The modern ecumenical schisms of the Order of Saint Lazarus (statuted 1910) claim legacy from the suppressed French branch. One group is under the spiritual protection of the Patriarch of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church.^[1] Another is under the protection of Henri d'Orléans,^[2] the Orléanist claimant to the former crown of France, with spiritual protection under a Roman Catholic cardinal. The Catholic Church does not formally recognize these factions nor any other non-Vatican sanctioned order regardless of dynastic claim, pedigree, or foundational antiquity (e.g. Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus or the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George).^[3]

The different current Military and Hospitaller Orders of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem maintain that after 1830, the French foundation of the Order of Saint Lazarus continued under the governance of a council of officers under the protection of the Melkite Patriarchy.^[4] Documentation^[where?] to the subsequent decades^[when?] of the 19th century is scant^{[dubious – discuss]} and equivocal,^{[dubious – discuss][according to whom?]} but the order is alleged^{[according to whom?]} to have been active philanthropically^[how?] in Haifa in the mid-19th century,^[5] while contemporary biographies^{[according to whom?]} do mention late 19th-century individuals^[who?] as having been members of the Hospitaller Nobles of St. Lazarus.^{[dubious – discuss][according to whom?]} The name Order of Saint Lazarus then appeared again in 1910 with new statutes.^{[dubious – discuss][6]}

Charles Savona-Ventura, grand archivist and historian of the order, holds that it remained under apostolic authority since the Holy See did not promulgate any contrarius actus in respect to either of the two orders during the late 18th and 19th centuries.^[7][8] However, Charles Moeller and Michael Foster writing in 1911 maintain that the order was extinct after 1824 with the death of King Louis XVIII,^[9][10] ignoring the fact that the French Almanach Royal continues to list King Charles X as the order's protector until 1830.^[11] It is also true, that Roman Canon 120 §1 and §2 specifies that unless an order is explicitly abolished by the Vatican (which never happened) it continues on as a canonical entity^{[citation needed]} for at least 100 years after the death of its last knight who was the Marquis des Gouttes, who died in 1857. This assured the order's lawful existence until at least 1957 giving it time to find a protector and to reorganize, which it did several times right through the 19th century until its secularization in 1910 - see "Order of Saint Lazarus (statuted 1910)".^{[citation needed]} There remain authors such as Guy Stair Sainty who in spite of the legal and documentary evidence continue to challenge the legitimacy of the contemporary organisations claiming to be the 'Order of Saint Lazarus'.^[12]

• Order of Saint Lazarus
• Historical orders, decorations, and medals of France

• Olivier Chebrou de Lespinats (2011) Chronologie historique de l'Ordre de Saint-Lazare de Jérusalem (1099-2012), Historimes, ISBN 2-9519131-6-8
• Peter Bander van Duren, Orders of Knighthood and of Merit The Pontifical, Religious and Secularised Catholic-founded Orders and their relationship to the Apostolic See, 1995,
• Henry-Merchior de Langle et Jean-Louis de Treourret de Kerstrat, Les Ordres de Saint-Lazare de Jérusalem et de Notre-Dame du Mont-Carmel aux XVII^e et XVIII^e siècles, Paris, 1992.
• Gautier de Sibert, Histoire des Ordres royaux hospitaliers-militaires de Notre-Dame du Mont-Carmel et de Saint-Lazare de Jérusalem, Paris, 1772, réédité 1983
• Bernard Barbiche, Les Institutions de la monarchie française à l'époque moderne, Paris, PUF, 1999. 2^e édition 2001.

• Algrant y Cañete, James J.; Beaugourdon, Jean de St. Vincent de (1983). Armorial of the Military and Hospitaller Order of St.Lazarus of Jerusalem. Delft.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Statement by Gregorios III Patriarch of the Melkite-Greek Catholic Church and Spiritual Protector of the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem
• The origins of the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus
• The Heraldry and Development of the Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem
• Research Library maintained by the Office of the Grand Archivist & Historian of the united MHOSLJ and E-Library of the International Academy of Our Lady of Mount Carmel. These source provides access to the full original cartulary of the order with original documents, including all the relevant original papal bulls, dating back to the 12th century.