Summary
Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Sydney Beckwith KCB (17 February 1770 – 15 January 1831) was an English officer of the British Army who served as quartermaster general of the British forces in Canada during the War of 1812, and a commander-in-chief of the Bombay Army during the British Raj.[3] He is most notable for his distinguished service during the Peninsular War and for his contributions to the development and command of the 95th Rifles.[4]
Sir Thomas Beckwith | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | Thomas Sydney Beckwith |
| Born | 17 February 1770[1] Ford, Northumberland, England |
| Died | 15 January 1831 (aged 61) Mahabaleshwar, Bombay, British India[2] |
| Allegiance |  United Kingdom |
| Service/ |  British Army |
| Rank | Lieutenant-General |
| Commands held | Bombay Army |
| Battles/wars | War of 1812 |
| Awards | Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath |
| Spouse(s) |
Lady Mary Douglas (m. 1817) |
Family edit
His father was Major General John Beckwith, who commanded the 20th Regiment of Foot. His brothers were Captain John Beckwith, Sir George Beckwith and Brigadier General Ferdinand Beckwith. He was also the uncle of Major-General John Charles Beckwith. He entered the Army himself in 1791, joining the 71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot, and served with them in India.[3]
In 1817, he married Lady Mary Douglas, eldest daughter of Sir William Douglas, 4th Baronet of Kelhead. His wife, whose brothers Charles and John succeeded as Marquess of Queensberry, was elevated to the rank of a daughter of a marquess by royal warrant.[5] Their only son, Thomas Sydney Beckwith, was a captain in the Rifle Brigade, and died in Gibraltar on 21 March 1828.[3]
Service with the 95th Rifles edit
In 1800, he was appointed to command a company in Colonel Coote Manningham's "Experimental Corps of Riflemen", which later was designated the 95th Regiment and subsequently the Rifle Brigade. He was promoted to major within the corps in 1802. The next year, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and took command of the 1st Battalion. Beckwith was one of the favourite officers of Sir John Moore in the famous camp of Shorncliffe, and aided that general in the training of the troops which afterwards became the Light Division.[3]
He served on the expeditions to Hanover in 1806 and Copenhagen in 1807, before joining the expedition to the Peninsula under Major General Arthur Wellesley. He took part in the Battle of Vimeiro, and the expedition into Spain under Sir John Moore, in which the Rifles bore the brunt of the rearguard fighting.[3]
The next year, he returned to Portugal and was appointed to command the 1st Brigade of the Light Division. Beckwith took part in Craufurd's great march to the field of Talavera. In 1810, during the French invasion of Portugal, he was present at the Battle of the Coa and the Battle of Busaco. During the subsequent operations to drive the French from Portugal, he fought at the Battle of Fuentes de Onoro, and distinguished himself at the Battle of Sabugal.[3]
Quartermaster General edit
In 1812, he was appointed Assistant Quartermaster General to the British forces in North America. As such, he went to Bermuda to command a force that he divided into two brigades, one composed of the 102nd Regiment of Foot (which had 'til then been stationed at St. George's Garrison as part of the Bermuda Garrison), Royal Marines, and a company of Independent Foreigners recruited from French prisoners-of-war, was under the command of the commanding officer of the 102nd Regiment, Lieutenant-Colonel Charles James Napier (who was also his second-in-command), and the other under Lieutenant-Colonel Williams of the Royal Marines.[6]
Beckwith went in command of this force to Chesapeake Bay in 1813.[7] At the Battle of Craney Island, Beckwith's troops, 700 Royal Marines and soldiers of the 102nd Regiment of Foot along with a company of Independent Foreigners, came ashore at Hoffler's Creek near the mouth of the Nansemond River to the west of Craney Island on the morning of June 22, 1813, and were repulsed by shore batteries while attempting to land.[8] He subsequently captured Hampton, Virginia but the men of the Independent Companies misbehaved, giving Beckwith's troops an evil reputation for atrocities.[7]
In 1814, he was promoted to major general and appointed quartermaster general to the troops in Canada under Sir George Prevost. Prevost's expedition into New York was defeated at the Battle of Plattsburgh. The Peninsular veterans in the force considered that Prevost and his staff (including Beckwith) were at least partly responsible for the defeat (in Beckwith's case, for failure to provide sufficient intelligence on the geography and enemy dispositions).[9]
Beckwith was made a Knight Bachelor in 1812 and a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1815. In 1827, he was made colonel commandant of his old corps, the Rifle Brigade.[3]
Later service in India edit
In 1829, he was appointed commander in chief of the Bombay Army. In 1830, he was promoted lieutenant general, but died of fever the following year at Mahableshwar.[3]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ England, Select Births and Christenings, 1538-1975
- ^ India, Select Deaths and Burials, 1719-1948
- ^ a b c d e f g h Stephens, H. M. (2004). Beckwith, Sir Thomas Sydney (1772–1831), rev. Roger T. Stearn, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press.
- ^ Urban, M. (2003). Rifles: Six years with Wellington's legendary sharpshooters. Faber and Faber.
- ^ Lodge, Edmund (1849). The Peerage of the British Empire as at present existing: To which is added the Baronetage. Saunders and Otley. p. 443. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
Sir Thomas Sydney Beckwith.
- ^ Napier, K.C.B., Lieutenant-General Sir William Francis Patrick (1857). The Life and Opinions of General Sir Charles James Napier, G.C.B. Volume I (of IV). London, England: John Murray, Albemarle Street.
- ^ a b Elting, John R. (22 August 1995). Amateurs to Arms: a Military History of the War of 1812. Da Capo Press. p. 80. ISBN 0-306-80653-3.
- ^ Forester, C. S. The Age of Fighting Sail, New English Library, ISBN 0-939218-06-2.
- ^ Hitsman, J. Mackay (1999). The Incredible War of 1812. Robin Brass Studio. p. 255. ISBN 1-896941-13-3.
Bibliography edit
- "Thomas Sydney Beckwith". Dictionary of Canadian Biography (online ed.). University of Toronto Press. 1979–2016.
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 610–611.
- Stephens, Henry Morse (1885). . In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 4. London: Smith, Elder & Co.