Solano is an unclassified extinct language formerly spoken in northeast Mexico and perhaps also in the neighboring U.S. state of Texas. It is a possible language isolate.
Solano | |
---|---|
Olelato | |
Region | Northeast Mexico (near Mission San Francisco Solano |
Extinct | 18th century |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | xso |
xso | |
Glottolog | sanf1266 |
Pre-contact distribution of Solano language |
Solano is known only from a 21-word vocabulary list that appears at the end of a 1703–1708 baptism book from the San Francisco Solano Mission,[1] which hosted at least four different peoples, including the Xarame, Payuguan, Papanac, and Siaguan.[2] Supposedly the language is of the Indians of this mission – perhaps the Terocodame band cluster. The Solano peoples are associated with the 18th-century missions near Eagle Pass, Texas.
The 21 known Solano words, as reproduced in Swanton (1940), are:[3]
Solano | English |
---|---|
aapag | yes |
apam | water |
genin, genint | three |
hikomeya, hycomeya | is she your sister? |
hipayō, hypayô | to wish; Spanish: quiere (?) |
kainika, cainica | tortilla |
krisen, crisen; krigen, crigen | bad |
nabaog | I am hungry |
naha | mother |
namō | eat it |
nikaog, nicaog | meat |
no | fur |
paam | there is none |
papam | father |
saath | four |
sieh | give me |
sihik, sihic | tobacco |
sopaam | sister |
soyā | brother |
tciene, chiene | salt |
taapam | there are |
Below is a comparison of selected words from Zamponi (2024). There are no obvious cognates with other neighboring languages.[2]
language | father | four | meat | mother | three | water |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solano | papam | saath | nikaog | naha | genin | hipayō |
Lipan Apache[4] | -ʔaaší | dínínɁí | -cinin | -Ɂ-nándí | káíɁí | kó |
Coahuilteco[5] | -xana·y | puwa·nc̉an | aha·wh | -ta·y | axtikpil | wan |
Comecrudo[6] | mawiʹs | nawuiʹ | eweʹ, kai | maʹt, te | ̉yiʹy | aʹx̣ |
Tonkawa[7] | ʔewas, ta·taʔ | sikit | ʔawas | xʔay, ʔesaʔ | metis | ʔa·x |
Proto-Uto-Aztecan[8] | *na, *ta(ta), *ʔok | *mako’ | *tuhku, *waʔi | *ye, *nan | *pahi | *pa |