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Timeline of Khartoum

Summary

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Khartoum, Sudan.

Prehistoric times edit

  • circa 5000 BCE, first documented skull, human bones and tools found in 1945[1][2]

19th century edit

  • 1821 - Settlement established by Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt.
  • 1824 - "Egyptian governor Uthman Bey establishes Khartoum as a military centre."[3]
  • 1826 - Ali Khurshid Pasha in power.[3][4]
  • 1829 - Mosque built.[4]
  • 1830 - Town becomes capital of "the Sudanese possessions of Egypt."[5]
  • 1838 - Disease outbreak; capital relocated temporarily to Shendi.[6]
  • 1840 - Flood.[6]
  • 1841 - Flood.[6]
  • 1854 - Muhammad Sa'id Pasha in power.[4]
  • 1856 - Disease outbreak; capital relocated temporarily to Shendi.[6]
  • 1862 - Chamber of Commerce established.[4]
  • 1866 - Consulates of Austria, France, Italy, Persia, and Tuscany established.[4]
  • 1869 - Flood.[7]
  • 1874 - Flood.[7]
  • 1878 - Flood.[6]
  • 1884 - 13 March: Siege of Khartoum begins.
  • 1885
  • 1898
    • 2 September: Conflict between Mahdist and British forces.
    • Seat of government relocates to Khartoum from Omdurman.[5]
  • 1899

20th century edit

 
Aerial view of Khartoum, 1936

21st century edit

 
Aerial view of the cities of Omdurman (top left), Khartoum (lower half), and Bahri (top right), 2005

2000s edit

2010s edit

  • 2010 - Population: 4,516,000 (urban agglomeration).[21]
  • 2012
    • June: Economic protest.[26]
    • October: al-Yarmook armament factory bombed.[27]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Arkell, A. J. (1945). "The Excavation of an Ancient Site at Khartoum". Sudan Notes and Records. 26 (2): 329–331. ISSN 0375-2984. JSTOR 41716489.
  2. ^ Addison, F. (September 1950). "Early Khartoum. An account of the excavation of an early occupation site carried out by the Sudan Government Antiquities Service in 1944–5. By A. J. Arkell". Antiquity. 24 (95): 151–154. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00023176. ISSN 0003-598X – via https://www.cambridge.org. {{cite journal}}: External link in |via= (help)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Abdel Salam Sidahmed; Alsir Sidahmed (2004). "Chronology". Sudan. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-47947-4.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Robert S. Kramer; et al. (2013). "Khartoum". Historical Dictionary of the Sudan (4th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 247+. ISBN 978-0-8108-6180-0.
  5. ^ a b c d e Britannica 1910.
  6. ^ a b c d e Davies 1994.
  7. ^ a b c d e Walsh 1994.
  8. ^ Sudan Gazette. WorldCat. OCLC 503943049.
  9. ^ "Henry Wellcome's tropical medicine laboratories". London: Wellcome Trust. 2008. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  10. ^ a b c d e Eltayeb 2003.
  11. ^ Heather J. Sharkey (2003), Living with Colonialism: Nationalism and Culture in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, University of California Press, ISBN 9780520235588
  12. ^ "International Coalition on Newspapers". Chicago, US: Center for Research Libraries. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
  13. ^ Baedeker 1914.
  14. ^ a b c d Stanley 2008.
  15. ^ E. N. Corbyn (1944). "The Kitchener School of Medicine at Khartoum, Sudan". Journal of the Royal African Society. 43 (171): 66–68. JSTOR 717807.
  16. ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966.
  17. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  18. ^ ArchNet. "Khartoum". MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on 7 October 2012.
  19. ^ "Sudan: A Historical Perspective". Georgia, US: Sudan.Net. Archived from the original on 28 January 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
  20. ^ a b "Khartoum". Islamic Cultural Heritage Database. Istanbul: Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture. Archived from the original on 15 April 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
  21. ^ a b c d e f The State of African Cities 2014. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 10 September 2015. ISBN 978-92-1-132598-0. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014.
  22. ^ Barry M. Rubin (2010). Guide to Islamist Movements. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-4138-0.
  23. ^ United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division (1997). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 262–321. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  24. ^ Regional Integration in Africa. OECD and African Development Bank. 2002.
  25. ^ a b Karen Fung, African Studies Association (ed.). "Sudan Newspapers". Africa South of the Sahara: Selected Internet Resources. Retrieved 28 January 2013 – via Stanford University, US.
  26. ^ "Sudan Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 9 July 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
  27. ^ Andreas Mehler; et al., eds. (2013). "Sudan". Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2012. Vol. 9. Koninklijke Brill. p. 398+. ISBN 978-90-04-25600-2.

Bibliography edit

Published in 20th century
  • "Omdurman, Khartoum North, and Khartoum", Anglo-Egyptian Sudan: a compendium prepared by officers of the Sudan government, London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1905
  • Arkell, A. J. Early Khartoum. CUP, Cambridge 1949.
  • Ernest Alfred Wallis Budge (1906), "Khartum", Cook's Handbook for Egypt and the Sudan (2nd ed.), London: T. Cook & Son, OCLC 7434398
  • Eustace A. Reynolds-Ball (1907), "Khartoum", Cairo of To-Day (5th ed.), London: Adam & Charles Black
  • "Khartum". Guide to Egypt and the Sudan (5th ed.). London: Macmillan and Co. 1908.
  • "Khartum" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 773.
  • "Khartum and Omdurman", Egypt and the Sudan (7th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1914
  • McLean, W. H. The planning of Khartoum and Omdurman; transactions of the Town Planning Conference, October 1910. London 1919.
  • El-Bushra, El-Sayed (1979). "Some Demographic Indicators for Khartoum Conurbation, Sudan". Middle Eastern Studies. 15 (3): 295–309. doi:10.1080/00263207908700413. JSTOR 4282756. PMID 11614947.
  • H. R. J. Davies (1994). "A Rural 'Eye' in the Capital: Tuti Island, Khartoum, Sudan". GeoJournal. 33 (4): 387–392. doi:10.1007/BF00806421. JSTOR 41146238. S2CID 154051487.
  • Stevenson, R. C. (1966). "Old Khartoum, 1821-1885". Sudan Notes and Records. 47: 28f. ISSN 0375-2984. JSTOR 44947302 – via JSTOR.
  • R.P.D. Walsh; et al. (1994). "Flood Frequency and Impacts at Khartoum since the Early Nineteenth Century". Geographical Journal. 160 (3): 266–279. doi:10.2307/3059609. JSTOR 3059609.
  • Noelle Watson, ed. (1996). "Khartoum". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. pp. 420+. ISBN 1884964036.
  • Walkley, C. (1935). The story of Khartoum. Sudan Notes and Records, 18(2), 221–241.
Published in 21st century
  • Galal Eldin Eltayeb (2003). "The Case of Khartoum, Sudan". Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report 2003. United Nations Human Settlements Programme and University College London.
  • Paul Tiyambe Zeleza; Dickson Eyoh, eds. (2003). "Khartoum, Sudan". Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge. ISBN 0415234794.
  • Kevin Shillington, ed. (2005). "Khartoum". Encyclopedia of African History. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
  • Bruce E. Stanley; Michael R.T. Dumper, eds. (2008), "Khartoum", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, US: ABC-CLIO
  • Sara Pantuliano; et al. (2011), City Limits: Urbanisation and Vulnerability in Sudan: Khartoum Case Study, London: Overseas Development Institute – via International Relations and Security Network

External links edit

 
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