It has been stated that the church was built as a chapel of ease to St George, Trotton, in the 16th century.^[3] However, there must have been an earlier building on the site because during conservation work a blocked window dating from the 12th century, and herringbone masonry in the north wall in Norman style were found.^[2] The earliest surviving documentary evidence relating to the church is a bequest in a will dated 1532 to "the Church of Tyklyth".^[2] The parish registers go back to 1581. In the 17th century a gallery was added, approached by steps from outside the church. During the following century a north transept was built. However, during the 19th century, due to growth of the local population, the building became too small for the size of the congregation, and a new church dedicated to St Luke was built to the west of it in 1879.^[2]

The old church was used as a Sunday school until the 1930s, when it became unused and its fabric deteriorated.^[2] It was listed as Grade II listed building in 1959, at which time it was described as being "disused and neglected".^[1] The church was declared redundant in 1974.^[2] It was one of the first churches to be owned by the charity, the Friends of Friendless Churches.^[4] At that time the charity was only a pressure group, but its constitution was changed so that it could instigate repair and renovation of the churches in its possession.^[4] The charity holds a 99-year lease with effect from 1 January 1974.^[5] After its acquisition the building was immediately made waterproof.^[2] Money has since been raised for further restoration work, helped by the Friends of Tuxlith Chapel, a group founded in 1993. It is now used as a community centre, and it hosts concerts and meetings.^[4] Improvements to the furniture of the church have been undertaken, including restoration of the pulpit in 1993, and a new altar designed by Sir Hubert Bennett.^[2]

Tuxlith Chapel is constructed in plastered stone rubble with ashlar dressings and has a tiled roof.^[3] Its plan is L-shaped, consisting of a chancel with a north transept and a north porch, and a nave with a south porch. On the south wall are stone steps which led up to the former gallery.^[1] On the west gable is a bellcote.^[3] On the sides of the east window are Commandment Boards containing the Creed and the Lord's Prayer.^[6]

Contrasting it favourably with St Luke's Church, its 19th-century replacement, architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner described it as making "a very telling contrast between true piety and 19th-century religious advertisement".^[7]

• List of former places of worship in Chichester (district)