Samuel or Sam Cooper may refer to:

• Samuel Cooper (painter) (1609–1672), English miniature painter
• Samuel Cooper (clergyman) (1725–1783), Congregationalist minister in Boston, Massachusetts
• Samuel Cooper (surgeon) (1780–1848), English surgeon and writer of medical books
• Samuel Cooper (general) (1798–1876), U.S. Army officer and senior Confederate general officer
• Samuel Cooper (serial killer) (born 1977), American serial killer
• Samuel B. Cooper (1850–1918), U.S. Representative from Texas
• Samuel Cooper Thacher (1785–1818), American clergyman and librarian
• Samuel Cooper (volleyball) (born 2001), Canadian volleyball player
• Sam Cooper (baseball) (1897–?), American baseball player
• Sam Cooper (American football) (1909–1998), American football player
• Sam Cooper (journalist), Canadian investigative journalist and best-selling author