Summary
Siarhei Vosipavich Prytytski[a] (1 February 1913 – 13 June 1971)[2] was a Belarusian Soviet communist activist, politician, and partisan commander. Having started as a communist activist in Western Belarus (then part of the Second Polish Republic), after the Soviet invasion of Poland he became a high-ranking politician in the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic.[3]
Siarhei Prytytski | |
|---|---|
Сяргей Прытыцкі | |
 | |
| Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Belarusian SSR | |
| In office 22 January 1968 – 13 June 1971 | |
| Preceded by | Vasily Kozlov |
| Succeeded by | Fedar Surganau |
| Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus | |
| In office 1962–1968 | |
| Deputy Head of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic | |
| In office 1962–1968 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1 February 1913 Harkawicze, Grodno Governorate, Russian Empire (now Poland) |
| Died | 13 June 1971 (aged 58) Minsk, Belarusian SSR, Soviet Union (now Belarus) |
| Political party | Communist Party of the Soviet Union |
| Other political affiliations | Communist Party of West Belarus |
| Spouse | Tatsiana Prytytskaya[1] |
| Awards | |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Soviet Union |
| Branch/service | Soviet partisans |
| Battles/wars | |
Childhood edit
Prytytski was born on 1 February 1913, in Harkawicze (Belarusian: Гаркавічы) in the Polish-Belarusian borderlands, then part of the Russian Empire,[2] as the third son of a school watchman.[3] In 1914 his family fled to Nizhny Shkaft (within Russia) from the approaching front of the First World War.[4]
Activism and imprisonment in West Belarus edit
In 1931 Prytytski became Secretary of the youth branch (Komsomol) of the illegal Communist Party of West Belarus in Krynki in the Second Polish Republic. In 1932 he became member of the party and was elected secretary of the local party branch in Hrodna[5] In 1933 Prytytski was for the first time arrested by Polish authorities and imprisoned in Hrodna, but soon released.[5]
Between 1933 and 1934 he was a member of the local committee of the CPWB Komsomol in Slonim and led strikes of forestry workers in the area. From 1934 to 1935 he studied at the CPWB school in the then-Soviet Belarusian city of Minsk. In 1935 he became Secretary of the local youth branch of the CPWB in Slonim.
Prytytski made a widely publicized unsuccessful assassination attempt on Polish agent provocateur[5][6][7] Jakub Strelczuk in the Polish court at Vilnius on 27 January 1936, shooting from two Nagant revolvers.[3] The operation was planned and organized by the leader of the West Belarusian Komsomol Mikalai Dvornikau, who also was the backup of the main executor. After the shooting, Prytytski was arrested and sentenced to death. The death sentence provoked wide international protest in West Belarus, Poland, France, Czechoslovakia and the United States.[6] Following the protests, the Polish authorities changed the sentence to life imprisonment.
In September 1939, after the Soviet invasion of Poland, Prytytski was freed. He was elected into the People's Assembly of West Belarus and made a presentation demanding West Belarus to join the Soviet Union.[6]
Career in the Soviet Union edit
After the reunification of West Belarus with the Belarusian SSR, in late 1939 Prytytski was made deputy head of the executive committee of the newly established Belastok Region.
After Operation Barbarossa in June 1941, Prytytski escaped to the eastern part of Belarus still under the Soviet control. In June–August 1941 he led the defense preparations around Mogilev and the creation of defense militia near Gomel.[6]
Between 1942 and 1944 Prytytski was Second Secretary of the Central Committee of the Belarusian branch of the Komsomol. From 1944 to 1945 he was head of a pro-Soviet Polish[6] partisan command staff. For his command of Polish partisans, he was awarded one of his Orders of the Red Banner.[5]
After the end of the Second World War, Prytytski became one of the most successful Soviet statesman from the ranks of the former West Belarusian pro-Soviet activists.[7]
He served as the head of regional party branches in Grodno, Baranavichy, Maladzyechna and Minsk Regions.[6] During his work, he organized collectivization of local agriculture.[5] In the first post-war years, Prytytski was close to being arrested under accusations of anti-Soviet espionage for Poland.[5]
In the 1960s, Prytytski has held senior posts in Soviet Belarus.
From 1962 to 1968 he was Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus and Deputy Head of the Government of Belarus.
From 1968 to 1971 Prytytski was Head of Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of Belarus.[8]
In popular culture edit
- Vladimir Korsh-Sablin, a notable Belarusian Soviet director, filmed the movie "Red Leaves" (Belarusfilm, 1958) about Prytytski's underground experience in Western Belarus.
- There are streets named after Prytytski in Minsk, Hrodna, Maladziechna and Baranavichy (Vulica Prytyckaha).[8]
- In Minsk, there two memorial plaques on the walls of the buildings where he lived.
- In 1978, the book "Life given to the people" was published, in which articles and speeches by Prytytski, documents and memoirs about him were placed. It was opened with the introductory article "The People's Hero" by Pyotr Masherov.
External links edit
- Documents about Prytytski in the state archives of Belarus
- "Red Leaves" movie (in Russian)
Notes edit
- ^ Belarusian: Сяргей Восіпавіч Прытыцкі; Polish: Sergiusz Prytycki; Russian: Сергей Осипович Притыцкий, romanized: Sergey Osipovich Pritytsky
Sources edit
- ^ Ruzecka, Aliaksandr (6 December 2008). "Последние листья" [The last leaves]. Sovetskaya Belorussiya (in Russian). Retrieved 23 September 2016.
- ^ a b Grzegorz Rąkowski, Komunisci z Harkawicz: Polska egzotyczna, Part 1. Oficyna Wydawnicza "Rewasz" 2005, page 211. ISBN 8389188376
- ^ a b c Andrzej Poczobut, Joanna Klimowicz (June 2011). "Białostocki ulubieniec Stalina" (PDF file, direct download 2.40 MB). Ogólnokrajowy tygodnik SZ «Związek Polaków na Białorusi» (Association of Poles of Belarus). Głos znad Niemna (Voice of the Neman weekly), Nr 7/60. pp. 6–7 of current document. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
- ^ "Школа улиц Сергея Притыцкого" [The school of the streets of Siarhiei Prytytski]. Sovetskaya Belorussiya – Belarus' Segodnya (in Russian). June 2008. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f Ioffе, Emanuil (June 2008). "Сергей Притыцкий: хроника жизни" [Siarhiei Prytytski: a chronicle of life] (PDF). Bielaruskaja Dumka (in Russian). BelTA. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f "Притыцкий Сергей Осипович" [Siarhiei Prytytski: biography and collection of archive documents]. National Archives of Belarus (in Russian). Retrieved 23 September 2016.
- ^ a b Mikulevic, Siarhiej (16 February 2008). "Шчаслівы лёс беларускага тэрарыста нумар адзін" [The lucky fate of Belarus's number one terrorist]. Nasha Niva (in Belarusian). Retrieved 23 September 2016.
- ^ a b "Рэпрэсаваныя літаратары, навукоўцы, работнікі асветы, грамадскія і культурныя дзеячы Беларусі. 1794-1991. » Том II » ПРЫТЫЦКІ Сяргей Восіпавіч" [Repressed writers, scientists, education workers, public and cultural activists of Belarus. 1794-1991 - Volume II - PRYTYTSKI Siarhiei Vosipavich]. marakou.by (in Belarusian). Leanid Marakou. Retrieved 23 September 2016.