Timeline_of_Siena Knowpia

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Siena, Tuscany, Italy.

Prior to 15th century edit

1st C. CE – Saena Julia founded by Romans.
1205 – Palazzo Tolomei built (approximate date).^[1]
1233 - "The people again rose against the nobles in the hope of ousting them entirely from office."^[2]
1240 – University of Siena established.^[2]
1248 - Plague.^[2]
1255
- Gran Tavola bank founded.
- Basilica of San Francesco built.
1260 – Battle of Montaperti.
1263 – Siena Cathedral built.
1265 – Basilica of San Domenico built.
1287 – Noveschi in power.
1308 – Palazzo Pubblico built.^[3]
1328 – Famine.^[4]
1348
- Black Death plague.
- Torre del Mangia built.^[2]
1349 - Piazza del Campo paved in fishbone-patterned red brick.^[2]
1355 - Arrival of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor in Siena
1360 – Public clock installed.^[5]

1419 - Fonte Gaia built.
1423 - Council of Siena begins.
1438 - Loggia della Mercanzia built (approximate date).^[6]
1459 – Palazzo Marsili rebuilt.^[6]
1462 – Loggia del Papa erected.^[6]
1463 – Palazzo Piccolomini-delle Papesse built.^[6]
1472
- Monte dei Paschi di Siena founded.
- Palazzo Spannocchi built (approximate date).
1478 - The Pazzi conspiracy led to war a war lasting to 1480.^[2]
1482 & 1483 - Riots.^[2]
1484 – Printing press in operation.
1490 – Basilica dell'Osservanza built (approximate date).
1495
- Palazzo delle Papesse completed (approximate date).
- Piccolomini Library built (approximate date).^[6]

Map of Siena, 1640

1504 – Santo Spirito renovated.
1506 – Palazzo Chigi-Saracini renovated.
1508 – Palazzo del Magnifico built.^[6]
1520 – Palazzo Bichi built (approximate date).^[6]
1527 – Accademia degli Intronati founded (approximate date).
1533 – Santa Maria dei Servi consecrated.
1554 – Battle of Marciano.
1555 – Republic of Siena surrenders to Spain; Siena ceded to Duchy of Florence.^[2]
1604 – Porta Camollia rebuilt.^[6]
1613 – San Martino renovated.
1656 – Palio di Siena horse race begins.^[2]
1691 – Accademia dei Fisiocritici founded.^[7]
1729 – Consolidation of districts; elimination of contrade Gallo, Leone, Orso, Quercia, Spadaforte, and Vipera.

1816
- Fine Arts Institution founded.^[2]
- The natural history museum of the Royal Academy of the Physiocritics founded.^[2]
1848 – Palazzo Buonsignori restored.^[6]
1854 – Palazzo del Capitano restored.^[6]
1856 – Orto Botanico dell'Università di Siena laid out.
1858 – Municipal Archivio instituted.^[8]^[2]
1865 – Empoli-Siena railway begins operating.^{[citation needed]}
1866 – Cemetery della Misericordia established.
1871 – Mens Sana in Corpore Sano 1871 formed.
1897 – Population: 30,468.^[9]

Allied bombing of Nazi railyard, Siena, c. 1944

Siena, 2009

2003
- Fondazione Musei Senesi established.^[12]
- Siena–Ampugnano Airport renovated.^[13]

^ Hastings 1902.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Britannica 1910.
^ Gardner 1909.
^ Schevill 1909.
^ Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum [in German] (1996). "The First Public Clocks". History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Baedeker 1909.
^ "La Storia dell'Accademia". Accademia dei Fisiocritici Onlus. Archived from the original on August 1, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
^ Heywood 1905.
^ "Italy". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1899. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590550 – via HathiTrust.
^ "Italy". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1913. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368374.
^ "(Comune: Siena)". Anagrafe delle biblioteche italiane [it] (Registry of Italian Libraries) (in Italian). Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
^ "Forty-three museums scattered throughout the Province of Siena are part of the Fondazione Musei Senesi". Siena: Fondazione Musei Senesi. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
^ "Our history". Aeroporto di Siena. Retrieved August 13, 2012.