Summary
Tell Hadar[2] (Arabic: Sheikh Chader[1] or Sheikh Khadr,[3] Hebrew: תל הדר, romanized: Tel Hadar, lit. 'splendid hill'),[3] is an archaeological site on the northeastern shore of the Sea of Galilee. It contains a settlement and a port. A wall, 70 metres (230 ft) across, is either of the of the Late Bronze Age I or Iron Age I. In between periods of no human presence (14th, 10th century BC), it had grown,[clarification needed] under the control of an Aramean kingdom, possibly Geshur; a planned city, granaries, and possibly other storage facilities, were constructed.[4][5] In the 9th century BC the wall was discarded. An excavation revealed two buildings sharing one wall.[6]
Sheikh Chader[1] | |
 ֿ | |
  Shown within the Golan Heights  Tell Hadar (Syria) | |
| Alternative name | Sheikh Khadr, Tel Hadar |
|---|---|
| Region | NE shore of the Sea of Galilee, foot of Golan Heights |
| Coordinates | 32°51′03″N 35°38′59″E / 32.8508°N 35.6496°E |
| Type | Settlement |
| Site notes | |
| Archaeologists | Moshe Kochavi and Pirhiya Beck (1987–1998 digs) |
| Public access | yes |
New Testament connection edit
Christians connect the site at Tell Hadar with Jesus' second miracle of the multiplication of loaves and fishes narrated in the Gospels of Matthew and Mark, known as the Feeding of the 4,000. A monument built of a raw local basalt boulder decorated with Christian inscriptions and images was erected near the archaeological site. [7][8]
Archaeology edit
Tell Hadar was excavated in 1987-1998 by Moshe Kochavi and Pirhiya Beck as part of the wider "Land of Geshur Regional Project."[3] It is a relatively small and well-stratified mound of great importance for the research of cultural interactions between Syria and the southern Levant in the Bronze and Iron Ages.[3] It also helped understanding the chronology of the Eastern Mediterranean in the early first millennium BCE.[3]
The strata range from the end of the Middle Bronze Age to the early Iron Age IIB and their excavation yielded rich finds including architectural remains.[3]
Shards of early Arabic pottery has been found at the site.[1]
Iron Age I edit
Of crucial importance is a massive early-10th-century BCE (Iron Age I) destruction layer with excellently preserved remains, which included a rare Euboean Protogeometric vessel.[3] The conclusively radiocarbon-dated absolute date of the event, along with the imported vessel, made of Tel Hadar's Stratum IV one of the chronological anchors of the Early Iron Age in the southern Levant and beyond it.[3]
Iron Age II edit
Tell Hadar is considered to be a town of the Kingdom of Geshur, known from the Second Book of Samuel (2 Sam 3:3; 2 Sam 13:37–38; 2 Sam 14:32; 2 Sam 15:8).[3] The Iron Age II strata contain remains of two well-planned domestic quarters, offering insights into the daily life of a small urban settlement belonging to the southernmost margins of the Syro-Anatolian culture.[3]
References edit
- ^ a b c Pixner, B.; Riesner, R.; Myrick, K.; Randall, S.; Randall, M. (2010). Paths of the Messiah and Sites of the Early Church from Galilee to Jerusalem: Jesus and Jewish Christianity in Light of Archaeological Discoveries. Ignatius Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-89870-865-3. Retrieved 2024-03-03.
- ^ Bryce, T. (2009). The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire. Taylor & Francis. p. 271. ISBN 978-1-134-15908-6. Retrieved 2024-03-03.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Tel Hadar: A Bronze and Iron Age Community in the Central Levant: The Moshe Kochavi and Pirhiya Beck Excavations (1987–1998)". The Shelby White and Leon Levy Program for Archaeological Publications, Harvard University. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
- ^ Kochavi, Moshe. עונת החפירות האחרונה בתל עין-גב – סיום פרויקט ארץ גשור [The last excavation season at Tel 'En Gev - the end of the Land of Geshur Project] (in Hebrew). Israel Antiquities Authority. Retrieved 2014-07-29.
- ^ Ma'oz, Zvi Uri (1997). "Golan". The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East. p. 420. ISBN 0195112156.
- ^ Stager, Lawrence E.; King, Philip J. (2001). Life in Biblical Israel. London: Westminster John Knox Press. p. 91. ISBN 0664221483.[dead link]
- ^ Alfonso Sánchez de Lamadrid Rey (August 12, 2021). "Gospel miracles: the second multiplication of the loaves and fishes". In Omnes magazine, Madrid. Accessed 29 Feb 2024.
- ^ Amanda Borschel-Dan (4 September 2019). "Mosaic near Sea of Galilee may mark new site for Jesus loaves and fishes miracle". In Times of Israel. Accessed 29 Feb 2024.
External links edit
- Tel Hadar in biblewalks.com
- Creighton University page (some link rot as of Feb 2024)
- Site plan & link to 3 360° photos (archived; partial rot)
- 360° photos, Virtual World Project (working)
- Overview and strata (working)
- Bibliography (working)