Swami Prasad Maurya was born on 2 January 1954 in a Hindu family of Chakwadh, Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh to Badlu Maurya and Jagannathi Maurya. He is married to Shiva Maurya, with whom he has a son and a daughter. ^{[citation needed]} His daughter, Sanghmitra Maurya is a Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha from Budaun.^[4] He attended the Allahabad University and attained Bachelor of Laws and Master of Arts degrees.^[1][2]

Maurya has been a MLA for five terms. He represented the Padrauna constituency and was a member of the Bhartiya Janata Party political party. He was previously a member of Bahujan Samaj Party and was elected to the assembly as a member of BSP. On 22 June 2016, Maurya resigned from all party posts alleging a "money for ticket" syndicate being run by the party, this claim was later denied by the BSP supremo Mayawati in a press conference on the same day, where she thanked Maurya for doing courtesy on the party for leaving on his own, otherwise he was about to be expelled for promoting dynastic politics within BSP.^[11]

In July 2016, Maurya announced the formation of his organisational unit called Loktantrik Bahujan Manch which launched at Lucknow's Ramabai Ambedkar Rally Ground.^[12]

In March 2017, he was appointed as Cabinet Minister in Uttar Pradesh Government. He got ministries of Labour and Employment exchanges, Urban Employment and Poverty alleviation in Yogi Adityanath ministry.^[13]

On 21 August 2019, after the first cabinet expansion of Yogi Adityanath his ministry department changed to Minister of Labour, Employment, Co-ordination.^[14]

On 11 January 2022, Swami gave a huge setback to Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP), by resigning from the post of cabinet minister of the Yogi Adityanath ministry and as well as from BJP just a month before the assembly elections. He said that BJP has done injustice to almost all sections of society, such as, why he resigned. BJP claims that he resigned since he was told that his son will not get a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) ticket from BJP for the upcoming 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election.^[15][16]

Maurya joined Samajwadi Party in January 2022, but was denied ticket from his stronghold Padrauna, instead was asked to fight from Fazilnagar, which he subsequently lost in the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election against BJP's Surendra Kumar Kushwaha.^[17][18] Before 2022 Assembly elections, The Wire undertook a ground reporting in the several villages of Fazilnagar Assembly constituency for knowing the public opinion and tracking voting behaviour by various communities. It was reported that the deputy CM of Uttar Pradesh, Keshav Prasad Maurya had conducted a massive rally in the constituency to mobilize the voters to vote for Bhartiya Janata Party's candidate. The survey, however, presented a mixed opinion of various communities in the constituency. In the village dominated by Muslims, voters expressed faith in the Samajwadi Party, but many of them were observed to be supporters of Ilyas Ansari— the former district president of Samajwadi Party, who was denied a ticket from Fazilnagar to accommodate Swami Prasad Maurya in this consistency. Ansari was contesting as a candidate of Bahujan Samaj Party now. Some of the voters surveyed in a Kushwaha caste-dominated village opined that BJP candidate Surendra Singh Kushwaha— the son of former MLA Ganga Singh Kushwaha was not preferred by the voters from his community, but many others expressed faith in BJP. It was reported that, in this constituency, after the Mandal movement of the 1990s, landed OBC castes like Yadavs and Kushwaha had become dominant and BJP had been mobilizing non-Yadav OBCs along with upper castes to create a robust vote base. Besides this, the Muslim votes polled in favour of Bahujan Samaj Party candidate Ilyas Ansari was also making the BJP candidate's position strong as compared to Maurya.^[19] After the counting of votes, before the polls, Surendra Kumar Kushwaha secured 1,16,029 votes, while Maurya attained the second position, logging in 71,015 votes. Meanwhile, BSP candidate Ansari grabbed 28,237 votes.^[20]

After joining the Samajwadi Party before the 2022 elections to the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, Maurya was made General Secretary of the party. In January 2023, Maurya commented on the use of objectionable language in Hindu text, Ramcharitmanas about the women, Dalits and Tribals and subsequently demanded that religious authorities should consider eradication of the alleged undignified text from the same. In July 2023, amidst controversy over the existence of a temple below Gyanvapi mosque, Maurya alleged BJP of bringing controversial issues on the political front to polarise various religions for political gains. He further said that Archaeological Survey of India should also investigate to find whether a Buddhist monastery existed below a temple or not. According to Maurya, most of the Hindu temples in India were built after demolishing the Buddhist monasteries.^[21] Maurya also said that till the 8th century, the popular Hindu pilgrimage site Badrinath was a Buddhist mutt. This statement was criticised by the former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Mayawati, who accused Maurya of creating a wedge between the communities.^[22]

In August 2023, Swami Prasad Maurya made a statement, that there are three seats of power in the country and they all work in tandem to exploit the country. He identified these three seats of power as Raj Gaddi (the office of Chief Minister and Prime Minister), the Seth Gaddi (identified with big business houses of India), and Mutt Gaddi (the seat of Shankaracharya and other seers). Maurya said that if any one of these comes in danger, the other two seats rescue it.^[23] In an interview with Press Trust of India, he alleged that BJP identifies Hinduism with Brahminism, which is a religion followed by ten percent people of India. He also said that the latter had neglected the Tribals, Scheduled Castes and Other Backward Class time and again. While talking to PTI, he affirmed his faith in a coalition of opposition parties called INDIA, that it would be able to defeat BJP led National Democratic Alliance in the 2024 Lok Sabha elections.^[24]

Swami Prasad Maurya became member of  Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council in January 2022 resigned as MLC and from the primary membership of Samajwadi Party on 20 February 2024.^[25] at New Delhi on 22 February 2024, he elected as president of the Rashtriya Shoshit Samaj Party.

His daughter, Sanghmitra Maurya, was elected to Lok Sabha in 2019 General Elections, while his son Utkrisht Maurya is also a politician who unsuccessfully contested Assembly elections twice from Unchahar Raebareli.^{[26] [27][28]}

Swami Prasad Maurya had alleged about some verses of the Hindu religious text Ramcharitmanas that the Shudra caste has been degraded in it. He said that such verses should be banned and he would burn the book, on which Ramcharitmanas was burnt by his supporters, in response to this, he was lashed by all the Hindu organisations, as well as VHP. VHP burnt his effigy and also demanded to arrest him for the sacrilege of Ramcharitmanas. Later, he was promoted to the post of General Secretary of Samajwadi Party by Akhilesh Yadav. When the dissent erupted the Party distanced itself from Maurya saying that were personal remarks and had nothing to relate with the party. ^{[29][30][31][32][33]} VHP also demanded the Election Commission of India to de-list Samajwadi Party and lodged an FIR against him. ^[34]

In February 2023, after the Ramcharitmanas controversy, the supporters of Maurya heckled Mahant Rajudas, a priest who had announced a bounty of 21 lakh on Maurya's head earlier. In the allegations and counter-allegations, which led to an exchange of blows between the priests and Maurya's supporters, Rajudas stated that the supporters of Maurya called him a "Saffron Terrorist". While Maurya accused Mahant Rajudas of plotting to kill him. He also charged allegations upon them of keeping deadly weapons and attacking him, to which, his supporters gave befitting reply.^[35]

Maurya was also criticised by some of the leaders of the Samajwadi Party itself, because of his stand on the Ramcharitmanas. However, the party in a press note released later, announced the expulsion of those leaders from the SP, who criticized Maurya. These leaders included two women veterans of the party, Richa Singh and Roli Tiwari Mishra.^[36]

• Dinanath Bhaskar

• Swami Prasad Maurya on Twitter