The Scottish Parliament was reconveined in 1999 with legislative authority over many areas of social policy. However, social security remained a reserved matter of the UK Government through the Department for Work and Pensions. The Smith Commission following the ‘No’ vote to independence in the 2014 referendum recommended that authority over several areas of social security be transferred to the Scottish Parliament under a revised devolution settlement for Scotland.^[2]

This was put into statue through the Scotland Act 2016.

With the Scotland Act 2016 transferring authority over some elements of social security, the Scottish Government introduced the Social Security (Scotland) Bill. This Bill introduced a different approach to administering social security in Scotland compared to the approach of the United Kingdom. The Bill set out 8 principles of social security, putting into statute that social security is a human right, it is to be delivered as a public service and that it is to contribute to the reducing of poverty and provide dignity and respect to Scottish citizens.^[3]

The Bill sets out the need for a Scottish social security charter, which sets out the expectations of Scottish Ministers when developing social security policy, the expectations of Social Security Scotland when administering policies, and the expectations on individuals who are receiving assistance from Social Security Scotland.

The Bill established the Scottish Commission on Social Security, which is a corporate body independent of the Scottish Government. The Commission's purpose is to scrutinise Scottish Government policy decisions and to ensure that the Scottish Government and Social Security Scotland are fulfilling the legal requirements under the Bill.

This Bill was passed on 25 April 2018 and received Royal Assent on 1 June 2018 as the Social Security (Scotland) Act 2018. It is the first Scotland wide social security agency in the nation's history.^[4]

From March 2023, the Cabinet Secretary of the Scottish Government with responsibility for Social Security Scotland is the Cabinet Secretary for Social Justice. Previously, the position was supported by the Minister for Social Security and Local Government. From June 2018 to May 2021, responsibility sat with the Cabinet Secretary for Social Security and Older People, supported by the Minister for Equalities and Older People.^[5]

The Scottish Government is taking over responsibility for disability benefits delivered by the UK Government's Department for Work and Pensions. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Scottish Government delayed the launch of disability benefits.^[6]

The Scottish Government will replace Attendance Allowance with the new Pension Age Disability Payment.^[7]

Child Disability Payment edit

Child Disability Payment provides support for the extra costs that a disabled child might have and can be paid up until a child turns 18 years old. The payment has a care component and a mobility component, each with three different payment rates.^[8]

Child Disability Payment was launched as a pilot in Dundee City, Perth and Kinross, and the Western Isles in July 2021 and rolled out to the rest of Scotland in November 2021. Child Disability Payment replaced Disability Living Allowance for Children.^[9][10]

Adult Disability Payment edit

Adult Disability Payment provides support for people between 16 years old and state pension age who are disabled, have a long-term health condition, or a terminal illness. The payment has a daily living component and a mobility component, with standard and enhanced payment rates.

Adult Disability Payment rolled out in phases across Council areas from March 2022 and launched nationally in August 2022. Adult Disability Payment replaced Personal Independence Payment. People with ongoing awards of Personal Independence Payment do not need to make an application for Adult Disability Payment, as their awards will automatically transfer to Social Security Scotland from summer 2022.^[11]

Child Winter Heating Assistance edit

Child Winter Heating Assistance is a new payment to help with winter costs for families with children in receipt Child Disability Payment or the highest rate of the care component of Disability Living Allowance for children.^[12]

Child Winter Heating Assistance was the first disability benefit delivered by Social Security Scotland and launched in winter 2020, with the first families being paid in December 2020. The payment currently is £235.70 per eligible child, and is paid automatically to eligible families without needing to apply.^[13]

The Scottish Government has taken over several benefits for people and families on low incomes from the Department for Work and Pensions. New benefits for people on low incomes have also been launched.

Scottish Child Payment edit

Scottish Child Payment provides support for families on low incomes with children under 16 years old and in receipt of certain means-tested benefits, such as Universal Credit, Jobseeker's Allowance, Employment and Support Allowance, and certain legacy benefits.^[14]

Scottish Child Payment was a new payment announced by the Scottish Government in 2019 as a means to help reduce the prevalence of childhood poverty in Scotland.^[15] It was first introduced for eligible families with children under six, with applications open from November 2020 and first payments made in February 2021.^[16] Initially the payment was £10 per week, per child, however this was doubled to £20 in April 2021.^[17]

On 14 November 2022, Scottish Child Payment rolled out to families with children under 16 years old and the payment increased for a third time to £25 per week, per child.^[18]

Best Start Grant edit

Best Start Grant and Best Start Foods provides support to families to help with costs during key early years of a child's life. Best Start Grant is made up of three payments: Pregnancy and Baby Payment, Early Learning Payment, and School Age Payment. While Pregnancy and Baby Payment replaced Sure Start Maternity Grant, Early Learning Payment and School Age Payment are new benefits introduced by the Scottish Government.^[19]

Funeral Support Payment edit

Funeral Support Payment replaced the Funeral Payment in September 2019 and aims to reduce funeral poverty in Scotland by providing people who receive certain benefits or tax credits with a payment that can be used to help pay funeral costs, burial or cremation costs, travel costs, and medical costs.^[20]

Carer’s Allowance Supplement edit

Carer's Allowance Supplement is an extra payment to carers in Scotland who are receiving a full or partial Carer's Allowance payment from the Department for Work and Pensions. Social Security Scotland pays this automatically every six months, in June and December, without the need for applications. This payment launched in September 2018 and will run until Scottish Government plans for a new Carer's Allowance are in place. From April 2023, Carer's Allowance Supplement increased to £270.50 for each payment.^[21]

In June 2020, an extra Carer's Allowance Supplement payment of £230.10 was paid alongside the standard payment. This was a one-off payment to provide support to carers during the COVID-19 pandemic.^[22]

Young Carer Grant edit

Young Carer Grant is a new benefit which provides support to young carers, aged 16 to 18 years old, who care for someone for at least 16 hours a week but do not qualify for Carer's Allowance. Young Carer Grant launched in October 2019 and currently is a yearly payment of £359.65.^[23]

Job Start Payment edit

Job Start Payment is a new benefit to help young people aged 16 to 24 years old (or up to 25 years old if a care leaver) with the costs of the transition into employment, after a period of time out of paid work. The benefit launched in August 2020 after a short delay due to COVID-19.^[24] The current payment is £294.70, or £471.50 if the person has a child.^[25]

Winter Heating Payment edit

Winter Heating Payment replaced the Cold Weather Payment in 2023 to help with winter costs for people who receive who income benefits who might have extra heating needs. To be eligible, people need to be in receipt of a qualifying benefit and meet an additional criteria during a qualifying week in November 2022. The benefit is automatically paid and currently is a payment of £50.^[26]

Social Security Scotland operates from the headquarters Agnes Husband House in Dundee and a large office on High Street, Glasgow. Social Security Scotland also offers a local delivery service of trained advisors located in each local authority in Scotland for face-to-face provision.^[27][28]

In 2019-20, the Scottish Government budget for Social Security policy totalled at over £434 million.^[29] Now delivering twelve benefits as of March 2023, the Scottish Government committed £5.2 billion to Social Security policy for financial year 2023-24.^[30]

With the Scotland Act 2016 only devolving some aspects of social security provisions, many services remain reserved to the UK Government, administered through the Department for Work and Pensions based on UK Government policy decisions. These include:^[31][32]

• Universal Credit
• Jobseeker's Allowance
• Employment and Support Allowance
• Income Support
• Working Tax Credit
• Child Tax Credit
• Housing Benefit
• Child Benefit
• Severe Disablement Allowance
• Maternity Allowance
• Guardian's Allowance
• State Pension
• Pension Credit
• Incapacity Benefit
• Vaccine Damage Payment
• Widowed Parent's Allowance
• Support for Mortgage Interest
• Statutory Payments
• Bereavement Allowance
• Bereavement Payment
• Widowed Payment Allowance
• Carer's Credit
• Armed Forces Independence Payment
• Parents Learning Allowance
• Blind Person's Allowance
• National Concessionary Fuel Scheme
• Warm Home Discount Scheme
• War Widower Pension
• Mortgage Interest Run On
• Diffuse Mesothelioma Payment
• Disability Premiums