Summary
The SRCM Mod. 35[1] is a hand grenade that was first issued to the Royal Italian Army in 1935, serving through World War II and into the 1980s. Nicknamed "Red Devils" by the British in 1941–1942 during the North African Campaign[2] after the red color of the most common type.
| SCRM Mod. 35 | |
|---|---|
 Post-war produced khaki colored training version | |
| Type | Fragmentation Grenade, Offensive |
| Place of origin | Kingdom of Italy |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1935–1980 |
| Used by | Regio Esercito Regia Aeronautica Marina Militare Armed Forces of Malta Wehrmacht French Army |
| Production history | |
| Manufacturer | Società Romana Costruzioni Meccaniche |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 240 g (8.5 oz) |
| Height | 85 mm (3.3 in) |
| Diameter | 57 mm (2.2 in) |
| Filling | TNT or dinitronaphthalene |
| Filling weight | 43 g (1.5 oz) |
Detonation mechanism | percussion |
Description edit
Entered into service in 1935, the SRCM Mod. 35, together with the OTO Mod. 35 and the Breda Mod. 35 represented the new generation of hand grenades with which the Royal Italian Army faced World War II. After the Armistice of Cassibile it was adopted as Handgranate 328 by the German forces in Italy. It was used by the Italian Army until the late 1980s, and the armed forces of Malta (supplied by MIATM).[3]
The SRCM Mod. 35 is an offensive-type hand grenade meaning that it scatters light shrapnel, lethal within a radius of less than the maximum distance of the throw, its purpose being to cover the advance of the thrower without the thrower having to seek cover. Typical throwing range is 20–25 m (66–82 ft) and the effective range of the shrapnel 10–15 m (33–49 ft).[4] The outer shell of the grenade is aluminium, containing 43 g (1.5 oz) of TNT and dinitronaphthalene with an internal wire wrapped around it that turns into shrapnel at the time of the explosion. It has two safeties, a manual one consisting of a crossbar with brass handle and an automatic one, consisting by a cross bar of aluminium connected to an external handle.
During the war the SRCM were also used as anti-personnel mines with appropriate modifications. Mounted without the safety, inside a tubular structure with a protruding pin that worked as striker. When stepped on the striker depressed into the tube hitting the grenade fuze.[5]
Issues edit
In the SCRM 35 Italian ordnance designers created a compact grenade that was designed to explode on impact, but it also gained a reputation for being spectacularly dangerous. The Red Devil earned its nickname for two reasons- the Italian ordnance color code for High Explosive was red and when Allies found the grenades unexploded, they sometimes had the habit of going off after the fact.
The Red Devil was activated by yanking on a rubber tab that freed a safety ring. Once hurled into the air, a safety cap partially encasing the brightly painted aluminium body, disengaged and partially armed the grenade. A small chain inside the cap acted as a second safety, pulling away and preparing the grenade for detonation.
Unlike almost all other grenades of the 20th century, the Red Devil did not use a timed chemical reaction to ignite the explosive filler. The grenade, once its safety disengaged, It would explode on impact.
The Red Devil had a small shutter built into the case. Only when the grenade struck a surface with sufficient force would the shutter move, allowing a striker inside the grenade to ignite the explosive filler. The Red Devil was designed to explode, sending shrapnel out, no matter how the grenade landed.
While the safeties proved reliable, there were always problems with the grenade remaining unexploded. In North Africa, British forces during World War II would find these red-painted hand grenades undetonated. And, on occasion, when a grenade was picked back up the striker would engage and detonate. [6]
Versions edit
Post-war produced grenades were painted a khaki color and using the same colored lines scheme for the various versions.
| Version | Picture | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| War | Red colored shell. | |
| War Regia Marina | White with red stripe, loaded with TNT.[7] | |
| Smoke | Yellow during the war, after the war red; recognizable by many big holes on the outer shell. | |
| Smoke Incendiary | For operational use, without holes, red upper half, lower half black with lettering on the bottom F and F1, respectively.[8] | |
| Charge reduced for training | Red with brown and blue stripes, charge is a mixture of 5 g (0.18 oz) of smoke, handle without the internal shrapnel wire. | |
| HE | Red with yellow line, high-potential TNT charge. |
See also edit
Notes edit
- ^ "Italian Army website". Archived from the original on 2015-11-28.
- ^ Italian Bomba a Mano Mod. 35 Archived 2016-05-26 at the Wayback Machine www.inert-ord.net accessed 2016-05-01
- ^ "The SCRM in Malta". Archived from the original on 2015-09-30.
- ^ "Regio Esercito war material". Archived from the original on 2016-03-05.
- ^ "Anti-Personnel usage of the grenade" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2016-10-28.
- ^ "Little Red Devil -Dieselpunks". Archived from the original on 2018-06-28.
- ^ "Weapons, SRCM bomb of italian royal navy". Archived from the original on 2015-12-08.
- ^ "SCRM". Archived from the original on 2012-07-01.
Bibliography edit
- Istruzione Sulla Bomba a Mano S.R.C.M Mod. 35 ad effetto ridotto, Stato Maggiore Esercito, 1972
- Le armi e le artiglierie in servizio di F. Grandi, ", 1938