Summary
Stonington Island is a rocky island lying 1.8 km (1.1 mi) northeast of Neny Island in the eastern part of Marguerite Bay off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It is 0.75 km (0.47 mi) long from north-west to south-east and 0.37 km (0.23 mi) wide, yielding an area of 20 ha (49 acres). It was formerly connected by a drifted snow slope to Northeast Glacier on the mainland. Highest elevation is Anemometer Hill which rises to 25 m (82 ft).
History edit
Stonington Island was chosen as the site for the East Base of the United States Antarctic Service (USAS) Expedition (1939–41). It was named after Stonington, Connecticut, home port of the sloop Hero in which Captain Nathaniel Palmer sighted the Antarctic continent in 1820.[1]
Base E edit
Base E | |
|---|---|
 Trepassey House | |
| Coordinates: 68°11′09″S 66°59′41″W / 68.1857°S 66.9948°W | |
| Established | 1946 |
| Closed | 1992 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Administration |
| • Body | BAS, United Kingdom |
| Active times | All year-round |
The island was also home to the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Station E[2] and the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, and was the base of operations for many historic Antarctic Peninsula surveying missions in the 1940s. Station E was occupied until 23 February 1975 and the main building was known as Trepassey House. It was cleaned and repaired in 1992.[3] In 1995, the huts a became protected historic site with the name Base E and number HSM-64.[4][5]
Historic sites edit
A protected area on the island consists of the buildings and artifacts at East Base (with their immediate environs) that were erected and used during the two US wintering expeditions. The size of the area is about 1,100 yards (1,000 m)north-south, from the beach to Northeast Glacier adjacent to Back Bay, and 550 yards (500 m) east-west. It has been designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 55) following a proposal by the US to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM). The British Station E research station is also considered to be of historical importance in relating to both the early period of exploration and the later BAS history of the 1960s and 1970s, and it has been similarly designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 64) following a proposal by the United Kingdom to the ATCM.[6]
Significant Events edit
Stonington Island was the site of the first women to overwinter in Antarctica. Americans Edith ‘Jackie’ Ronne – whose husband Finn Ronne was the base leader at East Base – and Jennie Darlington spent the 1947-48 winter at Stonington on the way to becoming the first women to spend a year on the continent. The Ronne Ice Shelf would later be named in honour of Edith.[7]
Environment edit
Climate edit
| Climate data for Stonington Islands | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 6 (43) |
7 (45) |
8 (46) |
7 (45) |
4 (39) |
7 (45) |
4 (39) |
4 (39) |
5 (41) |
6 (43) |
8 (46) |
7 (45) |
8 (46) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3 (37) |
1 (34) |
−2 (28) |
−4 (25) |
−6 (21) |
−8 (18) |
−8 (18) |
−9 (16) |
−8 (18) |
−4 (25) |
−3 (27) |
2 (36) |
−4 (25) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3 (27) |
−4 (25) |
−8 (18) |
−10 (14) |
−14 (7) |
−17 (1) |
−18 (0) |
−19 (−2) |
−16 (3) |
−13 (9) |
−9 (16) |
−3 (27) |
−11 (12) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −12 (10) |
−11 (12) |
−35 (−31) |
−27 (−17) |
−36 (−33) |
−37 (−35) |
−36 (−33) |
−37 (−35) |
−39 (−38) |
−29 (−20) |
−20 (−4) |
−13 (9) |
−39 (−38) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 10 (0.4) |
15 (0.6) |
25 (1.0) |
25 (1.0) |
43 (1.7) |
28 (1.1) |
33 (1.3) |
25 (1.0) |
41 (1.6) |
43 (1.7) |
23 (0.9) |
5 (0.2) |
316 (12.5) |
| Average precipitation days | 3 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 71 |
| Source: [1] | |||||||||||||
Important Bird Area edit
A circular, 500 ha site on the island has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports a breeding colony of about 135 pairs of imperial shags. Other birds breeding at the site include south polar skuas and Antarctic terns.[8]
Features edit
- Anemometer Hill, northeast of Fishtrap Cove on Stonington Island
- Gull Channel, between Dynamite Island and Stonington Island
- Haulaway Point, midway along the northeast side of Stonington Island
- Mast Hill, about 100 meters from the western end of Stonington Island
- Tragic Corner, a bluff marking the northeast end of Boulding Ridge
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Parfit, Michael; Robb Kendrick (March 1993). "Reclaiming a Lost Antarctic Base". National Geographic. 183 (3): 110–126.
- ^ Station E British Antarctic Survey
- ^ "Stonington Island - Antarctic Historic Site and Monument". British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environmental Research Council. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ "HSM 64: Base E, Stonington Island". Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
- ^ Stonehouse, Bernard (2002). Encyclopedia of Antarctica and the Southern Oceans. John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 0-471-98665-8.
- ^ "List of Historic Sites and Monuments approved by the ATCM (2012)" (PDF). Antarctic Treaty Secretariat. 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
- ^ "UKAHT - Stonington". www.ukaht.org. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
- ^ "Stonington Island". BirdLife data zone: Important Bird Areas. BirdLife International. 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
External links edit
- Newsreel footage of Stonington Base, 1964
68°11′S 67°00′W / 68.183°S 67.000°W