Summary
Shumyachsky District (Russian: Шумячский райо́н) is an administrative[1] and municipal[5] district (raion), one of the twenty-five in Smolensk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast and borders with Khislavichsky District in the north, Pochinkovsky District in the northwest, Roslavlsky District in the east, Yershichsky District in the southeast, Klimavichy District of Mogilev Region of Belarus in the south, and with Krychaw and Mstsislaw Districts, also of Mogilev Region, in the west. The area of the district is 1,367.70 square kilometers (528.07 sq mi).[1] Its administrative center is the urban locality (a settlement) of Shumyachi.[1] Population: 10,713 (2010 Census);[2] 14,032 (2002 Census);[7] 17,678 (1989 Census).[8] The population of Shumyachi accounts for 39.5% of the district's total population.[2]
Shumyachsky District
Шумячский район | |
|---|---|
 Lime trees near Pervomayskaya, Shumyachsky District | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
 Location of Shumyachsky District in Smolensk Oblast | |
| Coordinates: 53°51′N 32°25′E / 53.850°N 32.417°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Smolensk Oblast[1] |
| Established | 1929 |
| Administrative center | Shumyachi[1] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 1,367.70 km2 (528.07 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 10,713 |
| • Estimate (2018)[3] | 9,375 (−12.5%) |
| • Density | 7.8/km2 (20/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 39.5% |
| • Rural | 60.5% |
| Administrative structure | |
| • Administrative divisions | 1 Urban settlements, 7 Rural settlements |
| • Inhabited localities[1] | 1 Urban-type settlements[4], 139 rural localities |
| Municipal structure | |
| • Municipally incorporated as | Shumyachsky Municipal District[5] |
| • Municipal divisions[5] | 1 urban settlements, 7 rural settlements |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK [6]) |
| OKTMO ID | 66656000 |
| Website | http://shumichi.admin-smolensk.ru/ |
Geography edit
The whole district belongs to the drainage basin of the Sozh River, a major left tributary of the Dnieper. The Sozh itself makes the northwestern border of the district, separating it from Mogilev Region of Belarus. The biggest tributary of the Sozh traversing the district is the Ostyor River, which makes the southwestern border of the district, separating it from Mogilev Region as well.
History edit
Historically, the area belonged intermittently to the Principality of Smolensk and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, subsequently to Poland. Shumyachi is first mentioned in 1587.[9] The western part of the district was in 1772, as a result of the First Partition of Poland, transferred to Russia and included in the newly established Mogilev Governorate. It belonged to Klimovichsky Uyezd. In 1810, one of the first Arakcheev military settlements (Shtab-Zagustino) was established here.[10] In 1919, Mogilev Governorate was abolished, and the area was transferred to Gomel Governorate. The eastern part, in the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, was included into Smolensk Governorate and remained there until 1929, with the exception of the brief periods between 1713 and 1726, when it belonged to Riga Governorate, and between 1775 and 1796, when Smolensk Governorate was transformed into Smolensk Viceroyalty. It belonged to Roslavlsky Uyezd. In 1922, the western part of the district was included to Roslavlsky Uyezd as well.[11]
On 12 July 1929, governorates and uyezds were abolished, and Shumyachsky District with the administrative center in the settlement of Shumyachi was established. The district belonged to Roslavl Okrug of Western Oblast.[10] On August 1, 1930 the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were subordinated directly to the oblast. On 27 September 1937 Western Oblast was abolished and split between Oryol and Smolensk Oblasts. Shumyachsky District was transferred to Smolensk Oblast. Between August 1941 and 1943, during WWII, the district was occupied by German troops.[10][12] In 1965, Shumyachi was granted the urban-type settlement status.[11]
In 1972, during the abortive Khrushchyov administrative reform, Yershichsky District was merged into Shumyachsky District. In 1965, it was re-established.[12]
Economy edit
Industry edit
The enterprises in the district produce peat, glass, as well as there are several enterprises of food industry.[9]
Agriculture edit
The main agricultural specializations are cattle breeding with meat and milk production as well as growing of crops and potatoes.[9]
Transportation edit
The A130 highway (the "Warsaw Highway") which connects Moscow with Babruysk via Obninsk, Roslavl, and Krychaw, crosses the southern part of the district. Shumyachi has a connection to A130. There are also local roads with bus traffic originating from Shumyachi.
The railway connecting Roslavl and Krychaw crosses the southern part of the district. The only station inside the district is Ponyatovka railway station, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of Shumyachi. In Roslavl, the railway has access to Smolensk and Bryansk; there is not through traffic to Belarus. There is no passenger traffic.
Culture and recreation edit
In Shumyachi, there is a local museum.[13]
References edit
Notes edit
- ^ a b c d e f g Resolution #261
- ^ a b c Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
- ^ The count of urban-type settlements may include the work settlements, the resort settlements, the suburban (dacha) settlements, as well as urban-type settlements proper.
- ^ a b c Law #138-z
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ a b c "Паспорт муниципального образования "Шумячский район" Смоленской области" (in Russian). Shumyachsky District Administration. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
- ^ a b c "Историческая справка" (in Russian). Shumyachsky District Administration. Retrieved August 24, 2017.
- ^ a b "История п.Шумячи" (in Russian). Shumyachsky District Administration. Retrieved August 24, 2017.
- ^ a b Борис Парфенов; Ольга Хоренженкова. "К истории формирования Смоленской области" (in Russian). Смоленск. Archived from the original on May 31, 2016. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
- ^ "Муниципальное бюджетное учреждение «Шумячский художественно-краеведческий музей»" (in Russian). Шумячский художественно-краеведческий музей. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
Sources edit
- Администрация Смоленской области. Постановление №261 от 30 апреля 2008 г. «Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных единиц и территориальных единиц Смоленской области», в ред. Постановления №464 от 27 июня 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в реестр административно-территориальных единиц и территориальных единиц Смоленской области». Опубликован: База данных "Консультант-плюс". (Administration of Smolensk Oblast. Resolution #261 of April 30, 2008 On the Adoption of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and Territorial Units of Smolensk Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #464 of June 27, 2014 On Amending the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and Territorial Units of Smolensk Oblast. ).
- Смоленская областная Дума. Закон №138-з от 28 декабря 2004 г. «О наделении статусом муниципального района муниципального образования "Шумячский район" Смоленской области, об установлении границ муниципальных образований, территории которых входят в его состав, и наделении их соответствующим статусом», в ред. Закона №92-з от 31 октября 2011 г. «О внесении изменений в областной Закон "О наделении статусом муниципального района муниципального образования "Шумячский район" Смоленской области, об установлении границ муниципальных образований, территории которых входят в его состав, и наделении их соответствующим статусом"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Вестник Смоленской областной Думы и Администрации Смоленской области", №14, часть III, стр. 199, 30 декабря 2004 г. (Smolensk Oblast Duma. Law #138-z of December 28, 2004 On Granting the Status of the Municipal District to the Municipal Formation of "Shumyachsky District" of Smolensk Oblast, on Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations the Territories of Which It Comprises, and on Granting Them Appropriate Status, as amended by the Law #92-z of October 31, 2011 On Amending the Oblast Law "On Granting the Status of the Municipal District to the Municipal Formation of "Shumyachsky District" of Smolensk Oblast, on Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations the Territories of Which It Comprises, and on Granting Them Appropriate Status". Effective as of the official publication date.).