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Timeline of Budapest

Summary

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Budapest, Hungary.

Before 16th century edit

  • 1st C. CE - Romans found the settlements known as Aquincum, Contra-Aquincum and Campona. Aquincum becomes the largest town of the Danubian region and one of the capitals of Pannonia.[1]
  • 376 CE - Aquincum invaded by the Huns.[2]
  • 5th C. - The Age of Huns.[1] King Attila builds a city for himself here according to later chronicles. After his death, the sons of his brother controlled the united Hun tribes.
  • 896 - Following the foundation of Hungary, Árpád, leader of the Hungarians, settles in the "Town of Attila", usually identified as Aquincum.
  • 10th C. - Out of the seven to ten Hungarian tribes, four have settlements in the territory of modern Budapest: Megyer, Keszi, Jenő and Nyék.[citation needed]
  • end of 10th C. - Magyars came into the country and preserved the names of Buda and Pest.[2]
  • 1015 - Matthias Church established (approximate date).[2]
  • 1046 - Bishop Gerard of Csanád dies at the hands of pagans on present-day Gellért Hill.
  • 1241 - Mongol invasion destroys both towns.[1][2]
  • 1244 - Created a royal free city by Bela IV.[2]
  • 1248 - King Béla IV builds the first royal castle on Castle Hill, Buda.[1] The new town adopts the name of Buda from the earlier one (present day Óbuda). Pest is surrounded by city walls.[2]
  • 1255 - Matthias Church reconstruction begins.[2]
  • 1265 - Buda Castle first completed.[2]
  • 1270 - Saint Margaret of Hungary dies in a cloister on the Isle of Rabbits (present day Margaret Island).
  • 1320 - Royal wedding of King Charles I of Hungary and Princess Elizabeth of Poland, Hungarian–Polish alliance formed.[3]
  • 1361 - Buda became the capital of Hungary.[2]
  • 1458 - The noblemen of Hungary elect Matthias Corvinus (in Latin) or Hunyadi Mátyás (in Hungarian) as king on the ice of the Danube. Under his reign Buda becomes a main hub of European Renaissance. He dies in 1490, after capturing Vienna in 1485.
  • 1472 - Printing press established in Buda.[4]

16th to 18th centuries edit

 
Buda and Pest in the early 17th century

19th century edit

  • 1810 - A fire in the Tabán district.
  • 1811 - City Park laid out in Pest.
  • 1823 - Fasori Gimnázium (school) founded.
  • 1825 - Commencement of the Reform Era. Pest becomes the cultural and economic centre of the country. The first National Theatre is built, along with the Hungarian National Museum.
  • 1830 - Steamboat to Vienna begins operating.[9]
  • 1833 - Vigadó Concert Hall opens in Pest.
  • 1836 - Pest-Buda Musical Association [hu] founded.
  • 1838 - 1838 Pest flood [hu].[10] The biggest flood in recent memory in March completely inundates Pest.
  • 1839 - Industrial flour mill begins operating.[11]
  • 1844 - Ganz Works iron foundry in business in Buda.
  • 1846 - Vác-Budapest railway begins operating.[11][12]
  • 1848 - 15 March - Start of the Revolution and War of Independence of 1848-49. Pest replaces Pozsony/Pressburg (Bratislava) as the new capital of Hungary and seat of the Batthyány government and the Parliament.
  • 1849
    • 5 January: Austrians occupy the city.[9]
    • April: Hungarian Honvédsereg (Army of National Defense) reclaims city,[13] taking the fortress of Buda on May 21 after an 18-day Battle of Buda (1849).
    • July: Habsburg army again captures the two towns.[9]
    • 6 October - Lajos Batthyány, the first Hungarian Prime Minister is executed on the present-day Szabadság tér.[9]
    • Széchenyi Lánchíd, or Széchenyi Chain Bridge, the first permanent bridge across the Danube in Budapest was opened linking Buda (West bank) and Pest (East bank).[8]
 
Buda and Pest in the mid-19th century

1873–1900 edit

 
Budapest in the 1870s
 
Hungarian State Opera House in the 1890s
 
Budapest in the 1890s

20th century edit

1901–1945 edit

 
Aerial view of Budapest in 1910

1946–1990s edit

 
Hungarian Revolution of 1956 in Budapest

21st century edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i David 2009.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Britannica 1910.
  3. ^ "6 lipca 1320 roku król Węgier Karol Robert poślubił królewnę polską Elżbietę Łokietkównę". Historykon (in Polish). Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  4. ^ Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Austria-Hungary: Buda-Pest". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company. hdl:2027/uc1.c3450632 – via HathiTrust.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Haydn 1910.
  6. ^ Overall 1870.
  7. ^ Ferenc Szakály, "The Early Ottoman Period, Including Royal Hungary, 1526-1606", in A History of Hungary, edited by Peter F. Sugar, Péter Hanák, Tibor Frank (Indiana University Press, 1994), p. 97: "In both 1602 and 1603, imperial troops under general Hermann Russwurm tried unsuccessfully to attack Buda."
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Chambers 1901.
  9. ^ a b c d Charles E. Little (1900), "Austria-Hungary", Cyclopedia of Classified Dates, New York: Funk & Wagnalls
  10. ^ a b Eggenberger 1870.
  11. ^ a b c d David Turnock (2006). Eastern European Economy, 1800-2000: Stages of Transformation in a Peripheral Region. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-67876-1.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Nemes 2009.
  13. ^ a b Eric Roman (2003). "Chronologies". Austria-Hungary & the Successor States: A Reference Guide. Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-7469-3.
  14. ^ Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
  15. ^ Büchler 1907.
  16. ^ Heksch 1895.
  17. ^ a b c d e Albert Tezla (1970). Hungarian Authors; a Bibliographical Handbook. Harvard University Press. p. 697. ISBN 978-0-674-42650-4.
  18. ^ a b Shaw 1897.
  19. ^ a b c d e Lukacs 2012.
  20. ^ a b c d Metro-Roland 2012.
  21. ^ a b c Agata Anna Lisiak (2010). Urban Cultures in (Post)colonial Central Europe. Purdue University Press. ISBN 978-1-55753-573-3. (about Berlin, Budapest, Prague, Warsaw)
  22. ^ Thirring Gusztáv [in Hungarian] (1908). Budapest székesfőváros statisztikai es kőzigazgatási évkönyve ... 1906 [Budapest statistical and administrative yearbook] (in Hungarian). Budapest.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  23. ^ a b A. de Chambure (1914). "La presse etrangere: Autriche-Hongrie". A travers la presse (in French). Paris: Fert, Albouy & cie.
  24. ^ "French forces occupy Corfu — History.com This Day in History — 1/11/1916". History.com. Archived from the original on 23 June 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
  25. ^ Legát, Tibor; Zsolt L. Nagy; Gábor Zsigmond (2010). "Bevezető [Introduction]". Számos villamos [Numbered tram] (in Hungarian). Budapest: Jószöveg. pp. 6–12. ISBN 978-615-5009-15-0.
  26. ^ "Treasures of Budapest - 125 Years of the Budapest History Museum (timeline)". Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  27. ^ Hourihane 2012.
  28. ^ "History". Uránia Nemzeti Filmszínház [hu]. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g "Central Europe, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  30. ^ a b c John Cunningham (2004). Hungarian Cinema: from Coffee House to Multiplex. Wallflower Press. ISBN 978-1-903364-79-6.
  31. ^ a b Fenyo 1987.
  32. ^ Eugene Brogyanyi (1995). "Hungary". In Martin Banham (ed.). Cambridge Guide to Theatre. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-43437-9.
  33. ^ Történelmi Magyarország atlasza és adattára 1914, Budapest, 2001
  34. ^ a b c "Movie Theaters in Budapest, Hungary". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  35. ^ "Budapest". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
  36. ^ a b Nagy 2002.
  37. ^ a b c d e f "Reference Sources: League of Nations Timeline". Geneva: League of Nations Archives. Retrieved 28 February 2015 – via Indiana University, Center for the Study of Global Change.
  38. ^ Deák 1968.
  39. ^ a b Britannica 1922.
  40. ^ "Bem József tábornok emlékműve Budapesten". Instytut Felczaka Intézet (in Hungarian). 12 September 2018. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  41. ^ a b c "Historia". Instytut Polski w Budapeszcie (in Polish). Archived from the original on 19 March 2019. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  42. ^ Bodnár 1998.
  43. ^ Domonkos, Csaba (9 January 2021). "Sixty-five years ago an earthquake shook Budapest". PestBuda. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
  44. ^ "Budapest (Hungary) -- Newspapers". Global Resources Network. Chicago, USA: Center for Research Libraries. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  45. ^ a b c Bodnár 2001.
  46. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  47. ^ Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 20th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
  48. ^ "Budapest". UNESCO. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  49. ^ a b c d "Hungary Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  50. ^ Donald Kenrick (2007). "Chronology of Gypsy History". Historical Dictionary of the Gypsies (Romanies). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6440-5.
  51. ^ Adrian Webb (2008). "Key Events since the Fall of Communism". Routledge Companion to Central and Eastern Europe Since 1919. Routledge. pp. 96–112. ISBN 978-1-134-06521-9.
  52. ^ "Road Reconstruction Portal". Official Webpage of the Local Government of Budapest. Archived from the original on 2010-10-09. Retrieved 2015-01-30.
  53. ^ "Article on Infrastructural Investments". Official Webpage of the Local Government of Budapest.[permanent dead link]
  54. ^ "News on the reconstruction of Margaret Bridge". Official Webpage of the Local Government of Budapest. 2008-06-10.[permanent dead link]
  55. ^ "Prezydenci Polski i Węgier odsłonili w Budapeszcie pomnik katyński". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  56. ^ Migrants protest as Hungary shutters Budapest train station, Reuters, 1 September 2015
  57. ^ "The ratio of low-floor buses grows higher in Budapest". Official site of Municipality of Budapest. 2016-03-01.
  58. ^ "Budapeszt: Odsłonięto pomnik polskiej solidarności i pomocy w 1956 roku". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). 21 October 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  59. ^ "Odsłonięcia w Budapeszcie pomnika Henryka Sławika i Jozsefa Antalla seniora". Instytut Pamięci Narodowej (in Polish). Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  60. ^ "Felavatták a Szmolenszk-emlékművet". PestBuda (in Hungarian). 6 April 2018. Retrieved 17 July 2022.

This article incorporates information from the Hungarian Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.

Bibliography edit

in English edit

  • William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Buda". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949 – via HathiTrust.
  • Albert Shaw (1897). "Budapest". Municipal government in continental Europe. New York: Century Co. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32rg8w.
  • "Pesth", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901, hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t0ft8v96d
  • Alexander Büchler (1907), "Budapest", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 3, New York{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Briliant, Oscar (1910). "Budapest" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). pp. 734–737.
  • Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Buda", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
  • New York Public Library (1913). "Budapest". List of Works Relating to City Charters, Ordinances, and Collected Documents.
  • "Budapest" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 30 (12th ed.). 1922.
  • István Deák (1968). "Budapest and the Hungarian Revolutions of 1918-1919". Slavonic and East European Review. 46 (106): 129–140. JSTOR 4205930.
  • Mario D. Fenyo (1987). "Literature and Political Change: Budapest, 1908-1918". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 77 (6): 1–156. doi:10.2307/1006574. JSTOR 1006574.
  • Judit Bodnár (1998). "Assembling the Square: Social Transformation in Public Space and the Broken Mirage of the Second Economy in Postsocialist Budapest". Slavic Review. 57 (3): 489–515. doi:10.2307/2500709. JSTOR 2500709. S2CID 163176312.
  • Judit Bodnaŕ (2001). Fin de Millénaire Budapest: Metamorphoses of Urban Life. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-1-4529-0477-1.
  • Zsuzsa L. Nagy (2002). Chris Wrigley (ed.). Budapest and the revolutions of 1918 and 1919. Routledge. p. 72+. ISBN 978-1-134-90143-2. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  • Geza David (2009). "Buda". In Gabor Agoston; Bruce Alan Masters (eds.). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Facts on File. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7.
  • Robert Nemes (2009). "Budapest". In Emily Gunzburger Makas; Tanja Damljanovic Conley (eds.). Capital Cities in the Aftermath of Empires: Planning in Central and Southeastern Europe. Routledge. p. 141+. ISBN 978-1-135-16725-7.
  • Colum Hourihane, ed. (2012). "Budapest". Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-539536-5.
  • John Lukacs (2012). Budapest 1900: A Historical Portrait of a City and Its Culture. Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-9421-3.
  • Michelle M. Metro-Roland (2012). Tourists, Signs and the City: The Semiotics of Culture in an Urban Landscape. Ashgate. ISBN 978-1-4094-9025-8. (about Budapest)
  • Sebestyen, Victor (2022). Budapest: Between East and West (Hardcover). London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 9781474609999.

in other languages edit

  • Neuer und vollständiger Führer durch Pest-Ofen [New and Complete Guide to Pest-Ofen] (in German) (2nd ed.). Pest: Eggenberger'sche Buchhandlung (Hoffmann & Molnár). 1870.
  • Alexander Franz Heksch [in Hungarian] (1895). Illustrirter Führer durch Budapest [Illustrated Guide to Budapest] (in German). Vienna: A. Hartleben.

External links edit

 
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