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Trachiniformes 
Summary
Trachiniformes is an order of percomorph bony fish,[1] whose contents are traditionally placed in suborder Trachinoidei of Perciformes.[2]
| Trachiniformes Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Trachinus araneus, Sardinia | |
| |
| Ammodytes personatus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Clade: | Percomorpha |
| Order: | Trachiniformes |
| Families | |
|
see text | |
However, Trachiniformes is recovered as polyphyletic in recent large scale molecular phylogenetic studies. Trachinidae itself is recovered as part of Percoidei, while other families respectively belong to Scombriformes, Gobiiformes, new orders Uranoscopiformes and Pempheriformes, and other clades in Perciformes.[3]
Timeline of genera edit
Families edit
The following families make up the Trachiniformes:[1] (with respectively belonging taxa following the molecular phylogenies)[3]
- Ammodytidae Bonaparte, 1832 - sandeels or sandlances (considered as part of Uranoscopiformes).
- †Callipterygidae Jordan, 1905 (fossil; Eocene of Italy)[4]
- Chiasmodontidae Jordan & Gilbert, 1883 - the swallowers (considered as part of Scombriformes).
- Champsodontidae Jordan & Snyder, 1902 - gulpers, gapers or crocodile toothfishes (considered as part of Pempheriformes).
- Cheimarrichthyidae Regan, 1913 - New Zealand torrentfishes (considered as part of Uranoscopiformes).
- Creediidae Waite, 1899 - sandburrowers (considered as part of Pempheriformes).
- Leptoscopidae Gill, 1859 - southern sandfishes (considered as part of Pempheriformes).
- Percophidae Swainson, 1839 - duckbills (as a polyphyly, respectively part of Pempheriformes and Perciformes (Notothenioidei and Bembropoidei)).
- Pinguipedidae Günther, 1860 - sandperches (considered as part of Uranoscopiformes).
- Trachinidae Rafinesque, 181 - weeverfishes (considered as part of Percoidei, belong to Perciformes).
- Trichodontidae Bleeker, 1859 - sandfish (considered as a part of Cottoidei, belong to Scorpaeniformes).
- Trichonotidae Günther, 1861 - sanddivers (considered to form the monotypic Trichonotoidei, belong to Gobiiformes).
- Uranoscopidae Bonaparte, 1831 - stargazers (considered as part of Uranoscopiformes).
References edit
- ^ a b Nelson, JS; Grande, TC & Wilson, MVH (2016). "Classification of fishes from Fishes of the World 5th Edition" (PDF). Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ^ Bailly N, ed. (2017). "Trachinoidei". FishBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
- ^ a b Ricardo Betancur-R; Edward O. Wiley; Gloria Arratia; Arturo Acero; Nicolas Bailly; Masaki Miya; Guillaume Lecointre; Guillermo Ortí (2017-07-06). "Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (1): 162. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 5501477. PMID 28683774.
- ^ Carnevale, G.; Bannikov, Alexandre F.; Marramà, G.; Tyler, James C.; Zorzin., R. (2014). "The Bolca Fossil-Lagerstätte: A window into the Eocene World. 5. The Pesciara- Monte Postale Fossil-Lagerstätte: 2. Fishes and other vertebrates. Excursion guide" (PDF). Rendiconti della Società Paleontologica Italiana. 4 (1): i–xxvii. hdl:10088/25678.
- Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363: 1–560. Retrieved 2011-05-19.