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Travelogues of Latin America

Summary

Travelogues of Latin America are published accounts describing Latin America and the Caribbean by foreign travelers from early Iberian conquest to the early 20th century.[1][2] The Spanish and Portuguese monarchs' efforts to restrict non-Iberian's access to Latin America during the colonial era mean that most of the works published before 1800 were by authorized Spanish or Portuguese chroniclers, or European Catholic missionaries.[3] However, the popularity of Prussian naturalist Alexander von Humboldt's twenty-one volume account of his travels in Latin America marked a turning point. Starting in the 1820s, most independent Latin American governments welcomed increased exchanges with European visitors, increasing the number of German, British, French, and U.S. travelogues published.[3] Many foreigners were interested in economic opportunities available in Latin America.[4] At least 394 travelogues describing Mexico were published between 1810 and 1910.[5] For Brazil, European and U.S. visitors published at least 158 travelogues between 1800 and 1899.[6]

While scholars including Marjorie Agosín, June E. Hahner, and Miguel A. Cabañas have noted that these works replicate many of the biases of their authors, they are an important sources in the study of Latin American history.[7][8][9]

Travelogues by Country or Region edit

Argentina edit

  • Beaumont, J.A.B.. Travels in Buenos Ayres, and the Adjacent Provinces of Rio de la Plata: with Observations Intended for the Use of Persons who Contemplate Emigrating to that Country. London: J. Ridgway, 1828.
    • J.A.B Beaumont was a British business person and traveler. In his travelogue Beaumont describes his experiences in Argentina, and describes the political effectiveness of local government and the demographics of Buenos Aires and surrounding areas. The text is focused on providing an informal description and perspective of potential benefits or risks that could come from emigrating to or investing in Buenos Aires.
  • Denis, Pierre. The Argentine Republic, Its Development and Progress. London: T. F. Unwin, Ltd.: 1922.
  • King, J. Anthony. Twenty-four Years in the Argentine Republic. New York: D. Appleton & company, 1846.
  • MacCann, Two Thousand Miles' Ride through the Argentine Provinces. London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1853.
  • Page, Thomas Jefferson. La Plata, the Argentine Confederation and Paraguay: being a Narrative of the Exploration of the Tributaries of the River La Plata and Adjacent Countries during the Years 1853, '54, '55, and '56, under the Orders of the United States Government. New York: Harper, 1859.
  • Parish, Woodbine Sir. Buenos Ayres, and the Provinces of the Rio de La Plata. London: J. Murray, 1839.
  • Vidal, Emeric Essex. Picturesque Illustrations of Buenos Ayres and Monte Video, Consisting of Twenty-four Views. London: R. Ackermann, 1820.
    • Emeric Essex Vidal, was a British painter and Naval officer, describes the areas of Buenos Aires and Montevideo, along with his own watercolor illustrations. He spends much of the travelog describing the physical characteristics of Buenos Aires and also highlights the social hierarchy of Argentina at the time, including his commentary on the indigenous populations and the institution of slavery.[10]

Bolivia edit

  • De Bonelli, L. Hugh. Travels in Bolivia. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1854.
    • The author of this Travelogue is De Bonelli, L. Hugh, a servant of the Britannic Majesties Legation. Published in 1854, we follow Bonelli as he travels all throughout South America, with a focus on Panama and Bolivia.
  • Conway, William Martin, Sir, 1856–1937. The Bolivian Andes: A Record of Climbing & Exploration in the Cordillera Real in the Years 1898 and 1900. New York: Harper & Brothers,1901.

Brazil edit

Central America edit

  • Byam, George. Wild Life in the Interior of Central America. London: J. W. Parker, 1849.
    • Written by George Byam – an officer in the 43rd Regiment of the British Army[13] – in 1849, Wild Life in the Interior of Central America provides information on the species, geography, and minerals Byam encountered traveling from El Realejo, Nicaragua to the Caribbean Sea.[14]  Throughout his account, Byam details the differences between his own perceptions of volcanoes, trophy-hunting, and wildlife with that of the native inhabitants of the region.[14]
  • Corlett, William Thomas, 1854-1948. The American Tropics: Notes from the Log of a Midwinter Cruise. Cleveland: The Burrows Brothers, 1908.

Chile edit

Colombia edit

Costa Rica edit

  • Calvert, Amelia Smith, b. 1876 and Phillip Powell Calvert. A Year of Costa Rican Natural History. New York: The Macmillan company: 1917.

Cuba edit

  • Baker, Frank Collins, 1867-1942. A Naturalist in Mexico: Being a Visit to Cuba, Northern Yucatan and Mexico. Chicago: D. Oliphant, 1895.
  • Ballou, Maturin Murray. History of Cuba: or, Notes of a Traveller in the Tropics. Being a Political, Historical, and Statistical Account of the Island, from its First Discovery to the Present Time. Boston: Phillips, Sampson, 1854.
    • Maturin Murray Ballou, a journalist and the owner of his own paper, Ballou’s Monthly Magazine, visited many places and created travel accounts throughout his life, one of them being Cuba.[17] The following travelogue is an account of Cuba from its early periods to the 1850s, which contains many aspects such as history, slavery, the evolution of politics, culture, etc.
  • Howe, Julia Ward. A Trip to Cuba. Boston: Ticknor, 1860.
    • Julia Howe Ward, an author, abolitionist, and social activist shares with her readers of the travelogue A trip to Cuba her experiences throughout the time she visited the country. Married to Samuel Gridley Howe, the mother of six children reports her discoveries along the way. The big journey of the author and her crew starts off in Nassau, in the Bahamas, from where they will then be transported to Cuba. She describes it as being “dragged along like a miserable thread pulled through the eye of an everlasting needle.”[18]
  • Humboldt, Alexander von, 1769-1859. The Island of Cuba. New York: Derby & Jackson, 1856.
    • Alexander von Humboldt, a German Enlightenment-era scientist, wrote The Island of Cuba to survey the climate, people, and economy of Cuba from a scientific and liberal lens.[19] In the work, he devotes a chapter to the system of slavery in Cuba, and he asserts an abolitionist stance, vocalizing his worries that, if action is not taken, Cuba will have a slave revolt akin to Haiti.[19]
  • Rawson, James. Cuba. New York: Lane & Tippett, 1847.

Dominican Republic edit

  • Day, Susan de Forest. "Chapter XI: Santo Domingo" The Cruise of the Scythian in the West Indies. New YorkL F. T. Neely, 1899.
    • Chapter XI of the Cruise of the Scythian in the West Indies is a travelogue by American author Susan De Forest Day, who sails to Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic in the late 19th century. Her account of the Dominican Republic is included along with travel accounts of several other Caribbean Islands, including Jamaica and St. Lucia.

Ecuador edit

Guatemala edit

  • Brine, Lindesay, 1834-1906. "Chapter X: La Antigua Guatemala" in Travels amongst American Indians: Their Ancient Earthworks and Temples: Including a Journey in Guatemala, Mexico and Yucatán, and a Visit to the Ruins of Patinamit, Utatlan, Palenque and Uxmal. London: S. Low, Marston & Company, 1894.
  • Montgomery, George Washington, 1804-1841. Narrative of a Journey to Guatemala, in Central America, in 1838. New York: Wiley & Putnam, 1839.

Haiti edit

  • Candler, John. Brief Notices of Hayti: with its Condition, Resources, and Prospects. London: T. Ward & Co., 1842.
    • English Abolitionist John W. Candler was a devout quaker and outspoken abolitionist. He visited Haiti in 1842 to show that abolishing slavery was a boon to a state's economic status and benefit to its people's mental health.[21]  
  • Mackenzie, Charles. Notes on Haiti, made during a Residence in that Republic. London: H. Colburn and R. Bentley. 1830.
    • Charles Mackenzie is a Scottish diplomat who toured Haiti in 1826. His observations of the country include his meetings with the Haitian president, his travel around the country, and general views on Haitian life.

Mexico edit

  • Arnold, Channing. The American Egypt: a Record of Travel in Yucatan. London: Hutchinson & Co., 1909.
    • Arnold Channing focused on Mexico, specifically the people who lived in Yucatan. He studied Yucatan from different perspectives, specifically from an archaeology perspective. He focused a lot on the different structures/monuments that the Mayan people built and was fairly fascinated with their work.
  • Baker, Frank Collins, 1867-1942. A Naturalist in Mexico: Being a Visit to Cuba, Northern Yucatan and Mexico. Chicago: D. Oliphant, 1895.
  • Bates, J. H. (James Hale), 1826-1901. Notes of a Tour in Mexico and California. New York: Burr Printing House, 1887.
  • Beaufoy, Mark, 1764-1827. Mexican Illustrations, Founded upon Facts; Indicative of the Present Condition of Society, Manners, Religion, and Morals, among the Spanish and Native Inhabitants of Mexico. London: Carpenter and Son, 1828.
  • Blichfeldt, Emil Harry, 1874-. A Mexican Journey. New York: The Chautauqua Press, 1919.
  • Calderón de la Barca, Madame (Frances Erskine Inglis), 1804?-1882. Life in Mexico, during a Residence of Two Years in that Country. London: Chapman and Hall, 1843.
    • Fanny Calderon de la Barca was born to a family of noble landowners in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1804. After moving to New York with her family, she met her husband Don Angel Calderon de la Barca, a mestizo man born to Spanish parents in Buenos Aires, Argentina. This book is a collection of letters compiled from her time in Mexico accompanying her husband, who was designated as the first Spanish minister to Mexico after their independence. Her accounts of Mexican culture place high importance on the impact of Spanish influence, especially regarding the arts. [22]
  • Carpenter, William W.. Travels and Adventures in Mexico: in the Course of Journeys of upward of 2500 miles, performed on Foot; Giving an Account of the Manners and Customs of the People, and the Agricultural and Mineral Resources of that Country. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1851.
    • William Carpenter was an American war prisoner finding his way back to the North after being released. Throughout his account he highlights his perspectives of Mexican culture and society both during and after the Mexican-American War. Moreover, his account of Mexico provides the reader with exceptional detail of what Mexico looked like during the 1840’s.[23]
  • Carson, William English, 1870-. Mexico, the Wonderland of the South. New York: The Macmillan company, 1909.
  • Conkling, Howard. Mexico and the Mexicans or, Notes of Travel in the Winter and Spring of 1883. New York: Taintor Brothers, Merrill and Co., 1883.
  • Latrobe, Chas. Joseph. The Rambler in Mexico. New York: Harper Brothers, 1836.
    • Charles La Trobe, also shown as John Charles Latrobe, writes an account of his travels with American writer Washington Irving as they travel from the United states to Mexico, or as Latrobe calls it "New Spain," in the year 1834. Latrobe's opinions from the Gulf of Mexico to the bustling metropolis of major cities depicts the perfect form of a European travelogue of Latin America.

Nicaragua edit

Panama edit

  • Chatfield, Mary A. Light on Dark Places at Panama. New York, Broadway Publishing Co: 1908
    • Mary A. Chatfield, an established American stenographer, traveled to Panama in 1905 to work under a Panamanian engineer. While fulfilling her responsibilities as a stenographer, she documented her observations and interpretations of Panamanian society through her travelogue.[25]

Patagonia edit

  • Beerbohm, Julius, 1854–1906. Wandering in Patagonia, or Life among the Ostrich Hunters. New York: Henry Holt and co., 1879.
  • Bishop, Nathaniel H., 1837–1902. The Pampas and Andes: A Thousand Miles' Walk Across South America. Boston: Lee and Shepard, 1870.
    • Nathaniel H. Bishop was a naturalist and academic from Massachusetts who, upon reaching 17 years old made a journey down to South America to observe the land and culture. Along the way he crosses oceans, rivers, plains, and mountains all the while recording his interactions with the locals and wildlife.[26]
  • Dixie, Florence, Lady, 1857–1905. Across Patagonia. New York: R. Worthington, 1881.
    • Lady Florence Dixie, Scottish writer, feminist, and activist, records the highs and the lows of her travels through Argentina and Chile in Across Patagonia.[27] On horseback, she and her companions encounter, and express their opinions on, Indigenous people, landscapes, animals (many of which she describes hunting), and natural obstacles to their journey.[28]

Paraguay edit

  • Clark, Edwin. Visit to South America. London: Dean and Son, 1878.

Peru edit

  • Bingham, Hiram, 1875-1956. Inca Land: Explorations in the Highlands of Peru. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1922.
    • Hiram Birmingham was a writer, explorer, and United States Senator who embarked on several expeditions to South America, and he is credited with documenting the now famous Machu Picchu ruins in his travelogue.[29]
    • Hiram Bingham was an American academic and explorer who wrote several books on his expeditions to Latin America. He is known for documenting and making public the existence of Machu Picchu.
  • Brand, Charles, Lieutenant. Journal of a Voyage to Peru: a Passage across the Cordillera of the Andes in the Winter of 1827, performed on Foot in the Snow, and a Journey across the Pampas. London: H. Colburn, 1828.
    • Lieutenant Charles Brand was a European navy lieutenant. In the travelogue, he describes his travels through the snow while taking note of the environment and local people.[30]
  • Curtis, William Eleroy, 1850-1911. Between the Andes and the Ocean. Herbert S. Stone and Company, 1900.

Uruguay edit

  • Clark, Edwin. Visit to South America. London: Dean and Son, 1878.

Venezuela edit

  • Curtis, William Eleroy, 1850-1911. Venezuela: A Land Where It's Always Summer. Harper, 1896.
  • Daunt, Achilles. Frank Radcliffe: a Story of Travel and Adventure in the Forests of Venezuela. New York: T. Nelson, 1884.
    • Achilles Daunt, a preacher from Owlpen, Gloucestershire, reflects on his journey through the forests of Venezuela with his long-time friend George Harrison. In his work, he depicts the beautiful terrain encountered, as well as the hardships of being exposed to the foreign elements of Venezuela.

South America (general) edit

  • Bryce, James, 1838-1922. South America: Observations & Impressions. New York: Macmillan, 1914.
  • Curtis, William Eleroy, 1850-1911. The Capitals of Spanish America. New York: Harper, 1888.
  • Ford, Isaac Nelson, 1848-1912. Tropical America. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1893.
    • Even though their travel account is called Tropical America Isaac Nelson and Ford travel around all regions of Latin America such as the coast of Ecuador, the Andes of Chile, the coast of Cuba and describe their experiences and interactions with the natives as well as with the nature of Latin America, providing a white perspective of Latin America. They arrive to some of these countries in difficult circumstances such as their arrival to Chile post civil war [31]

See also edit

Secondary literature edit

  • Agosín, Marjorie and Julie H. Levison, eds. Magical Sites: Women Travelers in 19th Century Latin America. Buffalo, NY: White Pine Press, 1999.
  • Blanton, Casey. Travel Writing: The Self and the World. New York: Twayne, 1997.
  • Cabañas, Miguel A. The Cultural 'Other' in Nineteenth-Century Travel Narratives: How the United States and Latin America Described Each Other. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2008.
  • Hahner, June E. Women through Women's Eyes: Latin American Women in Nineteenth-Century Travel Accounts. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998.
  • Hayward, Jennifer, “Latin America,” in The Routledge Companion to Travel Writing, ed. Carl Thompson. New York: Routledge, 2020, pp. 361–71
  • Welch, Thomas L. Travel accounts and descriptions of Latin America and the Caribbean, 1800-1920 : a selected bibliography. Myriam Figueras, Columbus Memorial Library. Washington, D.C.: Columbus Memorial Library, Organization of American States, 1982.

References edit

  1. ^ Welch, Thomas L. (1982). Travel accounts and descriptions of Latin America and the Caribbean, 1800-1920 : a selected bibliography. Myriam Figueras, Columbus Memorial Library. Washington, D.C.: Columbus Memorial Library, Organization of American States. ISBN 0-8270-1548-8. OCLC 9575082.
  2. ^ Hayward, Jennifer (2016). "Latin America". In Thompson, Carl (ed.). The Routledge companion to travel writing. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-82524-5. OCLC 911199946.
  3. ^ a b Mörner, Magnus (1982). "European Travelogues as Sources to Latin American History from the Late Eighteenth Century until 1870". Revista de Historia de América (93): 91–149. ISSN 0034-8325. JSTOR 20139457.
  4. ^ Weiner, Richard (2020-01-02). "Special Issue on Exploring Latin America: Travelogues by Alexander von Humboldt, Archduke Maximilian, and James Bryce". Terrae Incognitae. 52 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1080/00822884.2020.1735040. ISSN 0082-2884. S2CID 216379212.
  5. ^ Gardiner, C. Harvey (1952). "Foreign Travelers' Accounts of Mexico, 1810–1910". The Americas. 8 (3): 321–351. doi:10.2307/978376. ISSN 0003-1615. JSTOR 978376. S2CID 147437200.
  6. ^ Tjarks, Alicia V. (1977). "Brazil: Travel and Description 1800-1899: A Selected Bibliography". Revista de Historia de América. 83: 209–247.
  7. ^ Magical sites : women travelers in 19th century Latin America. Marjorie Agosín, Julie H. Levison. Buffalo, N.Y.: White Pine Press. 1999. ISBN 1-877727-94-6. OCLC 40713933.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  8. ^ Women through women's eyes : Latin American women in nineteenth-century travel accounts. June Edith Hahner. Wilmington, Del.: SR Books. 1998. ISBN 978-0-585-27934-3. OCLC 45729095.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  9. ^ Cabanas, Miguel A. (2008). The cultural "other" in nineteenth-century travel narratives : how the United States and Latin America described each other. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN 978-0-7734-5240-4. OCLC 213407426.
  10. ^ Vidal, Emeric Essex; Ackermann, Rudolph; Harrison, L. (Lancelot) (1820). Picturesque illustrations of Buenos Ayres and Monte Video, consisting of twenty-four views : accompanied with descriptions of the scenery and of the costumes, manners, &c. of the inhabitants of those cities and their environs. Getty Research Institute. London : Published by R. Ackermann, 101, Strand.
  11. ^ DICKENSON, JOHN (1992-06-01). "Henry Walter Bates—the naturalist of the River Amazons". Archives of Natural History. 19 (2): 209–218. doi:10.3366/anh.1992.19.2.209. ISSN 0260-9541.
  12. ^ a b "H.W. Bates | Biography & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-02-16.
  13. ^ "43rd Monmouthshire Light Infantry - Page 2". www.british-genealogy.com. Retrieved 2022-02-16.
  14. ^ a b Byam, George (1849). Wild life in the interior of Central America. Brown University Library. London, J. W. Parker.
  15. ^ Ball, John (1887). Notes of a naturalist in South America. Brown University Library. London, K. Paul, Trench & co.
  16. ^ Natural History Museum. "Callcott, Maria (1785-1842)". Global Plants. Retrieved 2022-02-16.
  17. ^ Winzeler, Alexandra (May 2014). "Maturin Murray Ballou". Boston Athenæum.
  18. ^ "Howe, Julia Ward 1819 - 1910 | The Cambridge Guide to Women's Writing in English - Credo Reference". search.credoreference.com. Retrieved 2022-02-18.
  19. ^ a b Vila, Ben. ""The Island of Cuba," Alexander von Humboldt (1856) | Modern Latin America". library.brown.edu. Retrieved 2022-02-16.
  20. ^ Wilson, James Grant (2015). Appletons' Cyclopaedia of American Biography. FORGOTTEN Books. ISBN 978-1-330-60889-0. OCLC 990125174.
  21. ^ Boromé, Joseph A. (1959). "John Candler's Visit to America, 1850". Bulletin of Friends Historical Association. 48 (1): 21–62. ISSN 0361-1957. JSTOR 41944688.
  22. ^ DE LA BARCA, FRANCES CALDERÓN (1982). Life in Mexico. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-04662-7. JSTOR 10.1525/j.ctt1pndx4.
  23. ^ Carpenter, William (1851). Travels and adventures in Mexico : in the course of journeys of upward of 2500 miles, performed on foot. Giving an account of the manners and customs of the people, and the agricultural and mineral resources of that country. New York: Harper & Brothers. OCLC 22084647.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  24. ^ Bell, Charles N. (Charles Napier) (1899). Tangweera; life and adventures among gentle savages. Brown University Library. London, E. Arnold.
  25. ^ A., Chatfield, Mary (1908). Light on dark places at Panama. Broadway Pub. Co. OCLC 47819672.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  26. ^ Bishop, Nathaniel H (1870). The Pampas and Andes: A Thousand Miles' Walk Across South America. boston: Lee and Shepard.
  27. ^ Ewan, Elizabeth (2018). "DIXIE, Florence Caroline (Florrie), Lady". The New Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  28. ^ Dixie, Florence (1881). Across Patagonia. Brown University Library. New York, R. Worthington.
  29. ^ https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&u=ohlnk162&id=GALE%7CCX3404707538&v=2.1&it=r&sid=bookmark-GVRL&asid=4682a67c
  30. ^ "Journal of a Voyage to Peru, &c., by Lieutenant Charles Brand". Monthly Magazine, or, British Register. 6: 412–414. Oct 1828.
  31. ^ Cruz, José Ma. Santa. “Chile and Her Civil War.” The North American Review, vol. 153, no. 419, 1891, pp. 405–13. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25102257. Accessed 6 Feb. 2023.

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