The Philistines (Russian: Мещане, romanized: Meshchane) is the debut play by Maxim Gorky written in 1901. It was first published by Znaniye in 1902, subtitled: "The Scenes in the House of Bessemenov. The Drama sketch in 4 Acts".^[1]

The Philistines
Gorky at the Moscow Art Theatre with the cast, 1902
Written by	Maxim Gorky
Date premiered	26 March 1902 (1902-03-26)
Place premiered	Moscow Art Theatre
Original language	Russian
Genre	Realistic drama
Setting	Bessemenov's house in Moscow, early 1900s

The play premiered on 26 March 1902 at the Moscow Art Theatre, directed by Konstantin Stanislavski and Vasily Luzhsky, the latter taking the leading part of Bessemenov. The production enjoyed astounding success, even though every phrase considered 'too risky' had been cut out by the censors.^[1]

In the course of its first year 60 thousand copies of The Philistines were sold. In 1903 it was awarded the Griboyedov Prize.^[1]