Ryanoid Knowpia

Ryanoids are a class of insecticides which share the same mechanism of action as the alkaloid ryanodine. Ryanodine is a naturally occurring insecticide isolated from Ryania speciosa.

Ryanoids include natural chemicals which are closely related to ryanodine, such as ryanodol and 9,21-didehydroryanodol,^[1] and also chemically distinct synthetic compounds such as chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr), flubendiamide, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, and tetraniliprole (Tetrino), which are called diamide insecticides.^[2]^[3]

Ryanoids exert their insecticidal effect by interacting with ryanodine receptors, a type of calcium channel. This causes loss of muscle function^[3] leading to paralysis and death.

References edit

^ Usherwood, P.N.R.; Vais, H. (1995). "Towards the development of ryanoid insecticides with low mammalian toxicity". Toxicology Letters. 82–83: 247–54. doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03558-3. PMID 8597061.
^ Teixeira, Luís A; Andaloro, John T (2013). "Diamide insecticides: Global efforts to address insect resistance stewardship challenges". Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 106 (3): 76–78. doi:10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.01.010.
^ ^a ^b IRAC International MoA Working Group (March 2020). "IRAC Mode of Action Classification Scheme Version 9.4". Insecticide Resistance Action Committee.

[1] Usherwood, P.N.R.; Vais, H. (1995). "Towards the development of ryanoid insecticides with low mammalian toxicity". Toxicology Letters. 82–83: 247–54. doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03558-3. PMID 8597061.

[2] Teixeira, Luís A; Andaloro, John T (2013). "Diamide insecticides: Global efforts to address insect resistance stewardship challenges". Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 106 (3): 76–78. doi:10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.01.010.

[IRAC-MoAs-3] IRAC International MoA Working Group (March 2020). "IRAC Mode of Action Classification Scheme Version 9.4". Insecticide Resistance Action Committee.

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Summary

References edit