TAGSAM Knowpia

TAGSAM or Touch-and-Go Sample Acquisition Mechanism is a robotic arm on the OSIRIS-REx space probe designed and used for collecting a sample from asteroid 101955 Bennu.^[1] OSIRIS-REx was launched in 2016. It arrived at asteroid Bennu in August 2018, and began scientific studies. It collected a sample of the material making up the surface of Bennu in 2020 and returned it to Earth in 2023.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Overview edit

TAGSAM is a robotic arm attached to the main body of the spacecraft that collects a sample from the asteroid, and puts the samples into the Earth return vehicle.^[5] Bennu is about 500 meters in diameter and has very low gravity, so the arm must perform the collection in near zero gravity, yet still contend with some gravitational forces from the asteroid.^[6] One issue with small asteroids is their unique gravitational environment, and Bennu became the smallest body orbited by a spacecraft.^[2]

TAGSAM was designed to take up to three samples from the asteroid, although in the event the first sample was so large no other samples were attempted.^[2]^[7] The collection head was filled using a nitrogen gas injection that stired up the regolith.^[5] The arm is about 11 feet (3.4 meters) long, with three joints for articulation.^[5] SamCam acquires images of the collection head.^[5] Two major parts of TAGSAM are the robotic arm and the sample collection head.^[8]

The arm was used in conjunction with several instruments on the spacecraft including three cameras, three spectrometers, and a laser altimeter.^[9]

Two identical TAGSAM units were made, one for use on the spacecraft called the flight unit, and another for testing on Earth called the qualification unit.^[8]

Animation of TAGSAM arm moving

Timeline edit

Timelapse of the 5-minute period on 20 October 2020 of the sample capture by TAGSAM, beginning at 25 meters above the surface, making contact at 10 cm/sec, and then firing thrusters to back away which kicks up loose debris.

17 October 2018 — TAGSAM head cover jettisoned^[5]
25 October 2018 — Frangibolts fired, releasing the TAGSAM arm^[5]
14 November 2018 — TAGSAM arm fully extended for the first time^[5]^[10]
15 April 2020 — rehearsal manouvre performed by OSIRIS-REx^[11]^[12]
20 October 2020 — successful TAGSAM deployment and sample collection^[3]
24 September 2023 — safe touchdown on Earth of the OSIRIS-REx sample return capsule^[4]

References edit

^ ^a ^b "OSIRIS-REx Finds Water On Asteroid Bennu - Astrobiology". astrobiology.com. 10 December 2018. Retrieved 2018-12-15.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Who needs the Guardians of the Galaxy when we have OSIRIS-REx?". SpaceFlight Insider. 2018-12-10. Retrieved 2018-12-15.
^ ^a ^b "NASA's OSIRIS-REx Spacecraft Successfully Touches Asteroid". OSIRIS-REx Mission. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
^ ^a ^b Clark, Stephen (2023-09-27). "Scientists just opened the lid to NASA's asteroid sample canister". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2023-09-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Hille, Karl (2018-11-16). "OSIRIS-REx is Prepared to TAG an Asteroid". NASA. Retrieved 2018-12-15.
^ Team, the OSIRIS-REx; Lauretta, D. S.; Beshore, E.; Dworkin, J. P.; May, A. J.; Wood, J. L.; Linn, T. M.; Kuhns, R. M.; Hund, R. A. (2018-10-01). "The OSIRIS-REx Spacecraft and the Touch-and-Go Sample Acquisition Mechanism (TAGSAM)". Space Science Reviews. 214 (7): 107. Bibcode:2018SSRv..214..107B. doi:10.1007/s11214-018-0521-6. ISSN 1572-9672.
^ "NASA's OSIRIS-REx Spacecraft Goes for Early Stow of Asteroid Sample". www.asteroidmission.org. University of Arizona. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Development of the OSIRIS-REx Sampling System: TAGSAM and the SRC". dslauretta. 2015-04-20. Archived from the original on 2023-02-07. Retrieved 2018-12-15.
^ Gough, Evan (2018-12-11). "OSIRIS-REx Has Already Found Water on Bennu". Universe Today. Retrieved 2018-12-15.
^ "NASA's daring asteroid mission unfurls its sampling arm for the first time". 16 November 2018.
^ Morton, Erin (April 16, 2020). "One step closer to touching asteroid Bennu". Phys.org. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
^ "OSIRIS-REx Buzzes Sample Site Nightingale". AsteroidMission.org. NASA. 14 April 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.