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Timeline of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

Summary

This is a timeline of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907–979), which followed the collapse of the Tang dynasty in 907 AD. The Five Dynasties refer to the succession of dynasties which ruled northern China following the Tang collapse while the Ten Kingdoms, with the exception of Northern Han, ruled in southern China. This era of division ended in 979 AD with the rise of the Song dynasty under Emperor Taizu of Song, although the Song would never reconquer the northern territory lost to the Khitans, collectively known as the Sixteen Prefectures.

Map of warlords ("jiedushi") in 902, before the end of Tang dynasty

900s edit

Year Date Event
907 Later Liang: Zhu Wen deposes Emperor Ai of Tang and founds the Later Liang in Kaifeng, ruling over North China[1]
Later Liang: The Khúc clan takes control of Annam and establishes tributary relations with Later Liang[2]
Jin: Li Keyong stays independent as Jin in Shanxi[1]
Chu: Later Liang makes Ma Yin Prince of Chu[1]
Wuyue: Qian Liu becomes Prince of Wuyue[1]
Former Shu: Wang Jian declares himself emperor of Former Shu in Chengdu[1]
908 Jin: Li Keyong dies and is succeeded by his son Li Cunxu[1]
909 Later Liang: Zhu Wen moves the Ancestral Temple to Luoyang[1]
Min: Wang Shenzhi becomes Prince of Min in Fuzhou[1]

910s edit

Year Date Event
911 Yan: Liu Shouguang declares Yan around modern day Beijing[3]
912 Later Liang: Zhu Wen is killed by his son Zhu Yougui, who usurps power[1]
913 Jin: Defeats Liu Shouguang[3]
Later Liang: Zhu Yougui is killed by his brother Zhu Youzhen, who seizes power and moves the capital to Kaifeng[1]
916 Abaoji declares himself emperor of the Khitans[4]
917 Southern Han: Liu Yan declares himself emperor of Great Yue in Guangzhou[1]
918 Southern Han: Liu Yan renames Great Yue to Southern Han[1]
919 Wu: Yang Longyan declares himself Prince of Wu[1]
The gunpowder slow match appears in China.[5]

920s edit

Year Date Event
922 Abaoji raids Jin[6]
923 Later Tang: Li Cunxu conquers Later Liang and founds Later Tang[7]
Qi: Li Maozhen submits to Later Tang[8]
Abaoji raids Later Tang[6]
924 Later Tang: Capital is moved to Luoyang[7]
Jingnan: Gao Jixing becomes Prince of Nanping in Jingzhou[7]
925 Later Tang: Conquers Former Shu and names Luoyang its Eastern Capital[7]
926 Later Tang: Li Cunxu is killed and Li Siyuan becomes emperor in Luoyang[7]

930s edit

Year Date Event
930 Southern Han: Invades Annam and removes the Khúc clan from power[9]
Later Tang: Yelü Bei flees to Later Tang[10]
931 Southern Han: Dương Đình Nghệ expels Southern Han from Đại La and declares himself governor[9]
932 Wuyue: Qian Liu dies and is succeeded by his son Qian Yuanguan who dies not long after and is succeeded by Li Congke[7]
The Twelve Classics and other texts are printed[11]
934 Later Tang: Li Siyuan dies and is succeeded by his son Li Conghou[7]
Later Shu: Meng Zhixiang declares himself emperor of Later Shu and dies not long after and is succeeded by his son Meng Chang[7]
936 28 November Later Jin: Khitans install Shi Jingtang as emperor of the Later Jin. In return Shi transfers 16 prefectures in Shanxi and Hebei to the Liao.[7]
Later Jin: Conquers Later Tang[7]
937 Southern Tang: Li Bian declares himself emperor of Southern Tang in Jinling and replaces Wu[7]
Southern Han: Kiều Công Tiễn kills Dương Đình Nghệ and calls Southern Han into a war against his enemies in the southern provinces, however Đình Nghệ's son-in-law Ngô Quyền murders Công Tiễn[12]
Later Jin: Shi Jingtang kills Yelü Bei[10]
938 Battle of Bạch Đằng: Ngô Quyền defeats the Southern Han fleet[12]
939 Ngô Quyền declares his own Ngô dynasty at Cổ Loa Citadel[12]

940s edit

Year Date Event
942 Southern Han: Liu Yan dies[7]
Later Jin: Shi Jingtang dies and is succeeded by his nephew Shi Chonggui[7]
943 Southern Tang: Li Bian dies[7]
945 Southern Tang: Conquers Min[7]
947 The Khitan state is named the Liao dynasty[4]
Liao dynasty invades Later Jin and sacks Xiang Prefecture, killing most of its population[7]
Later Han: Liu Zhiyuan declares himself emperor of Later Han in Kaifeng[7]
948 Later Han: Liu Zhiyuan dies and is succeeded by his son Liu Chengyou[7]

950s edit

Year Date Event
950 Later Han: Liu Chengyou fails to kill Guo Wei and dies[7]
Fire lances appear in China.[13]
951 Later Zhou: Guo Wei declares himself emperor of Later Zhou[7]
Northern Han: Liu Chong declares himself emperor of Northern Han in Taiyuan[7]
Southern Tang: Annexes Chu[7]
953 The Iron Lion of Cangzhou, the largest and oldest surviving cast iron artwork in China, is cast[14]
954 Later Zhou: Guo Wei dies and is succeeded by his adopted son Chai Rong[7]
955 Later Zhou: Chai Rong launches proscription campaign against Buddhism[7]
956 Later Zhou: Chai Rong launches expedition against Southern Tang[7]
957 Later Zhou: Chai Rong captures areas south of the Huai from Southern Tang[7]
959 Later Zhou: Chai Rong dies and is succeeded by his son Chai Zongxun[7]

960s edit

Year Date Event
960 February Song dynasty: Zhao Kuangyin declares himself Emperor Taizu of Song, replacing Later Zhou[15]
963 Song: Conquers Jingnan[15]
Song: Introduces the appointment by protection system, which allows high officials to nominate their sons, grandsons, and nephews for the civil service[16]
965 Song conquest of Later Shu: Song conquers Later Shu[15]
Tao Gu provides the first written documentation of using cormorants for fishing[17]
968 Đinh Bộ Lĩnh of the Đinh dynasty declares independence from China[18]
969 Gunpowder propelled fire arrows, rocket arrows, are invented by Yue Yifang and Feng Jisheng.[19]

970s edit

Year Date Event
971 Song conquest of Southern Han: Song conquers Southern Han[15]
974 The earliest natural history of pharmaceuticals, the Kaibao Bencao, is printed[20]
975 Song conquest of Southern Tang: Song conquers Southern Tang[15]
976 14 November Song: Emperor Taizu of Song dies and his brother Zhao Guangyi succeeds him as Emperor Taizong of Song[21][22]
978 Song: Conquers Wuyue[15]
979 Song conquest of Northern Han: Song conquers Northern Han[15]

Gallery edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Xiong 2009, p. cxvi.
  2. ^ Taylor 2013, p. 44.
  3. ^ a b Xiong 2009, p. 326.
  4. ^ a b Xiong 2009, p. 311.
  5. ^ Needham 1986f, p. 85.
  6. ^ a b Mote 2003, p. 44.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Xiong 2009, p. cxvii.
  8. ^ Xiong 2009, p. 300.
  9. ^ a b Taylor 2013, p. 45.
  10. ^ a b Twitchett 1994, p. 69.
  11. ^ Wilkinson 2012, p. 910.
  12. ^ a b c Taylor 2013, p. 46.
  13. ^ Andrade 2016, p. 35.
  14. ^ Needham 2008, p. 291.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g Xiong 2009, p. cxviii.
  16. ^ Kuhn 2009, p. 124.
  17. ^ Needham 1986h, p. 460.
  18. ^ Twitchett 2009, p. 247.
  19. ^ Liang 2006.
  20. ^ Needham 1986h, p. 280.
  21. ^ Twitchett 2009, p. 228.
  22. ^ Twitchett 2009, p. 242.

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Preceded by Dynasties in Chinese history
907–960 		Succeeded by

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