Rosa is a female given name, especially in the Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian languages.

Notable people with the name include:

• Rosa de Lima, or Rose of Lima (1586–1617), Peruvian nun and saint
• Rosa Silvana Abate (born 1963), Italian politician
• Rosa Albach-Retty, Austrian movie and stage actress
• Archduchess Rosa of Austria, Austrian princess
• Rosa Balistreri, Sicilian musician
• Rosa Benozzi Balletti, Italian-French actor
• Rosa Blasi, American actress
• Rosa Bonheur (1822–1899), French artist
• Rosa Bouton (1860–1951), American chemist and professor
• Rosa Nouchette Carey (1840–1909), English children's writer and popular novelist
• Rosa de Carvalho Alvarenga (fl. 1857), African slave trader
• Rosa Cedrón (born 1972), Spanish Galician singer and cellist
• Rosa Cobo Bedía (born 1956), Spanish feminist, writer, and professor
• Rosa (cow) (2001–2020), Spanish-born French cow and television personality
• Rosa DeLauro (born 1943), American politician
• Rosa Leal de Pérez (born 1953), Guatemalan psychologist
• Rosa Díez, Spanish politician
• Rosa Eriksen (born 1990), Danish politician
• Rosa Faccaro (1931–2019), Argentine art critic, painter and university teacher
• Rosa Fuentes, Mexican swimmer
• Rosa Maria Gilart Jiménez (1810–1880), Spanish embroiderer
• Rosa Guerra (1834–1864), Argentine educator, journalist, writer
• Rosa Gumataotao Rios (born 1965), American government official
• Rosa Jochmann, Austrian resistance activist and Ravensbrück survivor who became a politician (SPÖ)
• Rosa Koian, human rights and environmentalism activist from Papua New Guinea
• Rosa Lemberg (1875–1959), a Namibian-born Finnish American teacher, singer and choral conductor
• Roza Kostandyan, aka Rosa Linn, Armenian singer-songwriter
• Rosa López, also known as "Rosa", a Spanish singer and dancer
• Rosa Lund (born 1986), Danish politician
• Rosa Luxemburg, Polish communist leader
• Rosa Mayreder, Austrian freethinker, author, painter, musician and feminist
• Rosa Mota, Portuguese marathoner
• Rosa Miller Avery (1830–1894), American abolitionist, political reformer, suffragist, writer
• Rosa Mendes, half Costa Rican and half Czech professional wrestler
• Rosa Menga (born 1992), Italian politician
• Rosa Nissán (born 1939), Mexican writer
• Rosa Ohliger (died 1929), German murder victim of Peter Kürten
• Rosa O'Neill, Irish wife of Owen Roe O'Neill
• Rosa Orellana, American mathematician
• Rosa Palomino, Aymara Indigenous leader in Peru
• Rosa Parks, American civil rights icon
• Rosa Petit, Venezuelan politician
• Rosa Regàs, Spanish writer
• Rosa Robson (born 1992), English actress and comedian
• Rosa Rosà, Austrian writer
• Rosa Russo Iervolino, Italian politician
• Rosa Quintana (born 1959), Spanish civil servant and politician
• Rosa (sea otter) (born 1999), the oldest known living sea otter
• Rosa Scarlatti, Italian opera singer
• Rosa Schupbach, Iranian-Swiss-American economist
• Rosa Stallbaumer, member of the Austrian Resistance during World War II
• Rosa Valetti, German actress, cabaret performer and singer
• Rosa Vecht (1881–1915), Dutch nurse
• Rosa Vercellana, known as "Rosina" or "La Bela Rosin", mistress and later wife of Victor Emmanuel II, King of Italy
• Rosa Ponselle, American operatic soprano
• Rosa von Praunheim, German filmmaker and gay rights activist
• Rosa Kershaw Walker (1840s–1909), American author, journalist, newspaper editor
• Rosa Warrens (1821–1878), Swedish poet and translator
• Rosa Louise Woodberry (1869–1932), American journalist, educator
• Rosa Young (1890-1971), American educator