Summary
The Standing Committee on Vaccination at the Robert Koch Institute (German: Ständige Impfkommission am Robert-Koch-Institut, German pronunciation: [ˈʃtɛndɪɡə ˈɪmp͡fkɔmɪˌsi̯oːn am ˌʁoːbɛʁt ˈkɔx ɪnstiˌtuːt] ⓘ ), or STIKO (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtiːko] ⓘ), is a scientific committee comprising 18 members at the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin, Germany that provides official recommendations for the vaccination schedules used by the individual German states. The committee meets twice yearly to review the latest research regarding vaccination against infectious diseases. Although the STIKO makes recommendations, immunization in Germany is voluntary and there are no official government recommendations. German Federal States typically follow the STIKO's recommendations minimally, although each state can make recommendations for their geographic jurisdiction that extends beyond the recommended list.[1] In addition to the proposed immunization schedule for children and adults, the STIKO recommends vaccinations for occupational groups, police, travelers, and other at risk groups.[1]
| Ständige Impfkommission am Robert-Koch-Institut | |
| Agency overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 1972 |
| Jurisdiction | Germany |
| Agency executive |
|
| Parent department | Robert Koch Institute |
| Website | www |
History edit
The STIKO was established in 1972 as a department of the German Federal Health Agency in Berlin. During a reorganization of the Federal Health Agency in 1994, the STIKO was attached to the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) in Berlin which was now an independent Upper-level federal agency under the purview of the Federal Ministry of Health (BMG). RKI compiles data of immunization status upon the entry of children at school, and measures vaccine coverage of Germany at a national level.[1]
The legal basis for the STIKO is §20 of the Infection Protection Act (Infektionsschutzgesetz, or IfSG). Members of the expert body are appointed by the Federal Ministry of Health in coordination with the state ministries of health. Additional expert representatives from the Paul Ehrlich Institute, Robert Koch Institute Federal and state ministries of health attend the meetings in an advisory capacity.[2]
Responsibility edit
The commission's responsibility is to provide scientifically based recommendations regarding the necessary vaccinations in Germany. Due to the importance of the recommendations, these have been codified in the Infection Protection Act since 2001. In accordance with the goals of the Infection Protection Act, the recommendations are focused on vaccinations that are most relevant to the protection of public health.
The law does not require the commission to perform cost–benefit analysis on individual vaccinations. The commission's recommendations are based on a vaccine's risk–benefit ratio, evaluating the effectiveness of a vaccine versus any risks posed. The commission has developed criteria to minimize vaccine injuries caused by side effects.
German health insurance companies are obligated to cover the cost of any immunizations recommended by the STIKO after they have been reviewed the Federal Joint Committee (G-BA). The G-BA generally adopts the commission's recommendations, although minor differences do exist.
Membership edit
The members of the STIKO are appointed by the Federal Ministry for Health for 3-year terms.[3] The members serve pro bono publico. Members include experts from many scientific disciplines and public health fields and professionals with extensive experience on vaccination.[4]
For the period of 2020 through 2023, the commission has the following members:[5]
- Chairman: Thomas Mertens, medical director of the Institute for Virology at the University Clinic of Ulm.
- Deputy Chairwoman: Sabine Wicker, Director of the occupational health services at the Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt at Goethe University Frankfurt
- Christian Bogdan, director of the Microbiological Institute at the University Clinic of Erlangen
- Gerd-Dieter Burchard, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg
- Edeltraut Garbe, Leibniz-Institut für Präventionsforschung und Epidemiologie, Bremen
- Ulrich Heininger, Head doctor of the Pediatric Infectiology and Vaccinology department at the University Children’s Hospital Basel (Switzerland)
- Eva Hummers-Pradier, Director of the Institute for General Medicine at University of Göttingen
- Thomas Ledig, general practitioner and research associate of the University Hospital Heidelberg
- Martina Littmann, Director of the Department for Infection Prevention at the State Office for Health and Social Affairs of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Rostock
- Jörg J. Meerpohl, Co-Director of Cochrane Deutschland at the University Medical Center Freiburg
- Marianne Röbl-Mathieu, Gynecologist, Munich
- Martin Terhardt, Pediatrician, Berlin
- Klaus Überla, Director of the Virological Institute of University Clinic of Erlangen
- Marianne van der Sande, Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Center Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven (Netherlands)
- Rüdiger von Kries, Director of the Epidemiology Department and Leiter der Abteilung Epidemiologie und acting head of the Institute for Social Pediatrics at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
- Gudrun Widders, Ministry of Health at the district office of Spandau, Berlin
- Ursula Wiedermann, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna
- Fred Zepp, Director of the Center for Child and Youth Medicine at the University Hospital, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
See also edit
- National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (the global concept)
- Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (United States)
- Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (United Kingdom)
- National Advisory Committee on Immunization (Canada)
References edit
- ^ a b c "Germany" (PDF). Vaccination European New Integrated Collaboration Effort. Venice III. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-01-05. Retrieved 2020-02-04.
- ^ "§ 20 IfSG - Einzelnorm". Retrieved 2017-07-15.
- ^ "The German Standing Committee of Vaccination". Robert Koch Institut.
- ^ Ricciardi GW, Toumi M, Weil-Olivier C, Ruitenberg EJ, Dankó D, Duru G, Picazo J, Zöllner Y, Poland G, Drummond M (January 2015). "Comparison of NITAG policies and working processes in selected developed countries". Vaccine. 33 (1): 3–11. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.09.023. PMID 25258100.
- ^ "Mitglieder der STIKO" (in German). 2 June 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2021.