Summary
Swietenia humilis is a species of tree in the family Meliaceae. It is one of three species in the genus Swietenia, all three of which are regarded as "genuine mahogany." At 6 metres (20 ft), it is one-fifth the height of S. mahagoni and one-sixth the height of S. macrophylla. Its species name, humilis, means "small" or "dwarfish".
| Swietenia humilis | |
|---|---|
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| S. humilis in San Luis de la Loma, Guerrero | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Meliaceae |
| Genus: | Swietenia |
| Species: | S. humilis
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| Binomial name | |
| Swietenia humilis | |
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| Distribution in red | |
Common names include Pacific Coast mahogany, caoba del Pacifico, caoba del Honduras, caobilla, cobano, gateado, sopilocuahuilt, venadillo and zapaton. In the wood trades it is known as Honduras mahogany and Mexican mahogany
The tree has been over-exploited for its wood which is valuable for making furniture. The plant also is of interest as a possibly commercial source of seed oil and pharmacologically active compounds.
Distribution and habitat edit
It is found in the drier zones of the western Sierra Madre mountain range from Mexico through Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador. The distribution in Guatemala and Honduras bulges eastward from the Pacific Coast nearly to the Atlantic Ocean. In Honduras it also extends from the western Sierra Madre into the abutting northern Nicaraguan cordillera range. The northern half of the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica includes habitat. It is found at altitudes up to 1,200 metres (3,900 ft). Its habitat is both wet and dry deciduous forest, savanna, rough scrub, rocky hillsides and cultivated fields. The species having been over-exploited, surviving trees usually are scattered and isolated individuals. Large specimens are rare.
International legal protection edit
The multilateral treaty CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) lists S. humilis in Appendix II (all parts and derivatives except seeds).[2] It is also categorized in the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List of Threatened Species as endangered.[1]
Biologically active compounds edit
Poison edit
The bark and seeds possess an alkaloid reputed to be very poisonous. Extracts significantly inhibited the growth and feeding of third instar larvae of Tenebrio molitor (mealworms). They also have shown effectiveness against larvae of Ostrinia nubilalis, the European Corn borer, and Spodoptera frugiperda, the Fall Armyworm.[3]
Medicine edit
The seeds of S. humilis are used in traditional medicine to treat chest pains, coughs, cancer and amoebiasis, and for their anthelmintic properties. Pharmacological studies of the seeds and bark have been ongoing since the 1990s.\
Seed oil edit
Although the seed is poisonous, the tree shows promise as a source of seed oil with characteristics resembling those of avocado and sunflower oils. The seed germ yields about 45% of edible oil by mass. Of this yield, the fatty acid proportions are about 18% saturated (mainly palmitic and stearic), 30% monounsaturated (mainly oleic), and 48% polyunsaturated (mainly linoleic and linolenic). It also might be of commercial interest as a component of cosmetics and pesticides.[3]
References edit
- ^ a b Barstow, M. (2019). "Swietenia humilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T32954A68104636. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T32954A68104636.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
- ^ a b "Appendices I, II and III". CITES. Convention on International Trade on Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. 25 November 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
- ^ a b Perez-Rubio, V. Heredia, JB. Chaidez-Quiroz, C. Valdez-Torres, JB. Allende-Molar, R. Angulo-Escalante, MA. Physicochemical characterization and fatty acid content of ‘venadillo’ (Swietenia humilis Zucc.) seed oil. African Journal of Biotechnology. Vol 11, No 22 (2012). ISSN 1684-5315