bishop Catanus, Corsicanus episcopus, who attended the Synod of Arles in 314. Neither the name nor the diocese of Mariana occurs, however, in the list of those who attended the Synod.[7]

Ughelli thirdly reports the existence of Bishop Leo of Corsica, on the authority of letters of Pope Gregory I and the Sacra Corsicae Chronica of Salvatore Vitale. Bishop Leo did exist, but Pope Gregory addresses him as episcopus in Corsica, bishop in Corsica, not bishop of Corsica.[8] Leo had been sent by the Pope as an Apostolic Visitor, since, as the Pope notes, the dioceses of Corsica had long been vacant.[9]

The fourteenth century was a period of extreme crisis in Corsica. Roger Caratini notes that the population of ordinary people on the island had decreased by 8% between 1300 and 1350, mostly by migration to the territory of Pisa; then came the Black Death; between 1350 and 1400 the population decreased another 19%.[10] The ability to maintain traditional institutions in the face of the new Genoese overlords was greatly compromised.

In 1453 Pope Nicholas V entered into a verbal agreement with the Republic of Genoa, which specified that, although the Pope maintained the exclusive right to appoint bishops on the Island of Corsica, he would appoint only Genoese subjects who were acceptable to the Government. The Genoese government turned the island over to the administration of the Genoese Banco di S. Giorgio, under new statutes for Corsica were issued, the Capitula Corsorum, which specified that bishops on the island had to be natives of the island. In 1464, however, the Republic of Genoa came under the domination of the Duchy of Milan, and it was the Milanese who decided appointments. In 1479 the Milanese were compelled to evacuate Corsica, and their regulations were nullified.[11]

In 1563, considering the extreme poverty of the diocese of S. Pietro de Accia, which could no longer support a bishop, Pope Pius IV joined the diocese with the diocese of Mariana, with the new title of Bishop of Mariana and Accia.[12]

During the French Revolution, the National Constituent Assembly reformed the Church in France, drawing up the Civil Constitution of the Clergy (12 July 1790).[13] All clergy were obliged to swear an oath of allegiance to the Constitution,[14] thereby effectively entering into a schism with the Papacy and the Roman Catholic Church. The number of bishoprics in France was dramatically reduced. The five bishoprics on the island of Corsica were suppressed and combined into one, to be called the diocèse de Corse.

When the electors of Corsica assembled, they elected Ignace-François Guasco, Provost (or Dean) of the Cathedral Chapter of Mariana as their 'Constitutional Bishop'. The canonical bishop Verclos made his protest and fled to the mainland of Italy. Guasco was consecrated at Aix on 16 June 1791 by Constitutional Bishop Charles-Benoît Roux, Metropolitan of Bouches-de-Rhône; the consecration was valid but illicit and schismatic. On 11 August 1793, judging that the territory of Corse was too large, the National Convention in the Constitution of 1793 divided both the department and the diocese of Corse into two, Golo (Guasco, resident at Ajaccio) and Liamone, and ordered a second bishop to be elected for the northern and eastern part of the island. Before this could be done, however, the British seized the island, and on 23 December 1793, Guasco recanted[15] and resigned.[16] Bishop Verclos immediately returned to Corsica.

In November 1801, the decision was taken by Pope Pius VII in implementing the Concordat of 1801 not to alter the situation in Corsica which had been imposed by the French Revolution. All of the dioceses remained suppressed, with the exception of Ajaccio, which had been the center of the 'Constitutional Bishop of Corse' and which was coincidentally the birthplace of the First Consul, Napoleon Bonaparte.

In April 2002 the title Bishop of Mariana in Corsica (though not the diocesan apparatus) was revived.[17] It has been used to qualify a priest as an auxiliary bishop, and to reward a domestic prelate in the Papal Household. The titular see of Accia was separately revived in 1968.[18]

Bishops edit

Diocese of Mariana edit

...
  • Donatus (attested 649)[19]
  • Lunergius (attested 900 or 909)[20]
  • Lotherius (attested ca. 940)[21]
...
  • Guilelmus (1123)[22]
  • Petrus (1158)
  • Josephus (attested in 1179)[23]
  • Pandulfus[24] (1242)[22]
  • Opizo Cortineo (ca. 1260)
  • Adam (ca. 1320)
  • Vincentius, O.Min. (1 December 1329 – ? )
  • Benvenutus de Fabriano, O.Min. (9 June 1343 – ? )
  • Dominicus de Campotaxio (ca. 1350)
  • Raimundus, O.P. (10 June 1351 – 1352)[25]
  • Giovanni da Castello (7 January 1353 – 1364)
  • Pietro Raimundi, O.Carm. (10 April 1364 – 1366)
  • Nicolò Ligur (8 June 1366 – ? )
  • Bonaventura (ca. 1380) (appointed by Urban VI of the Roman Obedience)
  • Giovanni d'Omessa (11 February 1388 – 1428) (appointed by Urban VI of the Roman Obedience)
  • Dominicus de Orbitello[26] (19 April 1428 – 1434)
  • Giorgio Fieschi (Flisco)[27] (10 May 1434 - 3 Oct 1436) (Appointed Archbishop of Genoa)
  • Michele de Germanis de Portu Mauritii (19 November 1436 – 1458)[28]
  • Girolamo de Montenigro, O.P. (21 July 1458 – 1464)[29]
  • Leonardo Fornari (11 January 1465 – 1494)[30]
  • Ottaviano Fornari[31] (20 Jan 1495 - 1500 Died)
  • Giovanni Battista Usumari (1500 – 1512)
  • Giovanni Battista Cibo (1512 – 1531)[32]
  • Cardinal Innocenzo Cibo (Cybo), Administrator[33] (20 Mar 1531 - 1 Dec 1531 Resigned)
  • Cesare Cibo (1 December 1531 – 22 June 1548)[34]
  • Ottaviano Cibo (22 June 1548 – 1550)[35]
  • Balduino de Balduinis (17 Dec 1550 – 30 March 1554) (Appointed Bishop of Aversa)[36]
  • Cardinal Giovanni Battista Cicala (Cicada), Administrator.[37] (30 Mar 1554 - 13 Sep 1560 Resigned)
  • Nicolo Cicala (13 Sep 1560 - 1563)[38]

Diocese of Mariana and Accia edit

  • Giovanni Battista Centurioni (4 September 1570 – 1584)[39]
  • Nicolaus Mascardi (9 April 1584 – 1599)[40]
  • Hieronymus de Puteo (dal Pozzo) (29 November 1599 – 11 July 1622)[41]
  • Iulius de Puteo (dal Pozzo)
  • Giovanni Agostino Marliani
  • Carlo Fabrizio Giustiniani (10 January 1656 – 1 September 1682)[42]
  • Agostino Fieschi, O.Theat. (14 June 1683 – 28 May 1685)[43]
  • Giovanni Carlo de Mari
  • Mario Emmanuele Durazzo (1704 – 1707)[44]
  • Andrea dalla Rocca (28 November 1707 – March 1720)[45]
  • Andrea Saluzzo (3 July 1720 – 1747)[46]
  • Domenico Saporiti (31 July 1747 – April 1772)[47]
  • Angelo Edoardo Stefanini (7 September 1772 – 29 January 1775)[48]
  • Francesco Citadella (29 May 1775 – 1781[49]
  • Pierre Pineau Duverdier, Orat. (25 February 1782 – December 1788)[50]
  • Ignace François Verclos (30 March 1789 – May 1801)[51]

Titular Bishops of Mariana edit

  • Giacomo Lanzetti (21 June 2002 - 29 September 2006)[52]
  • Paolo De Nicolò (24 May 2008 - )[53]

References edit

  1. ^ "Diocese of Mariana" Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved July 15, 2016
  2. ^ a b "Titular Episcopal See of Mariana en Corse" GCatholic.org. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved July 15, 2016
  3. ^ Ughelli, IV, p. 1000. He admits, however, that neither the time nor the circumstances of the martyrdom are known.
  4. ^ Salvatore Vitale (1639). Chronica sacra, Santuario di Corsica, nel quale si tratta della vita e martirio della gloriosa vergine e martire santa Giulia di Nonza, naturale della detta isola, con altri molti santi della medesima naturali (in Italian). Florence: nella stamperia nuova d'A. Massi. p. 213.
  5. ^ Cappelletti, XVI, p. 366.
  6. ^ Gams, Series episcoporum, p. 766.
  7. ^ J.D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio editio novissima, Tomus secundus (2) (Florence 1759), pp. 476-477.
  8. ^ Gregory I, Epistolarum Liber I, no. 78 (sometimes numbered 76), in: J. P. Migne (ed.), Patrologiae Latinae Tomus LXXVII (Paris 1862), pp. 532-533.
  9. ^ Gregory (Epistles I, no. 80; Migne, p. 533) writes to the clergy and nobility of Corsica: Gregorius clero et nobilibus Corsicae a paribus. Etsi vos multo iam tempore sine pontifice esse Dei ecclesiae non doletis, nos tamen de eius regimine cogitare et suscepti cura compellit officii.... He announces that he is sending a second bishop to work with Bishop Leo, "Martinum fratrem et coepiscopum nostrum ibidem cardinalem constituere sacerdotem, Leoni vero fratri et coepiscopo nostro operam eius visitationis iniungere.
  10. ^ Roger Caratini (2009). "5. La première colonisation génoise et l'éveil du peuple corse (1284-1358)". La Corse (in French). Paris: Archipel. p. 84. ISBN 978-2-8098-0952-7.
  11. ^ François J. Casta (1974). Le diocèse d'Ajaccio (in French). Paris: Editions Beauchesne. p. 48. GGKEY:KBKELWRL4H0.
  12. ^ Germanes (Abbé de) (1776). Histoire des révolutions de Corse, depuis ses premiers habitants jusqu'à nos jours (in French). Vol. Tome III. Paris: chez Hérissant, le fils. pp. 203–204.
  13. ^ Text of Civil Constitution of the Clergy (in English) Retrieved: 2016-11-13.
  14. ^ Ludovic Sciout (1872). Histoire de la constitution civile du clergé, 1790-1801 (in French). Vol. Tome 1. Firmin Didot et Cie. pp. 180–191, 398–433.
  15. ^ L'Ami de la religion et du roi (in French). Vol. Tome 57. Paris: Le Clere. 1828. p. 264.
  16. ^ Paul Pisani (1907). Répertoire biographique de l'épiscopat constitutionnel (1791-1802) (in French). Paris: A. Picard et fils. pp. 332–334.
  17. ^ David M. Cheney, Catholic-Hierarchy, Mariana in Corsica (titular see), retrieved: 2016-11-15.
  18. ^ David M. Cheney, Catholic-Hierarchy,Accia (titular See), retrieved: 2016-11-15.
  19. ^ Bishop Donatus attended the Lateran Council of 649. Ughelli, IV, p. 1000. J.D. Mansi (ed.) Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio editio novissima, Tomus decimus (10) (Florence 1764), p. 867.
  20. ^ Lunergius subscribed a donation of Berengar, King of Corsica, to the monastery of Mons Christi. Ughelli, p. 1000. Gams, p. 766.
  21. ^ Lotherius subscribed an instrument of Atto, Bishop of Vercelli (924–961). Ughelli, p. 1000. Gams, p. 766.
  22. ^ a b Gams, p. 766.
  23. ^ Josephus was present and subscribed the decrees of the Lateran Council of Pope Alexander III in 1179. J.D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio editio novissima, Tomus vigesimus secundus (22) (Venice 1778), p. 215.
  24. ^ Eubel, I, p. 325.
  25. ^ Eubel, I, p. 325, notes that Raimundus never took possession of the See.
  26. ^ Domenico was a cleric of the diocese of Soana, and was a Doctor of Canon Law. Eubel, I, p. 325, with note 5; II, p. 185.
  27. ^ Fieschi, a member of the family of the Counts of Lavagna, had been a Canon of Genoa. He was Archbishop of Genoa from 1436 to 1439. He was promoted to the Cardinalate by Pope Eugene IV on 18 December 1439, and assigned the titular church of Sant'Anastasia. He died on 8 October 1461. Eubel, II, pp. 8, 167 and 185.
  28. ^ Michele de' Germani was a native of Porto Maurizio in the diocese of Albenga. He was assassinated. Cappelletti, p. 372. Eubel, II, p. 185.
  29. ^ Fr. Girolamo was a professor of theology. Cappelletti, p. 372.
  30. ^ Leonardo de' Fornari was a native of Genoa and a Doctor of Canon Law. He was assassinated by enemies of the Republic of Genoa. Cappelletti, p. 372. Eubel, II, p. 185.
  31. ^ Ottaviano Fornari was a Genoese patrician, and a Cleric of the Apostolic Camera (papal ministry of finance) and datary; he had been one of the seven prelates charged with judging fiscal cases. He died at the age of thirty-six. Cappelletti, p. 373. Eubel, II, p. 185.
  32. ^ Bishop Cibo attended most of the sessions of the Fifth Lateran Council. Eubel, III, p. 235.
  33. ^ Innocenzo Cibo was not the bishop. He never received episcopal consecration, so far as is known.
  34. ^ Cesare Cibo was too young to be consecrated bishop when appointed; he was therefore only Administrator of Mariana for a number of years. He was promoted to the Archbishopric of Turin on 22 June 1548. He died on 26 December 1562. Eubel, III, pp. 235 and 309.
  35. ^ Ottaviano Cibo was the brother of Bishop Cesare Cibo. Eubel, III, p. 324.
  36. ^ Eubel, III, pp. 126 and 235.
  37. ^ Eubel, III, p. 235. The Cardinal governed through his Vicar General, the Milanese Giovanni Battista Buttinone: Anton Pietro Filippini, Istoria di Corsica seconda edizione, Tomo IV (Pisa: Capurro 1834), p. 283.
  38. ^ Niccolò was a brother of Cardinal Cicala. The Cardinal was under pressure, thanks to the newly promulgated decrees of the Council of Trent which required a bishop to reside in his diocese; he therefore resigned his charge in favor of his brother. Filippini, IV, pp. 291-292. Niccolò was appointed Bishop of Accia and Mariana.
  39. ^ Centurioni built the diocesan seminary, in accordance with the decrees of the Council of Trent. Gams, p. 766.
  40. ^ Mascardi: Eubel, III, p. 235.
  41. ^ Del Pozzo: Gauchat, IV, p. 232.
  42. ^ Ritzler, V, p. 256, note 2.
  43. ^ Fieschi was born in Genoa. He had been Provost of the convent of S. Antonio in Rimini. He was consecrated in Rome by Cardinal Alessandro Crescenzio on 20 June 1683. Ritzler, V, p. 256 with note 3.
  44. ^ Durazzo: Gams, p. 767. Ritzler, V, p. 256 with note 5.
  45. ^ Della Rocca: Ritzler, V, p. 256 with note 6.
  46. ^ Saluzzo was born in the village of Albaro in the diocese of Genoa. He was Doctor in utroque iure (Civil and Canon Law) from the University of Rome, La Sapienza (1715). He had been Bishop of Aleria from 18 March 1715 to 3 July 1720. Ritzler, V, p. 76 with note 6; p. 256 with note 7.
  47. ^ Saporiti was born in Genoa and was Doctor in utroque iure (Civil and Canon Law) from the University of Pisa (1738). He was consecrated in Rome on 15 August 1747 by Cardinal Antonio Severio Gentili. Gams, p. 767. Ritzler, VI, p. 276 with note 2.
  48. ^ Stefanini was born in Bastia, Corsica. He was a Doctor of Theology of the University of Genoa (1733) and Doctor in utroque iure (Civil and Canon Law) from the University of Macerata (1741). He had been Archdeacon of Mariana, and then Vicar-General of Mariana. He was named Bishop of Sagone in Corsica (1770–1772), and consecrated in Rome by Cardinal Henry Stuart on 12 August 1770. He was nominated Bishop of Mariana and Accia by King Louis XV on 7 June 1772 and approved by Pope Clement XIV on 7 September 1772. Gams, p. 767. Ritzler, VI, p. 276 with note 3; p. 362 with note 4.
  49. ^ Citadella was nominated by King Louis XVI on 26 February 1775, and approved by Pope Pius VI on 29 May 1775. Ritzler, VI, p. 276 with note 4.
  50. ^ Duverdier (or Du Verdier) was born in the diocese of Agen in Aquitaine. He held a licenciate in Canon Law, and had been Vicar-General of the diocese of Tours. Ritzler, VI, p. 276 with note 5.
  51. ^ Verclos was born in Avignon in the Papal States. He was a Doctor of Theology (Paris). He had been Vicar-General of the diocese of Narbonne. He was nominated bishop of Mariana by King Louis XVI on 7 December 1788, and approved by Pope Pius VI on 30 March 1789. On the election of a 'Constitutional Bishop of Corse', he made a protest and fled to Italy, returning only when the English had seized the island. He died in Perugia in May 1801. Armand Jean (1891). Les évêques et les archevêques de France depuis 1682 jusqu'à 1801 (in French). Paris: A. Picard. p. 496. Ritzler, VI, p. 276 with note 6.
  52. ^ Lanzetti was named Auxiliary Bishop of Turin. On 29 September 2006, he was appointed to an actual diocese as Bishop of Alghero-Bosa. On 28 June 2010 he was transferred to the diocese of Alba (Pompea). He resigned in 2015. David M. Cheney, Catholic-Hierarchy, Bishop Giacomo Lanzetti, retrieved: 2016-11-15.
  53. ^ De Nicolo was appointed an Official of the Papal Household (10 March 1994), and promoted titular Bishop of Mariana on 24 May 2008. He retired from his job in the papal household on 4 August 2012, but retains his titular bishopric. David M. Cheney, Catholic-Hierarchy, Bishop Paolo De Nicolò, retrieved: 2016-11-15.

Books edit

  • Cappelletti, Giuseppe (1861). Le chiese d'Italia Tomo decimosesto Venezia: Giuseppe Antonelli. Retrieved: 2016-10-26.
  • Eubel, Conradus, ed. (1913). Hierarchia catholica, Tomus 1 (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana. (in Latin)
  • Eubel, Conradus, ed. (1914). Hierarchia catholica, Tomus 2 (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana.
  • Eubel, Conradus (ed.); Gulik, Guilelmus (1923). Hierarchia catholica, Tomus 3 (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)
  • Gams, Pius Bonifatius (1873). Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae: quotquot innotuerunt a beato Petro apostolo (in Latin). Ratisbon: Typis et Sumptibus Georgii Josephi Manz.
  • Gauchat, Patritius (Patrice) (1935). Hierarchia catholica IV (1592-1667). Münster: Libraria Regensbergiana. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
  • Pergola, Ph., "Mariana", in Topographie chrétienne des cités de la Gaule des origines au milieu du Ville siècle, II, Paris 1986, pp. 99–103.
  • Pisani, Paul (1907). Répertoire biographique de l'épiscopat constitutionnel (1791-1802) (in French). Paris: A. Picard et fils.
  • Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1952). Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi V (1667-1730). Patavii: Messagero di S. Antonio. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
  • Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1958). Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi VI (1730-1799). Patavii: Messagero di S. Antonio. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
  • Ughelli, Ferdinando; Coleti, Niccolò (1719). Italia sacra sive De episcopis Italiæ, et insularum adjacentium (in Latin). Vol. Tomus quartus (4). Venice: apud Sebastianum Coleti. pp. 999–1004.
  • Venturini, A. (2006), "Les évêques de Corse depuis les origines avérées à la réunion de l'évêché d'Accia à celui de Mariana (591-1563)," Etudes corses no. 65 (Fevrier 2008), pp. 1–40. (in French)

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