Tucano_language Knowpia

Tucano
Tucano
ye’pâ-masa yee uúku͂sehé
Native to	Brazil, Colombia
Ethnicity	Tucano people
Native speakers	4,600 in Brazil (2006); 7,020 in Colombia (2012), including Pisamira
Language family	Tucanoan Eastern North Tucano; ; ;
Official status
Official language in	Brazil (São Gabriel da Cachoeira)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either:; tuo – Tucano; arj – Arapaso
Glottolog	tuca1252 Tucano; arap1275 Arapaso
ELP	Tukano
	Arapaso

Tucano, also Tukano or Tucana, endonym ye’pâ-masa yee uúku͂sehé,^[3] is a Tucanoan language spoken in Amazonas, Brazil and Colombia.

Many Tariana people, speakers of the endangered Tariana language are switching to Tucano.

Phonology

Consonants

		Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	plain	p	t		k	ʔ
Plosive	voiced	b	d		ɡ	ʔ
Nasal		(m)	(n)		(ŋ)
Fricative			s			h
Trill			r
Approximant		w		j

Nasal sounds [m n ŋ] are variants of voiced stops /b d ɡ/ between nasal vowels. Stops may also be heard as prenasalized [ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ] after nasal vowels. /w/ can be heard as a nasal bilabial semivowel [β̞̃] in the environment of nasal vowels. Allophones of /ɾ/ can be heard as [ɾ̃], [ɺ].^[4]^[5]

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i ĩ	ɨ ɨ̃	u ũ
Mid	e ẽ		o õ
Low		a ã

References

^ ^a ^b Tucano at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
Arapaso at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
^ Endangered Languages Project data for Arapaso.
^ Ramirez, Henri (2019). "uúku͂sehe (ye'pâ-masa yee uúku͂sehé)" (PDF). A Fala Tukano dos Ye’pâ-Masa, Tomo II: Dicionário (versão atualizada, 2019). Manaus: Inspetoria Salesiana Missionária da Amazônia. p. 194.
^ West, Birdie; Welch, Betty (1967). Phonemic system of Tucano. Viola G. Waterhouse (ed.), Phonemic systems of Colombian languages: Norman: Summer Institute of Linguistics of the University of Oklahoma. pp. 11–24.
^ Aikhenvald, 1996.

Spanish

Tukanos

Bibliography

A Fala Tukano dos Ye'pâ-Masa: Tomo I: Gramática . Henri Ramirez (1997) · Manaus: Inspetoria Salesiana Missionária da Amazônia, CEDEM.
Welch, Betty and West, Birdie (2000). In Lenguas indígenas de Colombia: una visión descriptiva edited by González de Pérez, María Stella and Rodríguez de Montes, María Luisa. Instituto Caro y Cuervo.
Bibliografía de la familia lingüística Tukano (antes Betoya) ( pp. 79-104 ). Marcelino de Castellvi (1939). In Proceedings of the second convention of the Inter American Bibliographical and Library Association 2:2 Washington, D.C.
Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
Proto Tucanoan ( pp. 119-149 ). Nathan E. Waltz and Alva Wheeler (1972). In Comparative Studies in Amerindian Languages Mouton de Gruyter.

External links

Tucanoan Languages Collection of Janet Chernela, housed at AILLA, containing audio recordings, transcriptions, translations and field notes from the 1970s and 1980s.

[e25-1] Tucano at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
Arapaso at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)

[ELP2-2] Endangered Languages Project data for Arapaso.

[3] Ramirez, Henri (2019). "uúku͂sehe (ye'pâ-masa yee uúku͂sehé)" (PDF). A Fala Tukano dos Ye’pâ-Masa, Tomo II: Dicionário (versão atualizada, 2019). Manaus: Inspetoria Salesiana Missionária da Amazônia. p. 194.

[4] West, Birdie; Welch, Betty (1967). Phonemic system of Tucano. Viola G. Waterhouse (ed.), Phonemic systems of Colombian languages: Norman: Summer Institute of Linguistics of the University of Oklahoma. pp. 11–24.

[5] Aikhenvald, 1996.

[3]

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Summary